Official 


QflFb  of 


anagrrs 


OF  THE 


THE    MINUTES   OF   THE    BOARD    FROM    THE    DATE    OF    ITS    ORGANIZATION, 

"NOVEMBER  ,.,  I.M.   TO   THE    CLOSE   OF    ITS   «'OND    "...ON. 

SEPTEMBER    9,   1891,    INCLUDING    THE    ACT    OF    CONGRESS,    AND 

INFORMATION  IN  REGARD  TO  THE  ACTION   OF  THE  WORLD'S 

COLUMBIAN     COMMISSION     AND     OF     THE     CHICAGO 

DIRECTORY     OF    THE     COLUMBIAN     EXPOSITION. 


OFFICIAL   MANUAL 


OF   THE 


Board  of  Lady  Managers 


WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    COMMISSION. 


THE  MINUTES  OF  THE  BOARD  FROM  THE   DATE  OF  ITS  ORGANIZATION, 
NOVEMBER  19,  1890,  TO  THE  CLOSE  OF  ITS  SECOND  SESSION,  SEPTEMBER 
9,  1891,  INCLUDING  THE  ACT  OF  CONGRESS,  AND  INFORMATION 
IN  REGARD  TO  THE  ACTION  OF  THE  WORLD'S  COLUM- 
BIAN COMMISSION  AND  OF  THE  CHICAGO  DIREC- 
TORY OF  THE  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


CHICAGO  : 

RAND,    McNALLY  &  COMPANY. 
1891. 


Wfi 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Act  Creating  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 13 

Address,  President  T.  W.  Palmer 44 

Address,  Temporary  Chairman,  Mrs.  Felton 49 

Address,  Mrs.  President  Palmer. 55 

Address,  Secretary 65 

Alaska,  Lady  Managers 97 

Alternates,  Duties  on  Committees 135,  305 

Appeal  to  Industrial  Women 275 

Auditing  Committee 125 

Auditing  Committee,  Report  of 125 

Auxiliary  Work 274 

Badges 136,  266,  285,  309 

Badges,  Committee  on 283 

Badges,  Report  of  Committee 286 

Badges,   Resolution 266,  285 

Board  of  Reference  and  Control  in  re  Device -  -     32 

By- Laws 33 

By-Laws,  Committee  on — 97,   131 

By- Laws,  Report  of  Committee  _ 1 1 1 

By-Laws,  Article    5,  Power  to  Amend  By-Laws 257,  287 

By-Laws,  Article    5,  Report  of  Committee - - 287 

By-Laws,  Article    5,  Report  of  Commission  Committee 279 

By-Laws,  Article    6 290 

By- Laws,  Article    6,  Report  of  Committee 3°2 

By- Laws,  Article  10 -  225 

By-Laws,  Article  10,  Committee  on _ - -     -  225 

By-Laws,  Article  10,  Report  of  Committee 231 

By-Laws  in  re  Standing  Committees - --   -  225 

By- Laws  in  re  Standing  Committees,  Report  of  Committee 231 

By-Laws  in  re  Standing  Committees,  Resolution -  - - 1 20,  297 

By-Laws,  Article  n,  in  re  Creation  of  Board  of  Lady  Managers  ..  21 

Board  of  Lady  Managers -- 

Censure  of  Discordant  Proceedings - — 282 

Changes  in  Personnel - I2 

Classification - Ior 

(Hi) 


iv  Index. 

PAGE 

Classification,  Committee  on - ---257,  259 

Classification,  Report  of  Committee 291 

Classification,  Report  of  Committee  Ordered  Printed 305 

Colored  People,  Delegation 129 

Colored  People,  Resolutions 258 

Colored  People,  Petition 117.  258 

Colored  People,  Report  of  Committee 282,  299 

Colored  Women,  Committee  on 129 

Colored  Women,  Report  of  Committee 130,  299 

Commission,  Sub-Committee  Conference 80 

Commission,  Report  of  Sub-Committee  Conference 127,   136 

Committees  Abroad 276,  297 

Conference  Committee,  Board  of  Lady  Managers 61 

Conference  Committee,  Commission 80 

Conference  Committee,  Report  of 91,  87,  127 

Congresses  in  Woman's  Building 257 

Correction  of  Minutes 192 

Decoration  of  Grounds 300 

Device : 32,  279 

Directory  Resolution  in  re  Woman's  Building 27 

Directory  Resolution  in  re  Woman's  Exhibits 28 

Election,  President 55 

Election,  Secretary 60 

Election,  Vice- Presidents 98,  99,  100,  108,  109,  no 

Election,  Second  Permanent  Secretary 153 

Executive  Committee 80,  81,82,   115 

Executive  Committee,  Chairman -     97 

Executive  Committee,  Report  of.. 195 

Executive  Committee,  Report  of  ordered  printed 231 

Federal  Legislation 311 

Finance  Committee 135 

Finance  Committee,  Report  of 287 

Flag  Offered  to  Board  of  Lady  Managers _ 236 

Foreign  Agents 122,  264 

Foreign  Agents,  Resolution 274 

Foreign  Agents,  Report  of  Committee 276 

Foreign  Appointments,  Committee  on.. 297,  298 

Grouping  of  States  and  Territories  ._ 106 

Inspection  of  Exhibits .  308 

Juries 162,  275 

Last  Nail  in  Woman's  Building 224 

Library 3o8 

List  of  Lady  Managers  and  Alternates i 

Literary    Work 241,  308 

Memorial,  Mrs.  Darby 224,  248 


Index.  v 

PACK 

Memorial  to  State  Boards  and  Governors 240 

Memorial  to  State  Boards  and  Governors,  Committee  on 243,  259 

Minutes,  printing  of 5^   102 

Minutes,  Committee  on 42,  133,  309 

Minutes,  Report  of  Committee  on  Revision 229 

Minutes,  Correction  of 192 

Miss  Hayden,  Testimonial 264,  283 

Miss  Hayden,  Report  of  Committee  on  Testimonial 288 

Model  House  and  Kitchen  Exhibit 286 

Model  House  and  Kitchen  Exhibit,   Resolution . 310 

Music  in  Woman's  Building 257 

National  Flower 265 

National  Flower,  Resolution . 304 

Periodicals  Edited  by  Women 232 

Permanent  Organization,  Committee  on 51,  60 

Permanent  Organization,  Report  of  Committee 70 

Permanent  Organization,  Report  of  ^Committee  Re-committed 82 

Permanent  Organization,  Second  Report  of  Committee 89 

Permanent  Organization,  Reconsideration  Clauses  Third  and  Fourth. .103,   107 

Plan  of  State  Work 289,  298 

President,  Report  of . .- 156 

President,  Report  of  Ordered  Printed 186 

President,  Thanks  to  ... - 186,    187 

President,  Recommendations  of 267 

President,  Recommendations  of  Ordered  Printed ---  273 

Press  Committee. . . -  -  - *34 

Prospectus,  Plan,  and  Policy  of  Board  of  Lady  Managers 274 

Prospectus,  Plan,  and  Policy  of  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  Committee  on..  283 

Resolution  Authorizing  Organization -- 23 

Resolution  of  Commission  Calling  Meeting  of  Board  of  Lady  Managers ..  23 
Resolution  by  the  Directory  in  re  Authority  of  Board  of  Lady  Managers. ..  28 
Resolution  of  Executive  Committee  of  Commission  in  regard  to  the  Board ..  25 

Resolution — Powers  and  Duties  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 29 

Reward  of  Merit - --  -   I3l 

Rules  of  Order  and  Procedure - 3° 

Sanitary  Reform - .--  - 312 

Seal... --- -- 26°.  26l>  308 

Seal,  Designs 26° 

/>SA 
Seal,  Report  of  Committee 

Secretary,  Report  of - - *93 

Session  Extended 

Sergeant-at- Arms - - - 2^5 

Silk  Culture - 

South  American  Appointments  Rescinded 297»  3°2 

Standing  Committees 297.  3°4 


vi  Index. 

PAGE 

State  Board  Reports 233,  234,  313 

State  Donations  to  the  Woman's  Building 305 

State  Reports  Ordered  Printed 232,  308 

State  Reports,  Committee  Report - 289 

State  Work,  Agencies  to  be  Employed -242,  258,  264 

Statement  of  President 301 

Stationery 280 

Stenographers 191 

Sunday  Closing 70,   125,  132,  190,  233,  244 

Temporary  Chairman 49 

Temporary  Secretary 49 

Thanks  to  the  Commission  for  Powers 265 

Vice- Presidents i 

Vote  of  Approval  of  Executive  Committee  Action 301 

Woman's  Building 129,  266,  274 

Woman's  Building — Authority  for  Erecting 27 

Woman's  Council 132 

World's  Congress  Auxiliary 300 


LIST  OF  OFFICERS,  LADY  MANAGERS,  AND 
ALTERNATES 


OF    THE 


Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission. 


President, 
MRS.  POTTER  PALMER,  of  Chicago. 

First  Vice-President, 
MRS.  RALPH  TRAUTMANN,  of  New  York. 

Second  Vice-President, 
MRS.  EDWIN  C.  BURLEIGH,  of  Maine. 

Third  Vice-President, 
MRS.  CHARLES  PRICE,  of  North  Carolina. 

Fourth  Vice-President, 
Miss  KATHERINE  L.  MINOR,  of  Louisiana. 

Fifth  Vice- President, 
MRS.  BERIAH  WILKINS,  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Sixth  Vice-P resident, 
MRS.  SUSAN  R.  ASHLEY,  of  Colorado. 

Seventh  Vice- President, 
MRS.  FLORA  BEALL  GINTY,  of  Wisconsin. 

Eighth  Vice- President, 
MRS.  MARGARET  ELAINE  SALISBURY,  of  Utah. 

i 


Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Vicc-President-at-Large, 
MRS.  RUSSELL  B.  HARRISON,  of  Montana. 


Vice-Chairman  Executive  Committee, 
MRS.  VIRGINIA  C.  MEREDITH,  of  Indiana. 


Secretary, 
MRS.  SUSAN  G.  COOKE,  of  Tennessee. 


NOMINATED  BY  COMMISSIONERS-AT-LARGE. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal,  f  Mrs.  Ben  C.  Truman, 

The  Dakota,  W.  ;2d  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

New  York. 

Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill,  J  Mrs.  Nancy  Huston  Banks, 

Georgetown,  Ky.  Morganfield,  Ky. 

Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lockwood,  Mrs.  James  B.  Stone, 

812   12    St.,   Washington,  137  Vernon  St.,  Worces- 

D.  C.  ter,  Mass. 

Mrs.  John  J.  Bagley,  Mrs.  Schuyler  Colfax, 

Detroit,  Mich.  South  Bend,  Ind. 

Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford,  Mrs.  Helen  A.  Peck, 

252  Broadway,  New  York.  3100    Troost  Ave.,  Kan- 

sas City,  Mo. 

*  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison,  Miss  Caroline  E.  Dennis, 

Helena,  Montana.  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

Mrs.  Ida  A.  Elkins  Tyler,  Mrs.  Geo.  R.  Yarrow, 

Bullitt  Bldg., Philadelphia,  2213  Green  St.,  Philadel- 

Pa.  phia,  Pa. 

Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan, 

Austin,  Texas. 


*  Executive  Mansion,  Washington,  D.  C.      \  Department  Publicity  and  Promo- 
+  89  Bowen  Ave.,  Chicago,  111.  tion,  W.  C.  Exposition,  Chicago. 


Lady  Managers  and  Alternates,  3 

BY  COMMISSIONERS  FROM  THE  STATES. 

ALABAMA. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Miss  Hattie  Toney  Hundley,      Miss  Sallie  Talula  Smith, 

Mooresville.  Birmingham. 

Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick,  Mrs.  Louise  L.  Werth, 

Mobile.  313  Clayton  Heights, 

Montgomery. 

ARKANSAS. 

•£ 

Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Mary  Gray  Dunlap  Rogers, 

Little  Rock.  Fort  Smith. 

Mrs.  Rollin  A.  Edgerton,  Mrs.  Wm.  B.  Empie, 

Little  Rock.  Newport. 

CALIFORNIA. 
Mrs.  Parthenia  P.  Rue,  Mrs.  Theresa  Fair, 

Santa  Rosa.  San  Francisco. 

Mrs.  James  R.  Deane,  Mrs.  Frona  F.  Wait, 

1919  California  St.,  San  117  Jones  St.,  San  Fran- 

Francisco,  cisco. 

COLORADO. 
Miss  Mary  A.  Samson,  Mrs.  Robt.  J.  Coleman, 

313  W.  i3th  St.,  Pueblo.  Buena  Vista. 

Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley,  Mrs.  M.  D.  Thatcher, 

1460  Grant  Ave.,  Denver.  Pueblo. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs.  Amelia  B.  Hinman, 

478  Orange  St.,  New  Stevenson. 

Haven. 

Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker,     Mrs.  Virginia  T.  Smith, 
Hartford.  Hartford. 

DELAWARE. 
Mrs.  Mary  Richards  Kinder,       Mrs.  Mary  E.  Torbert, 

Milford.  Milford. 

Mrs.  J.  Frank  Ball,  Mrs.  Theodore  F.  Armstrong, 

503  W.  i2th  St.,  Wil-  Newark, 

mington. 


4  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

FLORIDA. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell,  Mrs.  Chloe  Merrick  Reed, 

Gainesville.  South  Jacksonville. 

Miss  E.  Nellie  Beck,  Mrs.  H.  K.  Ingram, 

Tampa.  Jacksonville. 

GEORGIA. 

Mrs.  William  H.  Felton,  Miss  Meta  Telfair  McLaws, 
Cartersville.  Augusta. 

Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead,  Mrs.  Geo.  W.  Lamar, 
Savannah.  Savannah. 

IDAHO. 

Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  Mrs.  Louise  L.  Barton, 
Post  Falls.  Moscow. 

Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan,  Mrs.  Ella  Ray  Miller, 
Boise  City.  Blackfoot. 

ILLINOIS. 

Mrs.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  Marcia  Louise  Gould, 
Elkhart.  Moline. 

Mrs.  Frances  Welles  Shepard,  Mrs.  Frances  Bundy  Phillips, 
4445  Grand  Boulevard,  Bloomington. 

Chicago. 

INDIANA. 

Miss  Wilhelmine  Reitz,  Miss  Susan  W.  Ball, 

524  First  St.,  Evansville.  Terre  Haute. 

Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith  *  Miss  Mary  H.  Krout, 

Cambridge  City.  Crawfordsville. 

IOWA. 
Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Mrs.  Ira  F.  Hendricks, 

718,  5th  St.,  Des  Moines.  Council  Bluffs. 

Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller,  Miss  Mary  B.  Hancock, 

152  First  Ave.,  Dubuque. 

Cedar  Rapids. 


*  Office  Inter  Ocean,  Chicago,  111. 


Lady  Managers  and  Alternates. 

KANSAS. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Sara  Blair  Lynch, 

Fort  Scott.  Leavenworth. 

*  Mrs.  Hester  A.  Hanback,  Mrs.  Jane  H.  Haynes, 

Topeka.  Fort  Scott. 

KENTUCKY. 
Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Sarah  F.  Holt, 

Lancaster.  Frankfort. 

Miss  Cora  D.  Payne,  Mrs.  Alice  B.  Castleman, 

Henderson.  Louisville. 

LOUISIANA. 

Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Mrs.  Bowling  S.  Leathers, 

Houma.  Steamer  Laura  Lee, 

New  Orleans. 

Miss  Josephine  Shakspeare,         Mrs.  Belle  Hamilton  Perkins, 
'     470  Camp  St.,  New  109  Coliseum  St.,  New 

Orleans.  Orleans. 

MAINE. 
Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Sarah  H.  Bixby, 

Augusta.  Skowhegan. 

Mrs.  L.  M.  N.  Stevens,  Miss  Kate  Hutchins  Locke, 

Portland.  Bethel. 

MARYLAND. 

Mrs.  William  Reed,  Mrs.  J.  Wilson  Patterson, 

825  S.  Paul  St.,  Baltimore.  1012  N.  Calvert  St.. 

Baltimore. 

Mrs.  Alexander  Thomson,  Miss  Eloise  Roman, 

Mount  Savage.  Cumberland. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Mrs.  Rufus  S.  Frost,  Mrs.  Alice  Freeman  Palmer,. 

100  Bellingham  St.,  Chelsea.        Cambridge. 
Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French,  Miss  Mary  Crease  Sears, 

128  Commonwealth  Ave.,  342  Marlborough  St., 

Boston.  Boston. 


*  Care  Adjutant-General. 


6  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

MICHIGAN. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  Eliza  J.  Pendry  Howes,        Mrs.  Frances  P.  Burrows, 

Battle  Creek.  Kalamazoo. 

Mrs.  Sarah  S.  C.  Angell,  Miss  Anna  M.  Cutcheon, 

Ann  Arbor.  20  Adams  St.,  Detroit. 

MINNESOTA. 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Clarke,  Mrs.  P.  B.  Winston, 

236  Summit  Ave.,  St.  Paul.  Minneapolis. 

Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown,  Mrs.  M.  M.  Williams, 

326  S.  yth  St.  Little  Falls. 

Minneapolis. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Mrs.  James  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  George  M.  Buchanan, 
Aberdeen.  Holly  Springs. 

Mrs.  John  M.  Stone,  Miss  Varina  Davis, 
Jackson.  Beauvoir. 

MISSOURI. 

*  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  LL.B.,    Mrs.  Patti  Moore, 

St.  Louis.  15    W.   1 2th   St.,  Kansas 

City. 

Miss  Lillian  Mason  Brown,        f  Mrs.  Annie  L.  Y.  Swart, 
Kirk  wood.  St.  Louis. 

MONTANA. 

Mrs.  Eliza  Rickards,  Mrs.  Frank  L.  Worden, 

Butte  City.  Missoula. 

Mrs.  Lily  Rosencrans  Toole,  Mrs.  Mariam  D.  Cooper, 

Helena.  Bozeman. 

NEBRASKA. 

Mrs.  John  S.  Briggs,  Mrs.  M.  A.  B.  Martin, 

2613  Douglas  St.,  Omaha.  Lincoln. 

Mrs.  E.  C.  Langworthy,  Mrs.  Lana  A.  Bates, 

Seward.  Aurora. 


*  Chicago.  \  Care  of  Chapcrone  Magazine, 


Lady  Managers  and  Alternates.  7 

NEVADA. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Miss  Eliza  M.  Russell,  Miss  Mary  E.  Davies, 

Elko.  Genoa. 

Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson,  Mrs.  M.  D.  Foley, 

Carson  City.  Reno. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Mrs.  Mira.  B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Frank  H.  Daniell, 
Lancaster.  Franklin  Falls. 

Mrs.  Daniel  Hall,  Miss  Ellen  J.  Cole, 
Dover.  Lake  Village. 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Miss  Mary  E.  Busselle, 

67  Park  St.,  Newark. 
Mrs.  Martha  B.  Stevens,  Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Smith, 

Hoboken.  37  Park  St.,  Newark. 

NEW  YORK. 

Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann,  Mrs.  John  Pope, 

27  Beekman   Place,    New  329  5th  Ave.,  New  York 

York  City.  City. 

Mrs.  W.  C.  Whitney,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Palmer, 

Cor.  57th  St.  and  5th  Ave.,  25  E.  65th  St.,  New  York 

New  York  City.  City. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Mrs.  George  Wilson  Kidder,  Mrs.  Sallie  S.  Gotten, 

Wilmington.  Falkland. 

Mrs.  Charles  Price,  Miss  Virginia  Stella  Divine, 

Salisbury.  Wilmington. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  Alice  Vineyard  Brown, 

Grand  Forks.  Lisbon. 

Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell,  Mrs.  Frances  C.  Holley, 

Fargo.  Bismarck. 


8  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

OHIO. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

*Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton, 

158  E.  5th  St.,  Cincinnati.  Warren. 

Mrs.  Walter  Hartpence,  Mrs.  Asa  S.  Bushnell, 

Harrison.  Springfield. 

OREGON. 
Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Anna  R.  Riggs, 

Portland.  Portland. 

Mrs.  Mary  Pay  ton,  Mrs.  Hattie  E.  Sladden, 

Salem.  Eugene  City. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Miss  Mary  E.  McCandless,          Mrs.  Samuel  Plumer, 
Winebiddle    Ave.,    Pitts-  Franklin. 

burgh. 
Mrs.  Harriet  Anne  Lucas,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Elkins, 

1913   Arch   St.,  Philadel-  1218  N.  Broad  St.,  Phil- 

phia.  adelphia. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
fMrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,     Mrs.  George  A.  Mumford, 

Pawtucket.  Pawtucket. 

Miss  Charlotte  Field  Dailey,        Miss  Loraine  Pearce  Bucklin, 
Providence.  163  Angell  St.,   Provi- 

dence. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
V've  J.  S.  R.  Thomson,  Miss  Florida  Cunningham, 

Spartanburg.  Charleston. 

Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Brayton,  Miss  Carrie  A.  Perry, 

Columbia.  WTalhalla. 

SOUTH   DAKOTA. 
Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Minnie  Daniels, 

Deadwood.  Watertown. 

Mrs.  Helen  Morton  Barker,         J  Mrs.  Marie  J.  Gaston, 
Huron.  Deadwood. 


*Care  of  Mr.  Wm.  Disney. 

f Temporary  address:     Office,  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  Chicago,  111. 

$284  Ashland  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 


Lady  Managers  and  Alternates.  9 

TENNESSEE. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Carrington  Mason, 

519  Cedar  St.,  Nashville.  Memphis. 

*Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke,  Mrs.  Chas.  J.  McClung, 

130  Hill  St.,  Knoxville.  Knoxville. 

TEXAS. 

Mrs.  Ida  Loving  Turner,  Miss  Hallie  Earle  Harrison, 

Fort  Worth.  Waco. 

Mrs.  Mary  A.  Cochran,  Mrs.  Kate  Cawthon  McDaniel, 

Dallas.  Anderson. 

VERMONT. 
Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Minna  G.  Hooker, 

Pomfret.  Brattleboro. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  V.  Grinnell,          Mrs.  Theresa  J.  Cochrane, 

Burlington.  Groton. 

VIRGINIA. 
f  Mrs.  John  Sergeant  Wise, 

Richmond. 
Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul,  Miss  Mattie  P.  Harris, 

Harrisonburgh.  Staunton. 

WASHINGTON. 

Mrs.  Melissa  D.  Owings,  Mrs.  Chauncey  Wright  Griggs, 

Olympia.  Tacoma 

Mrs.  Alice  Houghton,  Mrs.  Josephine  Ettinger, 

Spokane  Falls.  Palouse. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Mrs.  W.  Newton  Linch,  Mrs.  George  W.  Z.  Black, 
Martinsburg.  Halltown. 

Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson,  Miss  Annie  M.  Mahan, 
Parkersburg.  Fayetteville. 


*  Office  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
f  18  E.  22d  St.,  New  York. 


10  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

WISCONSIN. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty,  Mrs.  Sam  S.  Fifield, 

Chippewa  Falls.  Ashland. 

Mrs.  William  P.  Lynde,  Mrs.  J.  Montgomery  Smith, 

729  Astor  St.,  Milwaukee.  Mineral  Point. 

WYOMING. 
Mrs.  F.  H.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  A.  Stone, 

Evanston.  Evanston. 

Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale  Miss  Gertrude  M.  Huntington, 

Cheyenne.  Saratoga. 

BY  COMMISSIONERS  FROM  THE  TERRITORIES. 

ALASKA. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  A.  K.  Delaney,  Miss  Maxwell  Stevenson, 

Juneau.  Juneau. 

ARIZONA. 
Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Butler,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth, 

Prescott.  Flagstaff. 

Miss  Laurette  Lovell,  Mrs.  H.  J.  Peto, 

Tucson.  Tombstone. 

NEW  MEXICO. 
Mrs,  Franc  Luse  Albright,          Miss  Lucia  Perea, 

Albuquerque.  Albuquerque. 

Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett,  Mrs.  Louise  Dakin  Campbell, 

Santa  F<5.  Eddy. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Mrs.  Marie  P.  Harmon  Beeson,  Mrs.  Julia  Wallace, 

Reno  City.  Oklahoma  City. 

Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  McNeal, 

Kingfisher.  Guthrie. 

UTAH. 
Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Susie  B.  Emery, 

Ogden.  Park  City. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Elaine  Salisbury,  Miss  Maggie  Keogh, 

Salt  Lake  City.  Salt  Lake  City. 


Lady  Managers  and  Alternates. 


11 


BY     COMMISSIONERS      FROM      THE 

COLUMBIA. 

Lady  Managers.  Lady  Alternates. 

Mrs.  John  A.  Logan,  Mrs.  Emma  Dean  Powell, 

Calumet  Place,  Washing-  910  M  Street,  N.  W., 

ton.  Washington. 

Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins,  Miss  Emma  C.  Wimsatt, 

1709  Massachusetts  A ve.,  709  C  Street,  S.  W., 

Washington.  Washington. 

BY  THE  PRESIDENT,  FROM  THE  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. 


Lady  Managers. 
Mrs.  Bertha  M.  Honore  Palmer, 

Lake  Shore  Drive. 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr., 

River  Forest. 
Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis, 

1450  Michigan  Ave. 
Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan, 

3000  Prairie  Ave. 
Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D., 

70  State  St. 
Mrs.  M.  R.  M.  Wallace, 

3817  Michigan  Ave. 
Mrs.  Myra  Brad  well, 

1428  Michigan  Ave. 
Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr., 

24  Groveland  Park. 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse, 

145  Ashland  Boul'd. 


Lady  Alternates. 
Miss  Sara  T.  Hallowell, 

Palmer  House. 
Mrs.  George  L.  Dunlap, 

328  Dearborn  Ave. 
Mrs.  L.  Brace  Shattuck, 

5300  Woodlawn  Ave. 
Mrs.  Annie  C.  Meyers, 

553  Monroe  St. 
Martha  H.  Ten  Eyck, 

5704  Madison  Ave. 
Mrs.  Margaret  Isabelle  Sandes, 

Ravenswood,  111. 
Mrs.  Leander  Stone, 

3352  Indiana  Ave. 
Mrs.  Gen'l  A.  L.  Chetlain, 

543  No.  State  St. 

Frances  E.  Willard, 
Evanston,  111. 


12  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the 
following  changes  have  occurred  in  the  personnel  of  the  Board: 

Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers 
from  the  City  of  Chicago,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Walter  Q.  Gresham, 
resigned. 

Mrs.  George  L.  Dunlap,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  the 
City  of  Chicago,  appointed  to  succeed  Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher, 
Jr.,  appointed  Lady  Manager. 

Mrs.  J.  Wilson  Patterson,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Mary- 
land, to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Birckhead,  deceased. 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Clarke,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Minnesota,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  Allen  Hulbert,  resigned. 

Mrs.  Phillip  B.  Winston,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Min- 
nesota, to  succeed  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Clarke,  appointed  Lady 
Manager. 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Palmer,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  New  York, 
to  succeed  Mrs.  W.  Bourke  Cochran,  resigned. 

Mrs.  J.  S.  R.  Thomson,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
South  Carolina,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Darby,  deceased. 

Miss  Florida  Cunningham,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from 
South  Carolina,  to  succeed  Mrs.  J.  S.  R.  Thomson,  appointed 
Lady  Manager. 

Mrs.  Chas.  J.  McClung,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Ten- 
nessee, to  succeed  Mrs.  Bessie  Bowen  McClung,  resigned. 

Miss  Lucia  Perea,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  New  Mexico. 

Mrs.  A.  K.  Delaney,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Alaska. 

Miss  Maxwell  Stevenson,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Alaska. 

Mrs.  Eliza  Rickards,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Montana,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Henry  Knippenberg,  resigned. 

Mrs.  Wm.  C.  Whitney,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
New  York,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Lloyd  Brice,  resigned. 

Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Idaho,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Lena  Shoup,  resigned. 

Mrs.  Louise  L.  Barton,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Idaho, 
to  succeed  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  appointed  Lady  Manager. 

Mrs.  Lilla  C.  Baxter,  Navasota,  Texas,  alternate-at-large,  de- 
ceased. 


Act  of  Congress.  13 


ACT   OF   CONGRESS 


CREATING    THE 


World's  Columbian  Commission. 


An  act  to  p>  wide  for  celebrating  the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus,  by  holding  an 
international  exhibition  of  arts,  industries,  manufactures,  and 
the  products  of  the  soil,  mine,  and  the  sea,  in  the  City  of  Chicago, 
in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

WHEREAS,  It  is  fit  and  appropriate  that  the  four-hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  America  be  commemorated  by 
an  exhibition  of  the  resources  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
their  development,  and  of  the  progress  of  civilization  in  the 
New  World;  and, 

WHEREAS,  Such  an  exhibition  should  be  of  a  national  and 
international  character,  so  that  not  only  the  people  of  our  Union 
and  this  Continent,  but  those  of  all  nations  as  well,  can  partici- 
pate, and  should,  therefore,  have  the  sanction  of  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States;  therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  an  exhibi- 
tion of  arts,  industries,  manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil, 
mine,  and  sea,  shall  be  inaugurated  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety-two,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois, 
as  hereinafter  provided. 

SEC.  2.  That  a  Commission  to  consist  of  two  Commission- 
ers from  each  State  and  Territory  of  the  United  States  and 
from  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  eight  Commissioners-at- 
Large,  is  hereby  constituted  to  be  designated  as  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission. 


14  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  Commissioners,  two  from  each  State  and 
Territory,  shall  be  appointed  within  thirty  days  from  the  passage 
of  this  act  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  nom- 
ination of  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories,  respect- 
ively, and  by  the  President,  eight  Commissioners-at-Large,  and 
two  from  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  in  the  same  manner  and 
within  the  same  time  there  shall  be  appointed  two  alternate 
Commissioners  from  each  State  and  Territory  of  the  United 
States  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  eight  alternate  Commis- 
sioners-at-Large, who  shall  assume  and  perform  the  duties  of 
such  Commissioner  or  Commissioners  as  may  be  unable  to  attend 
the  meetings  of  the  said  Commission;  and  in  such  nominations 
and  appointments  each  of  the  two  leading  political  parties  shall 
be  equally  represented.  Vacancies  in  the  Commission  nominated 
by  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  respect- 
ively, and  also  vacancies  in  the  Commission-at-Large  and  from 
the  District  of  Columbia  may  be  filled  in  the  same  manner  and 
under  the  same  conditions  as  provided  herein  for  their  original 
appointments. 

SEC.  4.  That  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States 
shall,  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  notify  the  Gov- 
ernors of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  respectively, 
thereof,  and  request  such  nominations  to  be  made.  The  Com- 
missioners so  appointed  shall  be  called  together  by  the  Secretary 
of  State  of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  by  notice 
to  the  Commissioners,  as  soon  as  convenient  after  the  appoint- 
ment of  said  Commissioners,  and  within  thirty  days  thereafter. 
The  said  Commissioners,  at  said  first  meeting,  shall  organize  by 
the  election  of  such  officers  and  the  appointment  of  such  Com- 
mittees as  they  may  deem  expedient,  and  for  this  purpose  the 
Commissioners  present  at  said  meeting  shall  constitute  a  quorum. 

SEC.  5.  That  said  Commission  be  empowered  in  its  discre- 
tion to  accept  for  the  purposes  of  the  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition such  site  as  may  be  selected  and  offered  and  such  plans 
and  specifications  of  buildings  to  be  erected  for  such  purpose  at 
the  expense  of  and  tendered  by  the  corporation  organized  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  known  as  "  The  World's  Expo- 
sition of  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-two:  "  Provided,  That 


Act  of  Congress.  15 

said  site  so  tendered  and  the  buildings  proposed  to  be  erected 
thereon  shall  be  deemed  by  said  Commission  adequate  to  the 
purposes  of  said  Exposition.  And  provided,  That  said  Commis- 
.  sion  shall  be  satisfied  that  the  said  corporation  has  an  actual 
bona  fide  and  valid  subscription  to  its  capital  stock  which  will 
secure  the  payment  of  at  least  five  millions  of  dollars,  of  which 
not  less  than  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  shall  have  been  paid 
in,  and  that  the  further  sum  of  five  million  dollars,  making  in  all 
ten  million  dollars,  will  be  provided  by  said  corporation  in  ample 
time  for  its  needful  use  during  the  prosecution  of  the  work  for 
the  complete  preparation  for  said  Exposition. 

SEC.  6.  That  the  said  Commission  shall  allot  space  for 
exhibitors,  prepare  a  classification  of  exhibits,  determine  the 
plan  and  scope  of  the  Exposition,  and  shall  appoint  all  judges 
and  examiners  for  the  Exposition,  award  all  premiums,  if  any, 
and  generally  have  charge  of  all  intercourse  with  the  exhibitors 
and  the  representatives  of  foreign  nations.  And  said  Commission 
is  authorized  and  required  to  appoint  a  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
of  such  number  and  to  perform  such  duties  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  said  Commission.  Said  Board  may  appoint  one  or  more 
members  of  all  committees  authorized  to  award  prizes  for  exhib- 
its which  may  he  produced  in  whole  or  in  part  by  female  labor. 

SEC.  7.  That  after  the  plans  for  said  Exposition  shall  be 
prepared  by  said  corporation  and  approved  by  said  Commission, 
the  rules  and  regulations  of  said  corporation  governing  rates  for 
entrance  and  admission  fees,  or  otherwise  affecting  the  rights, 
privileges,  or  interests  of  the  exhibitors  or  of  the  public,  shall 
be  fixed  or  established  by  said  corporation,  subject,  however,  to 
such  modification,  if  any,  as  may  be  imposed  by  a  majority  of 
said  Commissioners. 

SEC.  8.  That  the  President  is  hereby  empowered  and 
directed  to  hold  a  naval  review  in  New  York  Harbor,  in  April, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  to  extend  to  foreign 
nations  an  invitation  to  send  ships  of  war  to  join  the  United 
States  Navy  in  rendezvous  at  Hampton  Roads  and  proceed 
thence  to  said  review. 


16  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

SEC.  9.  That  said  Commission  shall  provide  for  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  buildings  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
said  City  of  Chicago  on  the  twelfth  day  of  October,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-two,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  and  said 
Exposition  shall  be  open  to  visitors  not  later  than  the  first  day 
of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  shall  be  closed 
at  such  time  as  the  Commission  may  determine,  but  not  later 
than  the  thirtieth  day  of  October  thereafter. 

SEC.  10.  That  whenever  the  President  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  notified  by  the  Commission  that  provision  has  been  made 
for  grounds  and  buildings  for  the  uses  herein  provided  for,  and 
there  has  also  been  filed  with  him  by  the  said  corporation,  known 
as  "  The  World's  Exposition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
two,"  satisfactory  proof  that  a  sum  not  less  than  ten  million  dol- 
lars, to  be  used  and  expended  for  the  purposes  of  the  Exposition 
herein  authorized,  has  in  fact  been  raised  or  provided  for  by  sub- 
scription or  other  legally  binding  means,  he  shall  be  authorized, 
through  the  Department  of  State,  to  make  proclamation  of  the 
same,  setting  forth  the  time  at  which  the  Exposition  will  open 
and  close,  and  the  place  at  which  it  will  be  held;  and  he  shall 
communicate  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  foreign  nations 
copies  of  the  same,  together  with  such  regulations  as  may  be 
adopted  by  the  Commission,  for  publication  in  their  respective 
countries,  and  he  shall,  in  behalf  of  the  Government  and  people, 
invite  foreign  nations  to  take  part  in  the  said  Exposition  and 
appoint  representatives  thereto. 

SEC.  ii.  That  all  articles  which  shall  be  imported  from 
foreign  countries  for  the  sole  purpose  of  exhibition  at  said 
Exposition,  upon  which  there  shall  be  a  tariff  or  customs  duty, 
shall  be  admitted  free  of  payment  of  duty,  customs  fees,  or 
charges  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
shall  prescribe ;  but  it  shall  be  lawful  at  any  time  during  the 
exhibition  to  sell  for  delivery  at  the  close  of  the  Exposition  any 
goods  or  property  imported  for  and  actually  on  exhibition  in  the 
Exposition  buildings  or  on  its  grounds,  subject  to  such  regula- 
tions for  the  security  of  the  revenue  and  for  the  collection  of  the 
import  duties  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  prescribe  : 
Provided,  That  all  such  articles  when  sold  or  withdrawn  for  con- 


Act  of  Congress.  17 

sumption  in  the  United  States  shall  be  subject  to  the  duty,  if 
any,  imposed  upon  such  articles  by  the  revenue  laws  in  force  at 
the  date  of  importation,  and  all  penalties  prescribed  by  law  shall 
he  implied  and  enforced  against  such  articles,  and  against  the 
persons  who  may  be  guilty  of  any  illegal  sale  or  withdrawal. 

SEC.  12.  That  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  or  as 
much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby 
appropriated,  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  for  the  remainder  of  the  present  fiscal  year,  and 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-one,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  for  purposes  connected  with  the  admission  of 
foreign  goods  to  said  Exhibition. 

SEC.  13.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commission  to 
make  report,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States  of  the  progress  of  the  work,  and,  in  a  final  report,  present 
a  full  exhibit  of  the  results  of  the  Exposition. 

SEC.  14.  That  the  .Commission  hereby  authorized  shall 
exist  no  longer  than  until  the  first  day  of  January,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-eight. 

SEC.  15.  That  the  United  States  shall  not  in  any  manner, 
nor  under  any  circumstances,  be  liable  for  any  of  the  acts,  doings, 
proceedings,  or  representations  of  the  said  corporation  organized 
under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  its  officers,  agents,  serv- 
ants, or  employes,  or  any  of  them,  or  for  the  service,  salaries, 
labor,  or  wages  of  said  officers,  agents,  servants,  or  employes,  or 
any  of  them,  or  for  any  subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock,  or  for 
any  certificates  of  stock,  bonds,  mortgages,  or  obligations  of  any 
kind  issued  by  said  corporation,  or  for  any  debts,  liabilities,  or 
expenses  of  any  kind  whatever  attending  such  corporation  or 
accruing  by  reason  of  the  same. 

SEC.  16.  That  there  shall  be  exhibited  at  said  Exposition, 
by  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  from  its  Executive 
Departments,  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  United  States  Fish 
Commission,  and  the  National  Museum,  such  articles  and  mate- 
rials as  illustrate  the  function  and  administrative  faculty  of  the 
Government  in  time  of  peace  and  its  resources  as  a  war  power, 
tending  to  demonstrate  the  nature  of  our  institutions,  and  their 


18  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the  people  ;  and  to  secure  a  complete 
and  harmonious  arrangement  of  such  a  Government  exhibit,  a 
Board  shall  be  created  to  be  charged  with  the  selection,  prepara- 
tion, arrangement,  safe-keeping,  and  exhibition  of  such  articles 
and  materials  as  the  heads  of  the  several  departments  and  the 
Directors  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  National  Museum 
may  respectively  decide  shall  be  embraced  in  said  Government 
exhibit.  The  President  may  also  designate  additional  articles 
for  exhibition.  Such  Board  shall  be  composed  of  one  person  to 
be  named  by  the  head  of  each  Executive  Department,  and  one 
by  the  Directors  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  National 
Museum,  and  one  by  the  Fish  Commission,  such  selections  to  be 
approved  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  President 
shall  name  the  Chairman  of  said  Board,  and  the  Board  itself 
shall  select  such  other  officers  as  it  may  deem  necessary. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby  authorized  and 
directed  to  place  on  exhibition,  upon  such  grounds  as  shall  be 
allotted  for  the  purpose,  one  of  the  life-saving  stations  authorized 
to  be  constructed  on  the  coast  of  the  United  States  by  existing 
law,  and  to  cause  the  same  to  be  fully  equipped  with  all 
apparatus,  furniture  and  appliances  now  in  use  in  all  life-saving 
stations  in  the  United  States,  said  building  and  apparatus  to  be 
removed  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  and  re-erected  at  the 
place  now  authorized  by  law. 

SEC.  17.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  cause  a 
suitable  building  or  buildings  to  be  erected  on  the  site  selected 
for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  for  the  Government 
exhibits,  as  provided  in  this  act,  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  and 
directed  to  contract  therefor,  in  the  same  manner  and  under 
the  same  regulations  as  for  other  public  buildings  of  the  United 
States;  but  the  contracts  for  said  building  or  buildings  shall  not 
exceed  the  sum  of  four  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  for  the 
remainder  of  the  fiscal  year  and  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety  one,  there  is  hereby 
appropriated  for  said  building  or  buildings,  out  of  any  money  in 
the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
cause  the  said  building  or  buildings  to  be  constructed,  as  far  .as 


Act  of  Congress.  19 

possible,  of  iron,  steel,  and  glass,  or  of  such  other  material  as 
may  be  taken  out  and  sold  to  the  best  advantage;  and  he  is 
authorized  and  required  to  dispose  of  such  building  or  buildings, 
or  the  material  composing  the  same,  at  the  close  of  the  Expo- 
sition, giving  preference  to  the  City  of  Chicago,  or  to  the  said 
World's  Exposition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-two,  to 
purchase  the  same  at  an  appraised  value  to  be  ascertained  in 
such  manner  as  he  may  determine. 

SEC.  1 8.  That  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of 
transportation,  care,  and  custody  of  exhibits  by  the  Government 
and  the  maintenance  of  the  building  or  buildings  hereinbefore 
provided  for,  and  the  safe  return  of  articles  belonging  to  the  said 
Government  exhibit,  and  for  the  expenses  of  the  Commission 
created  by  this  act,  and  other  contingent  expenses,  to  be 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  upon  itemized 
accounts  and  vouchers,  there  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the 
remainder  of  this  fiscal  year  and  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-one,  out  of  any  money  in 
the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary: 
Provided,  That  the  United  States  shall  not  be  liable,  on  account 
of  the  erection  of  buildings,  expenses  of  the  Commission  or  any 
of  its  officers  or  employes,  or  on  account  of  any  expenses 
incident  to  or  growing  out  of  said  Exposition,  for  a  sum 
exceeding  in  the  aggregate  one  million  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars. 

SEC.  19.  That  the  Commissioners  and  alternate  Commission- 
ers appointed  under  this  act  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  com- 
pensation for  their  services  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States,  except  their  actual  expenses  for  transportation  and  the 
sum  of  six  dollars  per  day  for  subsistence  for  each  day  they  are 
necessarily  absent  from  their  homes  on  the  business  of  said  Com- 
mission. The  officers  of  said  Commission  shall  receive  such 
compensation  as  may  be  fixed  by  said  Commission,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  which  shall  be 
paid  out  of  the  sums  appropriated  by  Congress  in  aid  of  such 
Exposition. 

SEC.  20.     That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 


20  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

create  any  liability  of  the  United  States,  direct  or  indirect,  for 
any  debt  or  obligation  incurred,  nor  for  any  claim  for  aid  or 
pecuniary  assistance  from  Congress  or  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  in  support  or  liquidation  of  any  debts  or  obliga- 
tions created  by  said  Commission  in  excess  of  appropriations 
made  by  Congress  therefor. 

SEC.  21.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
override  or  interfere  with  the  laws  of  any  State,  and  all  contracts 
made  in  any  State  for  the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition  shall  be 
subject  to  the  laws  thereof. 

SEC.  22.  That  no  member  of  said  Commission,  whether  an 
officer  or  otherwise,  shall  be  personally  liable  for  any  debt  or 
obligation  which  may  be  created  or  incurred  by  the  said  Com- 
mission. 

Approved,  April  25,  1890. 


Article  Eleventh  of  the  By-Laws.  21 

Article  Eleventh  of  the  By-Laws 

OF  THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


BOARD    OF    LADY    MANAGERS. 

The  Board  of  Lady  Managers  shall  consist  of  two  women 
from  each  State  and  Territory  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  to 
be  nominated  by  Commissioners  from  the  several  States  and 
Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  one  woman  to 
be  nominated  by  each  of  the  Commissioners-at- Large,  and  to  be 
appointed  by  the  President;  and  also  nine  women  of  the  City 
of  Chicago,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  as  has  been  ex- 
pressly determined  by  the  order  of  the  Commission;  and  a  like 
number  of  alternates,  to  be  appointed  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
principals,  and  to  assume  the  duties  and  functions  of  such  prin- 
cipals only  when  the  principals  are  unable  to  attend.  Principals 
and  alternates  shall  be  duly  commissioned  in  accordance  with 
the  direction  of  the  Commission.  The  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
shall  be  convened  by  the  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Commission,  at  such  time  and  place  as  it  may  deem 
proper,  and,  when  so  convened,  shall  organize  by  the  election  of 
a  Chairman  and  Secretary.  The  duration  of  such  first  meeting, 
as  well  as  the  number  and  duration  of  each  subsequent  meeting, 
shall  be  wholly  under  the  control  and  be  determined  by  said 
Executive  Committee.  The  members  of  this  Board  shall  be 
officers  of  the  Commission,  and  shall  perform  such  duties  in  con- 
nection with  the  Woman's  Department  of  the  Exposition  as  said 
Executive  Committee  shall  prescribe.  Each  member  of  the 
Board  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  six  dollars  per  day  for  each 
day  necessarily  absent  from  home  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
Commission,  and  also  the  expenses  for  transportation  actually 


22  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

incurred  by  her  on  that  account.  The  alternates  shall  receive  no 
compensation  nor  expenses  for  transportation,  except  in  cases 
where  their  principals  are  unable  to  attend  to  the  duties  assigned  to 
them.  No  expenses  for  transportation  shall  be  allowed  except 
the  travel  be  authorized  by  the  said  Executive  Committee  and 
certified  accordingly. 


Resolutions  Authorizing  Organization.  23 


Resolutions  of  the  Executive  Committee 

OP  THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission, 

ADOPTED  OCTOBER  21,  1890, 

AUTHORIZING   THE   ORGANIZATION    OF  THE   BOARD    OF  LADY 
MANAGERS  OF  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  COMMISSION. 


Resolved,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  President,  be 
and  he  is  hereby  respectfully  requested  to  call  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  on  the  iQth  of 
November,  1890,  for  the  purpose  of  organization  and  the  trans- 
action of  such  other  business  as  may  come  before  said  Board. 

Resolved,  further,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  President, 
and  Hon.  John  T.  Dickinson,  Secretary,  are  requested  to  make 
arrangements  to  secure,  a  suitable  hall  in  which  said  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  can  hold  their  daily  meetings. 

Resolved,  further,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  President, 
is  requested  to  call  said  Board  of  Lady  Managers  to  order  at  12 
o'clock  M.,  on  said  i9th  of  November  next,  and  preside  until  they 
shall  have  elected  a  Chairman  and  Secretary,  and  that  Hon.  John 
T.  Dickinson,  Secretary,  is  directed  to  officiate  as  Secretary  on 
said  i gth  of  November  next  until  they  shall  have  elected  their 
Chairman  and  Secretary. 

Resolved,  further,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee that  the  law  of  Congress  authorizes  the  organization  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  at  an  early  date,  and  the  President 
of  this  Commission,  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  is  authorized  and 
requested  to  communicate  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
and  request,  on  behalf  of  this  Commission,  favorable  construction 
of  the  Act  of  Congress  relative  to  the  subsistence  and  transpor- 


24  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

tation  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  for  the  meeting  of  said 
Board  on  November  19,  1890. 

Resolved,  further,  That  the  President  shall  not  issue  the  call 
above  mentioned  until  he  receives  information  from  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  that  the  subsistence  and  transportation  for  the 
members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  have  been  allowed. 

Resolved,  further,  That  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed  by 
the  President  to  proceed  to  Washington  to  take  up  this  subject 
with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  order  to  secure  a  prompt 
decision. 


Resolutions  of  Executive  Committee.  25 


Resolutions  of  the  Executive  Committee 

OP  THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission, 

ADOPTED  NOVEMBER  26,   1890, 

AND    APPROVED    BY    THE    COMMISSION    AT    FOURTH    SESSION, 
IN  APRIL,  1891. 


Resolved,  That  tne  work  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  is, 
by  the  By-Laws  of  the  Commission,  placed  under  the  direction  and 
control  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

That  the  methods  and  agencies  adopted  by  them  in  carrying 
forward  the  duties  imposed  on  them  by  the  Act  of  Congress 
shall  be  devised  and  executed  by  said  Board  without  any  direc- 
tion or  control  of  this  Committee,  but  subject  to  the  approval  of 
this  Committee. 

That  we  will  recommend  the  construction  of  a  suitable  build- 
ing or  pavilion  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  to  be  placed  under 
the  control  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  for  official  and  other 
purposes. 

.  That  we  respectfully  request  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
to  work  in  conjunction  with  this  Committee  and  the  National 
Commission,  in  efforts  to  interest  the  people  of  the  respective 
States  and  Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  success 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

That  we  deem  it  inexpedient  at  this  time  to  formulate  any 
further  instructions  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  more 
explicitly  defining  their  duties,  but  will  appoint  a  sub-committee 
of  this  Committee  to  confer  with  a  Committee  of  their  Board,  at 
an  early  date,  for  the  purpose  of  more  fully  prescribing  their 
duties. 


26  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

That  we  will  join  with  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  a  rec- 
ommendation to  Congress  to  make  an  additional  appropriation 
to  pay  the  expenses  of  said  Board,  if  they  so  desire. 

That  we  congratulate  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  this 
Commission  upon  their  complete  organization,  and  their  great 
success  in  the  selection  of  their  eminent  officials,  and  we  wish 
them  God-speed  in  their  noble  work. 


Authority  for  Women's  Building.  27 

ABSTRACT    OF    PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

Directory  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition 


REGARDING  AUTHORITY  FOR 


ERECTING    THE   WOMAN'S    BUILDING. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  held  on  February  13, 
1891,  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  its  actions  at  the 
meeting  of  February  4th  was  approved  by  the  Board.  At  this 
meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  a  report  was  presented  from 
the  Grounds  and  Buildings  Committee  stating  that  the  location 
of  the  Woman's  Building,  at  a  point  in  Jackson  Park  opposite 
the  Midway  Plaisance,  had  been  approved  by  the  Grounds  and 
Buildings  Committee,  the  cost  of  said  building  not  to  exceed 
$200.000. 


Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


RESOLUTION    ADOPTED    BY    THE    DIRECTORY 


REQUIRING  APPROVAL  OF  THE 

BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGERS 


IN  ALL   MATTERS   PERTAINING   TO 


EXHIBITS,    ETC.,    FROM    WOMEN. 


The  following  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Local  Directory,  February  4,  1891,  and  approved 
by  the  Directory,  February  13,  1891. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  business  and 
avoiding  misunderstandings  in  administration,  the  Executive 
Committee  recommends  that  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the 
Commission  be  regarded  as  a  channel  of  communication  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  applications  for  ground,  buildings,  pavilions, 
and  other  structures  intended  for  the  exclusive  use  or  entertain- 
ment of  women  in  the  Exposition,  and  that  in  respect  to  these 
and  similar  things  the  advice  and  approval  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  should  be  obtained  before  taking  definite  action. 


Powers  and  Duties  of  Board.  29 


PREAMBLE    AND    RESOLUTIONS 

OF  THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission, 

ADOPTED  AT  THE  APRIL,  1891,  SESSION, 

DEFINING   THE  POWERS  AND  DUTIES  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  LADY 

MANAGERS. 


WHEREAS,  By  the  Sixth  section  of  the  Act  of  Congress, 
which  provides  for  celebrating  the  four  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  discovery  of  America  by  Christopher  Columbus,  etc., 
approved  April  25,  1890,  the  World's  Columbian  Commission  is 
authorized  and  required  to  appoint  a  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
of  such  number  and  to  perform  such  duties  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  said  Commission,  and  in  conformity  with  the  provision  of  said 
Act  of  Congress,  said  Commission  has  appointed  said  Board  of 
Lady  Managers;  and  by  the  Eleventh  Article  of  the  By-Laws  of 
the  Commission  it  is  provided  "  that  the  members  of  said  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  shall  perform  such  duties  in  connection  with 
the  Woman's  Department  of  the  Exposition  as  the  Executive 
Committee  may  prescribe;"  and 

WHEREAS,  Said  Executive  Committee,  at  its  last  meeting  on 
the  26th  of  November,  1890,  addressed  a  communication  to  said 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  which  said  Committee  said:  "We 
do  not  deem  it  expedient  at  this  time  to  formulate  any  further 
instructions  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  more  explicitly 
denning  their  duties,  but  will  appoint  a  sub-committee  of  this 
Committee  to  confer  with  a  committee  of  their  Board,  at  an 
early  date,  for  the  purpose  of  more  fully  prescribing  their 
duties;"  and  said  Committee  not  having  been  appointed,  and  no 


30  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

further  action  having  been  taken  in  denning  the  duties  of  said 
Board;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  4,  1891, 
explicitly  recognizes  said  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and 
provides  that  $36,000  of  the  appropriation  made  for  the  use 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1892,  shall  be  used  for  the  said  Board  of  Lady 
Managers; 

Now,  therefore,  for  the  purpose  of  more  fully  fixing  and 
defining  the  powers  and  duties  of  said  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers, 

Resolved,  By  this  Commission: 

First.  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  directed  and  empowered  to  appoint  one  or  more 
members  of  all  committees  authorized  to  award  prizes  for 
exhibits  which  may  be  produced  in  whole  or  in  part  by  female 
labor;  and  the  number  of  such  women  members  so  to  be  ap- 
pointed shall  be  in  proportion  to  the  percentage  of  female  labor 
performed  in  the  production  of  such  exhibits. 

Second.  That  said  Board  shall  have  the  management  and 
control  of  the  building  known  as  the  Woman's  Building. 

Third-  That  said  Board  shall  have  general  charge  and  man- 
agement of  all  the  interests  of  women  in  connection  with  the 
Exposition;  and  it  is  hereby  recognized  and  declared  to  be  the 
official  channel  of  communication  through  which  all  women,  or 
organizations  of  women,  may  be  brought  into  relation  with  the 
Exposition,  and  through  which  all  applications  for  space  shall  be 
made  for  the  exclusive  use  of  women  or  their  exhibits  in  the 
buildings,  or  for  the  construction  of  buildings  intended  exclusively 
for  women's  use  in  the  Exposition;  and  that  in  respect  to  these 
and  all  similar  matters  connected  with  the  preparation  for,  and 
the  management  of  the  Exposition,  in  so  far  as  the  same  relates 
to  women's  work,  women's  exhibits,  and  women's  interests  in 
general,  the  direction  and  approval  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers, through  its  President,  shall  be  necessary  before  final  and 
conclusive  action  is  taken. 

Fourth.  That  in  conducting  the  work  herein  assigned  to  said 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the  same  shall  in  all  things  be  done 


Powers  and  Duties  of  Board.  31 

under  the  direction  and  supervision  and  with  the  approval  of  the 
President  of  said  Board,  who  shall  have  full  and  complete  control, 
subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  said  Board, 
and  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission  and  its  Director-General, 
and  that  all  correspondence,  clerical  and  working  force,  and^\ 
expenditures  of  money  shall  be  directed,  ordered,  and  approved     \ 
by  the  President  of  said  Board,  who  shall  have  all  accounts  duly      / 
audited,  and  certify  the  same  to  the  Board  of  Reference  and     / 
Control  for  approval. 

Fifth.  That,  owing  to  the  evident  intention  of  Congress  to 
allow  few  meetings  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the 
Executive  Committee  thereof,  or  a  sub-committee  of  said  Execu-^ 
tive  Committee,  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered,  in  the 
absence  of  the  Board,  to  exercise  any  and  all  powers  which 


said  Board  might  exercise  in  session,  including  the  right  and 
privilege  of  amending  its  By -Laws,  should  said  Executive/ 
Committee  or  sub-committee  at  any  time  deem  it  necessary 
or  advisable. 

Sixth.  That  a  salary  of  $5,000  per  annum  shall  be  paid  to 
the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  to  date  from  her 
election  to  said  office  on  the  aoth  day  of  November,  1890  ;  and 
a  salary  of  $3,000  shall  be  paid  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  the  increase  in  the  Secretary's  salary  to  date 
from  the  first  day  of  July,  1891  ;  each  of  said  salaries  shall  be 
subject,  however,  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, as  required  by  law. 


32  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE    MINUTES   OF   THE 
PROCEEDINGS   OF   A   SESSION 


Board  of  Reference  and  Control 

OF  THE 

WORLD'S   COLUMBIAN   COMMISSION, 
Held  in  Chicago,  August  14,  1891. 


A  communication  of  this  date  was  received  and  read  from 
Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
in  regard  to  a  device  by  which  to  designate  those  exhibits  that 
may  be  made  at  the  Exposition,  that  are  "  in  whole  or  in  part 
produced  by  female  labor,"  and  desiring  to  know  if  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  had  full  and  final  power  to  decide  upon  the 
character  of  said  device. 

The  Board,  having  considered  the  foregoing  communication, 
directed  the  Secretary  to  reply  that  it  was  the  opinion  of  the 
Board  of  Control  that  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  had  full 
power  to  design  the  device  referred  to  in  the  said  communi- 
cation, said  device  to  be  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Control 
before  execution,  for  final  approval. 


The  By-Laws.  33 


BY-LAWS 


Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


(As  Amended.) 

ARTICLE  FIRST. 

Official  Title. 

This  body  shall  be  known  by  the  title  of  the  "  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,"  as  designated 
by  Section  6  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

ARTICLE  SECOND. 

Quorum. 

A  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  shall  consist  of  not 
less  than  a  majority  of  the  Managers,  but  the  alternates  repre- 
senting absent  Managers  shall  be  counted  as  Managers. 

ARTICLE  THIRD. 

Powers  of  Alternate  Managers. 

An  alternate  Manager  shall  assume  and  perform  the  duties 
of  the  Manager  whose  alternate  she  is  only  when  her  principal 
may  be  unable  to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  Board. 

That  in  all  cases  where  a  Manager  who  is  a  member  of  a 
Committee  be  absent,  her  alternate  be  authorized  to  represent 
her  on  that  Committee. 

ARTICLE  FOURTH. 

Officers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  consist  of  a  President,  whose 
official  title  shall  be  "  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 


34  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission;"  nine  Vice-Presidents, 
who  shall  be  denominated  as  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth, 
Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eighth  Vice-President,  and  a  Vice-President- 
at -Large,  and  a  Secretary;  all  of  whom  shall  hold  their  offices  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  "  Board  of  Lady  Managers." 

ARTICLE  FIFTH. 

Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  twenty- 
five  members  besides  the  President — each  of  whom  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  President — each  of  the  Standing  Committees  to 
be  represented  on  the  Executive  Board.  The  said  Committee, 
when  the  Board  is  not  in  session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers.  Ten  members  shall  constitute  a 
quorum,  and  the  Committee  may  make  such  regulations  for  its 
own  government  and  the  exercise  of  its  functions  through  the 
medium  of  such  sub-committees  as  it  may  consider  expedient. 
/  This  Committee  shall  recommend  to  the  Commission  such 
employe's  and  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly 
define  the  duties.  They  shall  report  fully  all  their  transactions 
to  the  Board  at  its  stated  and  special  meetings.  In  case  of  any 
vacancy  in  the  Committee,  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  President.  In  all  cases  where  Managers  who  are 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  are  absent,  their  alternates 
are  directed  to  represent  them  on  the  Committee. 

ARTICLE  SIXTH. 

Duties  of  the  President. 

The  President  shall  preside  over  all  the  meetings  of  the 
Board  and  shall  appoint  all  Committees,  unless  otherwise  directed 
by  the  Board,  and  she  shall  have  all  the  powers  and  authority 
incident  to  the  office  of  President.  The  President  may,  and  at 
the  written  request  of  a  majority  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
or  of  one-third  of  the  members  of  the  Board,  shall,  recommend 
to  the  Commission,  the  calling  of  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers,  each  of  whom  shall  receive  reasonable  notice  of 
the  meeting.  The  President  shall  also  have  full  and  complete 
control,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee, 


The  By-Laws.  .  35 

and  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission  and  Director-General; 
and  all  correspondence,  clerical  and  working  force,  and  expendi-~"\ 
ture  of  money,  shall  be  directed,  ordered,  and  approved  by  the 
President  of  the  Board,  who  shall  have  all  accounts  duly  audited 

and  certify  the  same  to  the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control. 

** 
ARTICLE  SEVENTH. 

Duties  of  the  Vice- Presidents. 

The  Vice-Presidents  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  President, 
perform  her  duties,  each  taking  precedence  in  numerical  order, 
and  if  all  the  Vice-Presidents  be  absent,  the  Board  shall  elect  a 
temporary  presiding  officer. 

ARTICLE  EIGHTH. 

Duties  of  the  Secretary. 

The   Secretary  shall   conduct  the    correspondence    of    the 
Board  and  be  the  custodian  of  all  documents  and  records  relat- 
ing to  its  business.     She  shall  keep  a  full  and  accurate  record  of 
its  proceedings,  and  shall  make  report  of  same  from  time  to  time, 
as  she  may  be  required.     She  shall  keep  all  the  accounts  of  the  \ 
Board  and  certify  the  same  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for    ) 
payment.     All  papers,  accounts,  and  records  in  her  custody  shall 
at  all  times  be  open  to  inspection  on  demand  of  any  Manager. 

ARTICLE  NINTH. 

Vice- Chairman  of  Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  also  be  an  officer  of  this  Board,  designated  Vice- 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  elected  by  and  from  the 
Executive  Committee,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  usual  to  such 
officer. 

ARTICLE  TENTH. 

Amendments. 

Amendments  shall  only  be  made  by  two-thirds  vote  of  the 
Board  present;  and  all  propositions  to  alter  or  amend  shall  be 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules,  By-Laws,  and  Regulations, 
and  be  by  it  considered  before  any  final  action  thereon  by  the 
Board. 


36  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


Rules  of  Order  and  Procedure 


FOB  SESSIONS   OP  THE 


Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


Touching  the  Duties  of  the  President. 

1.  She  shall  take  the  Chair  every  day,  precisely  at  the  hour 
to  which  the  Board  shall  stand  adjourned,  and  on  the  appearance 
of  a  quorum  shall  cause  the  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  to  be 
read. 

2.  She  shall  preserve  decorum  and  order;  may  speak  to  point 
of  order  in  reference  to  Lady  Managers  on  the  floor,  rising  from 
her  chair  for  that  purpose.     She  shall  decide  questions  of  order, 
subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  Board  on  request  of  any  two  Lady 
Managers. 

3.  She  may  state  a  question  sitting,   but  shall  rise  to   put  a 
question  to  a  vote  of  the  Board. 

4.  Questions  shall  be  distinctly  put  in  this  form,  viz.:     "All 
you  who  are  of  opinion  that  (as  the  question  may  be)  say  'Aye.' 
You   of    the   contrary   opinion,   say   '  No.' "     If   the   presiding 
officer  doubt,  or  a  division  be  called  for,  the  Board  shall  divide; 
those  in  the  affirmative  shall  first  rise  from  their  seats,  and  after- 
ward those  in  the  negative.     If  the  presiding  officer  still  doubt, 
or  a  count  be  required,  the  presiding  officer  shall  name  two  Lady 
Managers,  one  from  each  side,  to  tell  those  in  the  affirmative  and 
the  negative;  and  the  result  being  reported,  she  shall  rise  and 
state  the  decision  to  the  Board.     And  on  every  vote  there  shall 
be  a  call  of  the  ayes  and  noes  when  demanded  by  five  Lady 
Managers. 

5.  The  presiding  officer  may  examine  and  correct  the  Journal 
before  it  is  read. 


Rules  of  Order  and  Procedure.  37 

6.  In  case  of  any  disturbance  or  disorderly  conduct  in  the 
galleries  or  lobbies,  the   presiding  officer  shall  have  power  to 
order  the  same  to  be  cleared. 

Order  of  Business. 

7.  As  soon  as  the  Journal  is  read  and  approved,  the  presid- 
ig  officer  shall  call  for  communications  and  memorials.     The 

/same  having  been  presented  and  disposed  of,  reports,  first  from 
the  standing  and  then  from  select  committees,  shall  be  called  for; 
next,  motions  and  resolutions;  and  if  on  any  day  the  whole  of 
the  committees  have  not  been  called,  or,  being  called,  shall  not 
have  finished  their  reports,  or  any  report  shall  not  have  been 
disposed  of,  the  presiding  officer,  on  the  next  day,  shall  com- 
mence where  she  left  off  on  the  preceding  day,  and  so  on  until 
all  are  called. 

Decorum  and  Order. 

8.  When   a  Lady  Manager  is  about  to  speak  in  debate  or 
deliver  any  matter  to  the  Board,  she  shall  rise  from  her  seat  and 
respectfully   address   herself   to   "  Mrs.   President,"   and,  being 
recognized  by  the  presiding  officer,  may  proceed,  but  shall  con- 
fine herself  to  the  question  under  debate,  and  avoid  personalities. 

9.  If  any  Lady  Manager,   in  speaking,  or  otherwise,  trans- 
gress the  rules  of  the  Board,  the  presiding  officer  shall,  or  any 
member  may,  call  her  to  order;  in   which  case  the  member  so 
called  to  order  shall   immediately  sit  down,  unless  permitted  to 
explain;  and  the  Board,  if  appealed  to,  shall  decide  on  the  case;  if 
there  be  no  appeal,  the  decision  of  the  presiding  officer  shall  be 
submitted  to.     If  the  decision  be  in  favor  of  the  Lady  Manager 
called  to  order,  she  shall  be  at  liberty  to  proceed;  if  otherwise, 
she  shall  not  be  at  liberty  to  proceed  without  leave  of  the  Board; 
and  if  the  case  require  it,  she  shall  be  liable  to  the  censure  of  the 
Board. 

10.  If  a  Lady  Manager  be  called  to  order  by  another  for 
words  spoken  in  debate,  the  exceptional  words  shall  be  immedi- 
ately taken  down  in  writing  by  the  Secretary,  that  the  presiding 
officer  may  be  better  able  to  judge  of  the  matter. 


38  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

11.  When  two  or  more  Lady  Managers  rise   at  once,   the 
presiding  officer  shall  name  the  Lady  Manager  who  first  addressed 
the  Chair  as  the  one  entitled  to  the  floor. 

12.  No  Lady  Manager  shall  speak  more  than  twice  to  the 
same  question  without  leave  of  the  Board,  nor  more  than  once 
until  every  Lady  Manager  choosing  to  speak  shall  have  spoken. 
But  the  Chairman  of  a  Committee  reporting,  or  the  mover  of  the 
pending  resolution  or  proposition,  shall  have  the  right  to  conclude 
the  debate. 

13.  While  the  presiding  officer  is  putting  any  question  or 
addressing  the  Board,  none  shall  walk  out  or  across  the  chamber; 
nor  when  a  Lady  Manager  is  speaking  shall  any  other  entertain 
private  discourse  or  pass  between  her  and  the  Chair. 

14.  No   Lady  Manager  shall  vote  on  any  question    in  the 
event  of  which  she  is  immediately  or  particularly  interested,  or 
in  any  case  where  she  was  not  present  when  the  question  was 
put,  unless  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Board. 

15.  Every  Lady  Manager  who  shall  be  present  when  the 
question  is  put  shall  give  her  vote,  unless  the  Board,  for  special 
reasons,  or  the  presiding  officer,  upon  being  satisfied  that  the 
motion  or  request  is  made  for  dilatory  purposes,  shall  excuse  her. 

16.  When  a  motion  is  made  and  seconded,  it  shall  be  stated 
by  the  presiding  officer,  or,  being  in  writing,  shall  be  handed  to 
the  Chair,  and  read  aloud  by  the  Clerk,  before  debated. 

17.  Every  motion  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,  if  the  presid- 
ding  officer  or  any  Lady  Manager  desire  it. 

1 8.  After  a  motion  is  stated  by  the  presiding  officer,  or  read 
by  the  Clerk,  it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  in  the  possession  of  the 
Board,  but  may  be  withdrawn,  if  there  be  no  objection,  at  any 
time  before  a  decision  or  amendment. 

Dignity  and  Privilege  of  Questions. 

19.  When   a  question  is  under  debate,  no  motion  shall  be 
received  but  to  fix  the  time  to  which  the  Board  shall  adjourn,  to 
adjourn,  to  lie  on  the  table,  for  the  previous  question,  to  post- 
pone to  a  day  certain,  to  commit,  or  to  postpone  indefinitely, 


Rules  of  Order  and  Procedure.  39 

which  several  motions  shall  have  precedence    in  the  order  in 
which  they  are  arranged. 

20.  When  a  motion  is  made  to  refer  any  subject,  and  differ- 
ent committees  are  named,  the  question  shall  be  taken  in  the 
following   order:     i.  To    a    Committee    of   the  Whole.     2.  A 
Standing  Committee.     3.  A  Select  Committee. 

21.  A  motion  to  adjourn  shall  always  be  in  order;  that,  and 
the  motion  to  lie  on  the  table,  to  suspend  the  rules,  and  for  the 
previous  question,  shall  be  decided  without  debate. 

22.  The    previous  question  being  moved  and  seconded  by 
not  less  than  ten  Lady  Managers,  the  question  from  the  Chair 
shall  be,  ''  Shall  the  main  question  be  now  put  ? "  and  if  the  nays 
prevail,  the  main  question  shall  not  then  be  put.     But  a  refusal 
to  order  the  previous  question  shall  not  bar  the  Board  from 
forthwith  proceeding  to  the  consideration  of  the  subject.     The 
effects  of  the  previous  question  shall  be  to  put  an  end  to  all 
debate  (except  that  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  reporting, 
or  the  mover  of  the  pending  resolution  or  motion,  may  occupy 
not  more  than  twenty  (20)  minutes  in  concluding  the  debate 
after  such  order)   and  bring  the  Board  to  a  direct  vote  upon 
amendments  offered,  or  read  for  information,  before  ordering  the 
previous  question,  and  then  upon  the  main  question.     After  the 
previous  question  has  been  ordered,  and  until  it  shall  have  been 
exhausted,  no  motion  shall  be  allowed  by  the  presiding  officer, 
except  one  motion  to  adjourn  and  to  fix  the  time  to  which  the 
Board  shall  adjourn.     A  second  motion  for  the  previous  ques- 
tion shall  not  be  in  order  on  the  same  day  upon  the  same  ques- 
tion, at  the  same  stage  thereof. 

23.  When  a  question  is  postponed  indefinitely,  the  same  shall 
not  be  acted  on  again  during  the  session. 

24.  Any  Lady  Manager  may  call  for  a  division  of  the  ques- 
tion, which  shall  be  divided  if  it  comprehends  questions  so  dis- 
tinct that,  one  being  taken  away,  the  rest  may  stand  entire  for 
the  decision  of  the  Board;  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  shall 
be  deemed  divisible.     But  a  motion  to  strike  out  being  lost,  shall 
preclude  neither  amendment  nor  a   motion  to  strike  out  and 
insert.     Nor  shall  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  one  thing, 


40  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

being  lost,  preclude  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  a  different 
thing. 

25.  Motions  and  reports  on  any  subject  may  be  committed  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  Board. 

26.  A  motion  to  postpone  or  commit  an  amendment,  thereby 
to  separate  it  from  the  main  question,  shall  not  be  in  order. 

27.  No  motion  to  reconsider  any  vote  given  shall  be  made, 
unless  within  two  days  (Sunday  excepted)  after  such  vote  was 
given,  unless  a  majority  of  three-fourths  present  concur  therein; 
and  the  motion  to  reconsider  shall  be  a  privileged   motion,  and 
must  be  made  by  a  Lady  Manager  who  voted  with  the  prevailing 
side. 

28.  No  motion  or  proposition  different  from  that  under  con- 
sideration shall  be  admitted  under  colo.r  of  amendment. 

29.  When  a  paper  is  first  presented  to  the  Board,  it  shall  be  a 
matter  of  right  in  any  Lady  Manager  to  have  it  read  before  the 
Board  shall  vote  upon  it.     If  the  paper  has  been  once  read,  or 
the  reading  dispensed  with,  and  the  reading  be  again  required 
and  objected  to,  it  shall  be  determined  by  a  vote  of  the  Board. 

30.  The  unfinished  business  in  which  the  Board  was  engaged 
at  the  last  preceding  adjournment  shall  have  the  preference  in 
that  class  of  business  to  which  it  appropriately  belongs;  and  no 
motion,  or  any  other  business,  unless  a  privileged  one,  shall  be 
received  without  special  leave  of  the  Board,  until  the  former  is 
disposed  of. 

31.  The  standing  rules  of  the  Board,  and  the  regular  order  of 
business,  shall  not  be  suspended  or  interrupted  unless  by  a  vote 
of  two-thirds  of  the  Lady  Managers  present. 

32.  Communications,  memorials,  and  other  papers  addressed 
to  the  Board  shall  be  presented  by  the  presiding  officer,  or  by  a 
member  in  her  place;  a  brief  statement  of  the  contents  thereof 
shall  be  verbally  made  by  the   introducer  before  received  or 
disposed  of. 

33.  Upon  call  of  the  Board  to  take  the  yeas  and  nays  on  any 
question,   the    names   of    the    Lady  Managers-at-Large    shall 
first  be  called  in  alphabetical  order;  then  the  Lady  Managers  of 


Rules  of  Order  and  Procedure.  41 

the  States  in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the  States;  then  the  Lady 
Managers  of  the  Territories  in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the 
Territories,  and  then  the  Lady  Managers  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.  The  ayes  and  noes  shall  not  be  ordered  unless  upon 
the  demand  of  five  (5)  Lady  Managers. 

34.  No  committee  shall  sit  during  the  sitting  of  the  Board 
without  special  leave. 

35.  All  questions  of  order  shall  be  noted  by  the  Clerk  upon 
the  Journal,  with  a  decision  thereon  when  an  appeal  shall  be 
taken. 

36.  All  questions  relating  to  the  order  of  business  to  be  acted 
upon  shall  be  decided  without  debate. 

37.  Every  motion  to  alter,  change,  or  add  to  the  standing 
rules  of  the  Board  shall  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules, 
By-Laws,  and  Regulations;  and  all  resolutions  presented  shall 
be  disposed  of  by  the  Board,  unless  postponed,  referred,  or  com- 
mitted to  a  committee. 

38.  An  order  to  lay  on  the  table  an  amendment  or  substitute 
shall  not  carry  with  it  the  original  proposition  or  motion. 

Quorum. 

39.  A  quorum  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  a  majority  of 
the  Lady  Managers,  but  the  alternates  representing  absent  Lady 
Managers  shall  be  counted  as  Lady  Managers. 


42  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


The  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  at  their  session  held  Wednes- 
day, November  26,  1890,  passed  the  following  resolution: 

"Resolved,  That  the  President  appoint  a  Committee  of  three, 
who,  with  the  Secretary,  will  examine  the  minutes,  correct  and 
verify  them." 

In  accordance  therewith,  the  following  Committee  was  ap- 
pointed: 

MRS.  THATCHER,  DR.  FRANCES  DICKINSON,  and  MRS. 
MULLIGAN. 

Attest: 

We,  the  undersigned,  members  of  said  Committee,  do  hereby 
certify  that  we  have  carefully  examined  the  minutes  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  November  session,  1890,  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  and  that  the 
following  is  a  correct  copy  thereof. 

MRS.  SOLOMON  THATCHER,  JR., 

Chairman.   \  Committee. 
MRS.  JAMES  A.  MULLIGAN, 


Attest: 

BERTHA  M.  H.  PALMER, 

President. 

CHICAGO,  May  9,  1891. 


[See  Opposite  Page.] 


OFFICIAL   RECORD 

OF      THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 


OF      THE 


World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session — First  Day,  Wednesday,  Nov.    19,  1890. 

Pursuant  to  the  following  resolutions  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  adopted  October 
21,  1890,  the  ladies,  afterward  constituting  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  were  called  to 
order  in  Kinsley's  Hall,  Chicago,  at  12  o'clock  noon,  by  Presi- 
dent T.  W.  Palmer: 

Resolutions  passed  by  the  Columbian  Commission  were  then 
read,  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  President,  be  and 
he  is  hereby  respectfully  requested  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  on  the  ipth  of  Novem- 
ber, 1890,  for  the  purpose  of  organization  and  the  transaction  of 
such  other  business  as  may  come  before  said  Board. 

Resolved,  further,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  Presi- 
dent, and  Hon.  John  T.  Dickinson,  Secretary,  are  requested  to 
make  arrangements  to  secure  a  suitable  hall  in  which  said  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  can  hold  their  daily  meetings. 

(43) 


44  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Resolved,  further,  That  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  Presi- 
dent, is  requested  to  call  said  Board  of  Lady  Managers  to  order 
at  12  o'clock  M.,  on  said  ipth  of  November  next  and  preside 
until  they  shall  have  elected  a  Chairman  and  Secretary,  and  that 
Hon.  John  T.  Dickinson,  Secretary,  is  directed  to  officiate  as 
Secretary  on  said  ipth  of  November  next  until  they  shall  have 
elected  their  Chairman  and  Secretary. 

Resolved,  further,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Executive 
Committee  that  the  law  of  Congress  authorizes  the  organization 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  at  an  early  date,  and  the  Presi- 
dent of  this  Commission,  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  is  authorized 
and  requested  to  communicate  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, and  request,  on  behalf  of  this  Commission,  favorable  con- 
struction of  the  Act  of  Congress  relative  to  the  subsistence  and 
transportation  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  for  the  meeting 
of  said  Board  on  November  19,  1890. 

Resolved,  further,  That  the  President  shall  not  issue  the 
call  above  mentioned  until  he  receives  information  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  that  the  subsistence  and  transportation 
for  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  have  been 
allowed. 

Resolved,  further,  That  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed 
by  the  President  to  proceed  to  Washington  to  take  up  this  sub- 
ject with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  order  to  secure  a 
prompt  decision. 

After  an  invocation  by  the  Rev.  Florence  Kalloch,  Presi- 
dent Palmer  made  the  following  address: 

ADDRESS   OF  PRESIDENT  PALMER. 

Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission: 
I  need  not  say  that  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  welcome  you 
to  a  participation  in  the  management  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition. 

While  the  ordinary  greetings  of  social  life  may  not  seem 
apropos,  I  may  be  permitted  to  express  to  you  the  thanks  of  the 
Commission  for  your  ready  and  patriotic  acceptance  of  proffered 
burdens — as  I  am  sure  you  will  earn  and  receive  the  eventual 
thanks  cf  i'.;e  Nation  for  loyal  and  efficient  service. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  45 

Recognized  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  as  an  inte- 
gral part  of  the  Commission,  I  shall  not  address  you  in  the  ordi- 
nary fanfaronade  which  custom  has  hitherto  sanctioned  where 
nothing  has  been  conceded  to  woman  save  a  right  to  promote, 
philanthropic  or  sentimental  enterprises. 

I  shall  not  commence  with  Semiramis  or  Helen  of  Troy  and 
come  down  through  recorded  history  to  Dorothy  Dix,  Florence 
Nightingale,  Anna  Ella  Carroll  to  illustrate  what  woman  can  do; 
I  shall  not  cite  Zenobia,  Joan  of  Arc,  Catherine  of  Russia,  Queens 
Elizabeth,  Isabella,  Maria  Theresa,  Mrs.  Somerville,  and  scores 
now  living,  to  show  her  capacity  in  statecraft,  war,  social  reforms, 
or  practical  affairs. 

I  will  merely  say  that,  hitherto,  woman  has  been  found  as 
fully  equal  to  the  exigencies  of  her  situation  as  man,  and,  that 
when  responsibility  has  been  placed  upon  her,  she  has  developed 
under  it  as  well  as  man. 

It  is  the  first  time,  however,  in  the  history  of  our  Govern- 
ment that  woman  has  been  fully  recognized  in  the  administration 
of  a  great  public  trust  like  this,  and  the  action  of  Congress,  in 
passing  the  bill  with  this  feature,  has  met  the  general  approval 
of  our  people. 

Under  this  Act,  "  Said  Commission  is  authorized  and  required 
to  appoint  a  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  of  such  number  and  to 
perform  such  duties  as  maybe  prescribed  by  the  Commission." 

In  pursuance  of  that  authorization  and  requirement,  the 
World's  Columbian  Commission  incorporated  the  following 
section,  known  as  Section  Eleven,  in  its  By-Laws: 

"  BOARD  OF  LADY   MANAGERS. 

"The  Board  of  Lady  Managers  shall  consist  of  two  women 
from  each  State  and  Territory  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  to 
be  nominated  by  Commissioners  from  the  several  States  and 
Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  one  woman  to 
be  nominated  by  each  of  the  Commissioners-at-Large,  and  to  be 
appointed  by  the  President;  and  also  nine  women  of  the  City  of 
Chicago,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  as  has  been  expressly 
determined  by  the  order  of  the  Commission;  and  a  like  number 
of  alternates,  to  be  appointed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  princi- 
pals, and  to  assume  the  duties  and  functions  of  such  principals 


46  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

only  when  the  principals  are  unable  to  attend.  Principals  and 
alternates  shall  be  duly  commissioned  in  accordance  with  the 
direction  of  the  Commission.  The  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
shall  be  convened  by  the  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Commission,  at  such  time  and  place  as  it  may  deem  proper, 
and,  when  so  convened,  shall  organize  by  the  election  of  a  Chair- 
man and  Secretary.  The  duration  of  such  first  meeting,  as  well 
as  the  number  and  duration  of  each  subsequent  meeting,  shall  be 
wholly  under  the  control  and  be  determined  by  said  Executive 
Committee.  The  members  of  this  Board  shall  be  officers  of  the 
Commission,  and  shall  perform  such  duties  in  connection  with  the 
Woman's  Department  of  the  Exposition  as  said  Executive  Com- 
mittee shall  prescribe.  Each  member  of  the  Board  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  six  dollars  per  day  for  each  day  necessarily 
absent  from  home  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  Commission,  and 
also  the  expenses  for  transportation  actually  incurred  by  her  on 
that  account.  The  alternates  shall  receive  no  compensation  nor 
expenses  for  transportation,  except  in  cases  where  their  principals 
are  unable  to  attend  to  the  duties  assigned  to  them.  No  expenses 
for  transportation  shall  be  allowed  except  the  travel  be  author- 
ized by  the  said  Executive  Committee  and  certified  accordingly." 

Ladies,  you  have  before  you  the  organic  law  of  Congress 
commanding  the  creation  of  the  Board  to  which  you  belong — 
Article  XI.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Commission,  providing  for  such 
creation  and  prescribing  the  method  of  your  convening,  your 
organization,  your  rights,  duties,  and  your  compensation. 

In  entering  upon  your  duties,  I  need  not  advert  to  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  undertaking  involved,  nor  to  the  fact  that,  as  the 
work  progresses,  new  vistas  of  activity  and  effort  will  open 
before  you. 

The  Commission,  as  well  as  its  officers,  will  always  be 
happy  to  consult  and  interchange  opinions  upon  the  common 
object  and  tending  to  a  common  end. 

Did  I  feel  equal  to  it,  I  would  not  volunteer  advice  nor 
assume  the  didactic  to  a  body  whose  composition  I  so  highly 
regard  and  the  opinions  of  whose  individual  members  I  so  much 
respect,  lest  thereby  I  might  seem  to  detract  from  the  dignity  of 
your  position  and  transcend  the  bounds  of  the  authority  con- 
ferred upon  me  by  the  Commission,  directing  me  to  attend  at 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  47 

your  roll  call  and  preside  during  your  selection  of  temporary 
officers,  preliminary  to  your  permanent  organization. 

These  parchment  commissions  which  have  been  bestowed 
upon  you  may  well  serve  in  the  better  days  to  come  as  titles  of 
a  nobility,  as  far  beyond  what  has  passed  for  nobility  in  half- 
developed  society  as  the  future  shall  be  beyond  the  ages  when 
hereditary  titles  arose. 

That  your  children's  children,  to  many  generations,  should 
cite  their  descent  from  Lady  Managers  of  an  Exposition  which 
served  as  a  mile-stone  to  mark  the  world's  grandest  and  swiftest 
progress,  lies  in  your  hands  and  brains  to-day. 

All  that  American  women  ever  lacked — opportunity — is 
here,  and  from  every  State  and  Territory  the  women  of  the  hour 
are  here  to  take  advantage  thereof. 

It  needs  no  gift  of  prophecy  to  enable  one  to  predict  that 
the  future  will  justify  the  wisdom  of  the  creation  of  your  Board, 
and  the  selection  of  its  individual  members. 

Secretary  Dickinson  was  directed  to  call  the  roll  and  deliver 
to  each  member  of  the  Board  and  alternate  present  the  certifi- 
cates of  the  Commission;  said  official  roll  and  certificates  to 
serve  as  the  recognized  authentic  credentials  of  the  Board. 

Upon  roll-call,  the  following  ladies  responded  to  their  names: 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE.  —  New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal; 
Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J.  Bagley;  New  York, 
Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas, 
Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  T.  Hund- 
ley, Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  Mrs. 
Wm.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P.  Rue, 
Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson,  Mrs. 
Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs.  Isa- 
bella Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  Richards  Kinder, 
Mrs.  J.  Frank  Ball;  Florida,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell;  Georgia,  Mrs. 
Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Joseph 


48  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

C.  Straughan,  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate;  Illinois,  Mrs. 
Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  Frances  Welles  Shepard;  Indiana,  Miss 
Wilhelmine  Reitz,  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Whit- 
ing S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Hester  A. 
Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Cora  D. 
Payne;  Louisiana,  Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine 
Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  Hutch- 
ins  Locke,  alternate;  Maryland,  Mrs.  William  Reed,  Mrs.  Alex- 
ander Thomson;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French;  Michi- 
gan, Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  C.  Angell;  Minne- 
sota, Mrs.  Mary  Allen  Hulbert,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi, 
Mrs.  James  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  John  M.  Stone;  Missouri,  Miss  Phcebe 
W.  Couzins,  LL. B.,  Miss  Lillian  Mason  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs. 
John  S.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss 
Eliza  M.  Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New  Hampshire, 
Mrs.  Mira  B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary 
E.  Busselle,  Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Smith,  alternate;  New  York,  Mrs. 
Ralph  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles  Price,  Mrs.  Sallie 
S.  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Walter  Hart- 
pence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Payton;  Pennsyl- 
vania, Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless,  Mrs.  Harriet  Anne  Lucas; 
Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Charlotte  Field 
Dailey;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  Mrs.  Ellery 
M.  Brayton;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen 
Morton  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Susan 
Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  Loving  Turner;  Vermont,  Mrs. 
Ellen  M.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  V.  Grinnell;  Virginia,  Mrs. 
John  Sergeant  Wise,  Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Me- 
lissa D.  Owings,  Mrs.  Alice  Hough  ton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W. 
Newton  Linch,  Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora 
Beall  Ginty,  Mrs.  William  P.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Har- 
rison, Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  49 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Miss  Lauretta  Lov- 
ell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Franc 
Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs.  Marie 
P.  Harmon  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas  A. 
Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  Elaine  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis, 
Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan,  Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  M.  R. 
M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr., 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse. 

ALTERNATES  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Miss  Sara  T.  Hallo- 
well,  Mrs.  L.  Brace  Shattuck,  Mrs.  Annie  C.  Meyers,  Mrs.  Martha 
H.  Ten  Eyck,  Mrs.  Margaret  Isabelle  Sandes,  Mrs.  Leander  Stone, 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Chetlain. 

ALTERNATES  PRESENT,  BUT  NOT  REPRESENTING  THEIR 
PRINCIPALS. — Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton,  Ohio;  Mrs.  Patti 
Moore,  Missouri;  Mrs.  Annie  L.  Y.  Swart,  Missouri;  Mrs.  Marie 
J.  Gaston,  South  Dakota;  Mrs.  M.  A.  B.  Martin,  Nebraska. 

The  Secretary  announced  a  quorum.  The  Board  proceeded  to 
the  election  of  a  Temporary  Chairman  and  Secretary.  Mrs.  Will- 
iam Felton,  Georgia,  elected  Temporary  Chairman,  and  Miss  Cora 
D.  Payne,  Kentucky,  Temporary  Secretary,  by  a  unanimous  vote. 

Mrs.  Felton,  upon  assuming  the  chair,  spoke  as  follows: 

Dear  Ladies  of  this  Commission — As  a  Southern  woman,  I 
certainly  appreciate  this  compliment  at  your  hands,  and  my  own 
inexperience  gives  me  more  serious  concern  at  this  hour  than  at 
any  other  time  in  my  life  before.  I  can  only  promise  to  do  my 
very  best  in  this  unexpected  position.  I  must  rely  upon  your 
good  will,  or  I  shall  make  a  dismal  failure  of  the  job.  My  heart 
is  full  of  kindness  to  every  one  of  you.  I  know  no  North,  no 
South,  no  East,  no  West.  We  are  all  dear  sisters  engaged  in  a 
work  full  of  patriotism  and  loyalty  under  the  grand  old  flag  in 
the  home  of  our  fathers. 


50  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

I  have  no  friends  to  reward,  no  foes  to  punish.  I  am  simply 
your  humble  servant  in  a  very  important  place,  and  I  feel  my 
insignificance  and  my  inexperience  very  greatly  at  this  hour. 

We  are  here  as  an  official  body  clothed  with  some  authority. 
We  are  allowed,  I  suppose,  to  make  our  own  rules,  and  we  have 
elected  some  officers  for  a  little  while.  It  is  the  first  time  in  the 
history  of  the  republic  that  the  woman  has  been  recognized  as 
competent  to  attend  to  any  sort  of  public  business  by  the  National 
Government.  It  is  the  very  first  recognition  of  woman's  services 
as  a  citizen  and  a  taxpayer  by  Congress.  Therefore  I  feel  the 
necessity,  as  an  individual,  of  making  haste  very  slowly  in  all 
matters  concerning  our  permanent  organization.  Let  us  set  an 
example  that  others  may  feel,  in  years  to  come,  an  example  of 
prudence,  of  patience,  of  generous  good  will  to  every  member  of 
the  body,  and  of  faithful  devotion  to  our  duty.  Let  us  take  no 
step  forward  that  we  shall  regret  afterward.  Let  us  remember 
that  we  are  on  trial  before  this  great  Nation.  There  is  a  large 
class  in  this  country  who  are  inimical  to  us,  judging  by  the  news- 
papers, who  suppose  that  we  are  supernumeraries,  if  not  super- 
fluous appendages  to  this  World's  Fair  Commission.  For  myself 
I  feel  that  this  is  woman's  grand  opportunity.  This  is  the  time 
to  show  to  all  concerned  that  we  can  be  relied  upon  for  effective, 
faithful,  devoted  work  in  all  departments  connected  with  the 
World's  Fair  Commission.  Therefore,  again  entreating  your  kind 
assistance  in  the  discharge  of  the  duty  of  Temporary  Chairman,  I 
pronounce  this  Commission  in  session,  and  ready  for  business. 

Miss  Payne  expressed  thanks  for  the  honor  conferred. 

Miss   Ford,   New  York,   offered    the   following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  vote  of  thanks  be  extended  to  President 
Palmer  and  Secretary  Dickinson  for  the  very  able  manner  in 
which  each  has  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office.  Seconded 
and  carried. 

Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdeual,  New  York,  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution, which  was  seconded: 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization, 
consisting  of  twelve,  be  appointed  by  the  Chair  to  recommend  a 
list  of  permanent  officers  necessary  to  the  proper  conduct  of  this 
Commission,  and  to  define  the  duties  pertaining  to  the  same,  and 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  51 

they  shall  further  report  what  Standing  Committees  shall  be 
appointed,  and  the  duties  and  powers  of  each. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  submitted  the  following  resolution 
as  a  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization, 
composed  of  twelve,  divided  equally  in  politics,  no  two  repre- 
senting the  same  State,  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Chair  to 
recommend  to  this  Board  the  names  of  permanent  officers  for 
this  Board,  to  consist  of  President,  Secretary,  and  four  Vice- 
Presidents,  chosen  from  six  States. 

Resolved,  further,  That  before  determining  upon  their 
recommendation  said  Committee  shall  sit  for  two  hours  to  hear 
the  individual  views  and  preferences  of  such  members  of  the 
Board  as  may  desire  to  address  them  in  that  behalf,  after  giving 
due  notice  of  time  and  place  for  said  meeting  of  Committee. 

Mrs.  Thatcher  moved  that  the  original  resolution  and  the 
substitute  be  laid  upon  the  table.  Carried. 

Dr.  Dickinson: 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  ten  on  Permanent  Organiza- 
tion be  elected  by  this  body,  who  shall  report  to-morrow  morning 
a  list  of  offices  necessary  to  the  conduct  of  this  Board. 

Amendment  offered  by  Mrs.  Logan: 

That  a  Committee  of  eight  on  Permanent  Organization  be 
appointed  by  the  Chair,  to  report  to-morrow  morning  at  10 
o'clock. 

Amendment  by  Mrs.  Reed: 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  eight  be  appointed  to  recom- 
mend suitable  persons  to  be  elected  permanent  Chairman  and 
Secretary,  to  report  to-morrow  morning  at  10  o'clock,  when  this 
Board  shall  adjourn  to  meet  again. 

The  vote  being  taken  viva  voce  on  the  amendment  of  Mrs. 
Reed,  it  was  lost;  and  a  division  being  called  for  on  Mrs.  Logan's 
amendment,  it  was  also  lost.  The  question  recurring  on  the  reso- 
lution of  Dr.  Dickinson,  it  was  unanimously  adopted. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Lewis,  Chicago,  the  Board  adjourned  to 
10  A.  M.,  Thursday,  the  2oth. 


52  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


OFFICIAL    RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board  of   Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session— Second  Day,  Thursday,  Nov.  20,  1890. 

The  Board  met,  pursuant  to  adjournment,  at  Kinsley's  Hall, 
Chicago,  November  2oth,  10  A.  M.,  with  Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia, 
Chairman  pro  tern,  in  the  chair. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  H.  M.  Barker,  South  Dakota. 

ROLL  CALL. 

• 
MEMBERS- AT- LARGE. — New    York,    Mrs.    D.    F.    Verdenal; 

Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J.  Bagley;  New  York, 
Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas, 
Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  Toney 
Hundley,  Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle, 
Mrs.  Wm.  P.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  James  R.  Deane; 
Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson,  Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley;  Con- 
necticut, Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker; 
Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  Richards  Kinder,  Mrs.  J.  Frank  Ball;  Flor- 
ida, Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  53 

Ciarles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan,  Mrs. 
Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Frances  Welles 
Shepard;  Indiana,  Miss  Wilhelmine  Reitz,  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Mere- 
dith; Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller; 
Kansas,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hester  A.  Hanback;  Ken- 
tucky, Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Cora  D.  Payne;  Louisiana, 
Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine  Shakspeare;  Maine, 
Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  Hutchins  Locke,  alternate; 
Maryland,  Mrs.  Wm.  Reed,  Mrs.  Alexander  Thomson;  Massachu- 
setts, Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Eliza  P.  Howes, 
Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Angell;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Mary  Allen  Hulbert,  Mrs. 
H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  James  W.  Lee;  Missouri,  Miss 
Phoebe  W.  Couzins,  LL.  B.,  Miss  Lillian  Mason  Brown;  Nebraska, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy,  Mrs.  M.  A.  B.  Martin,  alternate; 
Nevada,  Miss  Eliza  M.  Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New 
Hampshire,  Mrs.  Mira  B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey, 
Miss  Mary  E.  Busselle,  Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Smith,  alternate;  New 
York,  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles  S. 
Price,  Mrs.  Sallie  S.  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S. 
W.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Hart;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Pay  ton;  Pennsyl- 
vania, Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless,  Mrs.  Harriet  Anne  Lucas; 
Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Charlotte  Field 
Dailey;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  Mrs.  Ellery 
M.  Brayton;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen 
Morton  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Susan 
Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  Loving  Turner,  Mrs.  Man7  A. 
Cochran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  V. 
Grinnell;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John  Sergeant  Wise;  Washington,  Mrs. 
Melissa  D.  Owings,  Mrs.  Alice  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs 
W.  Newton  Linch,  Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs. 
Flora  Beall  Ginty,  Mrs.  Wm.  P.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H. 
Harrison,  Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale. 


54  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Miss  Lauretta 
Lovell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs. 
Franc  Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs. 
Marie  P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas  A. 
Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis, 
Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan,  Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  M.  R. 
M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr. 

The  minutes  of  the  preceding  day  were  read  by  the  Secre- 
tary, and  approved. 

Mrs.  Hooker  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  be  authorized  to  have  the  min- 
utes printed  daily,  for  the  convenience  of  the  Lady  Managers, 
and  thus  dispense  with  the  reading  of  the  minutes  each  morning. 

Seconded.     Carried. 

The  Chair  announced  as  the  unfinished  business  before  the 
Board,  the  election  of  the  Committee  of  Ten,  embodied  in  the 
resolution  of  Dr.  Dickinson. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  a  reconsideration  of  Doctor 
Dickinson's  resolution.  It  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Thatcher  moved  to  lay  the  resolution  on  the  table. 
Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  Commission  proceed  at  once  to  the  elec- 
tion of  a  permanent  Chairman  and  Secretary. 

Doctor  Dickinson  moved  to  amend  by  the  insertion  of  the 
word  "  President"  instead  of  "  Chairman,"  which  amendment 
was  accepted,  and  the  resolution  adopted. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  f>5 

Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  proceed  to  the  election  of  President,  by 
ballot. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  in  a  nominating  speech,  presented 
the  name  of  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago,  as  permanent  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board.  Seconded  by  Mrs.  Deane,  California. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  nominated  Mrs.  John  A.  Logan, 
District  of  Columbia,  who  declined  in  favor  of  Mrs.  Palmer,  and 
there  being  no  other  nominations,  the  Chair  directed  the  Secre- 
tary to  call  the  roll.  One  hundred  and  nine  members  responded, 
fifty-five  being  necessary  to  an  election.  The  Chair  appointed 
Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky;  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia; 
MissCouzins,  Missouri;  and  Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  as  tellers. 

The  ballot  being  taken,  the  Chair  announced  a  unanimous 
vote  for  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  108  votes  having  been  cast,  and 
appointed  Mrs.  Cantrill  and  Mrs.  Logan  a  committee  to  escort 
Mrs.  Palmer  to  the  chair. 

MRS.  PALMER: 

Ladies — I  feel  deeply  the  honor  of  being  called  upon  to 
preside  over  this  Commission.  My  humility  never  asserted  itself 
more  strongly  than  now,  as  I  stand  among  so  many  distinguished 
women  of  national  fame,  whose  brilliant  careers  have  been  a 
matter  of  pride  to  the  entire  country.  One  friend  has  flat- 
teringly put  me  in  nomination,  and  another,  Mrs.  Logan,  who 
seconded  me  in  so  cordial  a  manner,  is  one  whose  life  has  been 
largely  passed  in  the  fierce  glare  of  public  life  and  whose  fine 
qualities  have  thereby  been  rendered  the  more  apparent.  She 
has  shown  by  her  words,  not  my  worth,  but  the  qualities  of  her 
own  generous  heart.  When  she  speaks  she  is  necessarily  elo- 
quent, and  in  this  case  I  am  the  fortunate  gainer.  The  kindness 
expressed  to  me  personally  by  the  ladies  of  the  Commission  also, 
in  placing  this  great  responsibility  in  my  hands,  has  greatly 
touched  me. 


56  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

My  position  differs  slightly  from  that  of  your  temporary 
Chairman  in  this,  that  while  I  have  no  enemies  to  punish,  I  have 
many  friends  to  reward — all  of  this  Commission.  I  regret,  after 
such  a  mark  of  confidence,  that  I  have  to  ask  the  indulgence  of 
the  ladies  for  my  inexperience  in  presiding.  I  hope  that  when 
we  have  been  holding  meetings  as  long  as  the  other  sex,  a  knowl- 
edge of  parliamentary  law  will  be  taken  as  a  matter  of  course  in 
every  woman's  training.  In  the  meantime  we  may  amend  an 
amendment  just  a  few  times  too  often,  or  be  put  to  confusion  by 
some  experienced  and  wily  tactician  suddenly  springing  "  the 
previous  question;"  we  may  surprise  Roberts  and  Gushing  by 
proving  that  motions  down  in  their  manuals  as  undebatable 
present  no  difficulties  in  that  line  to  us.  We  trust  that  these 
lapses  may  only  be  attributed  to  a  commendable  excess  of  zeal, 
stimulated  by  our  ambition  to  keep  things  as  lively  as  they  do  in 
our  great  model,  the  other  Commission. 

We  must,  however,  seriously  realize  the  greatness  of  the 
opportunity  which  has  been  given  us.  I  felt  yesterday,  as  the 
ladies  met  in  this  room,  and  the  North  shook  hands  with  the 
South,  the  East  with  the  West,  that  this  first  meeting  in  sympa- 
thetic intercourse  of  women  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
and  their  learning  to  work  with  and  understand  each  other, 
must  result  in  a  great  broadening  of  the  horizon  of  all  con- 
cerned. 

The  full  benefit  of  this  intermingling  will  not  be  felt,  how- 
ever, unless  we,  each  and  all,  are  generously  willing  to  leave  for 
a  time  the  narrow  boundaries  in  which  our  individual  lives  are 
passed,  to  give  our  minds  and  hearts  an  airing  by  entering  into 
the  thoughts  and  aspirations  of  others,  and  enjoying  the  alluring 
vistas  which  are  open  before  us.  In  this  fresh,  breezy  atmos- 
phere, brightened  by  the  warm  sunshine  of  sympathy,  we  will  be 
surprised  to  find  that  many  of  our  familiar  old  conventional  truths 
look  very  queer  in  some  of  the  sudden  side  lights  thrown  on 
them,  and  are  not  half  so  respectable  and  dignified  as  we  fancied 
them.  Above  all  things  else,  harmonious  action  is  necessary. 
That  is  the  foundation  which  we  must  have  for  the  superstruct- 
ure that  is  to  be  gradually  erected,  and  which  we  trust  will  be 
the  successful  result  of  our  work  together. 

Ladies,  again  I  thank  you  most  heartily. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  57 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  unanimously  given  the  temporary 
Chairman,  Mrs.  Felton,  for  her  impartial  and  efficient  presidency 
during  the  trying  hours  of  organization. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  resolution, 
and  moved  its  adoption: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission,  tender  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer  and  the 
Lady  Commissioners  of  Chicago  our  heartiest  thanks  for  the 
delightful  reception  tendered  to  this  body  at  the  Palmer  House 
last  evening. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Motion  to  adjourn  to  2.30  p.  1,1.  seconded  and  carried. 


The  Board  convened  at  2.30  p.  M.,  the  presiding  officer 
(Mrs.  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

The  Chair  announced  the  election  of  permanent  Secretary 
as  the  first  business  before  the  Board. 

It  was  moved  by  Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  that  before 
the  regular  business  the  Chair  appoint  a  committee  of  three 
to  confer  with  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission  to  notify  it  that  the  Lady  Managers  had 
elected  a  permanent  Chairman,  and  to  confer  with  it  as  to  the 
duties  and  privileges  of  this  Board.  Seconded. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  Meredith's 
motion  was  laid  on  the  table. 

Dr.  Dickinson,  Chicago,  moved  that  the  election  of  perma- 
nent Secretary  be  at  once  proceeded  with,  and  all  nominations  be 
made  from  the  floor.  Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker,  Connecticut,  in  a  nominating 
speech,  presented  the  name  of  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  Missouri. 
Miss  Busselle,  New  Jersey,  presented  the  name  of  Mrs.  Susan 
Gale  Cooke,  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Langworthy,  Nebraska,  nominated 
Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Iowa.  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Oregon;  Miss 
Eliza  Russell,  Nevada;  Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  Chicago,  and 


68  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Miss  Cora  D.  Payne,  Kentucky,  were  placed  in  nomination,  Dr. 
Frances  Dickinson  declining.     The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Russell 
Harrison,  Montana,  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  and  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of 
Columbia,  to  act  as  tellers,  and  directed  the  Secretary  to  call  the  roll. 
Pending  the  ballot,  the  following  communication  was  re- 
ceived from  the  World's  Columbian  Commission: 
To  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position: 

LADIES — By  direction  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commis- 
sion, I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  your  Board  the  accompany- 
ing resolution  just  unanimously  adopted  by  the  Commission  now 
in  session  in  this  city. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON,  Secretary. 

Resolved,  That  this  Commission  heartily  congratulates  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
upon  its  organization,  and  the  unanimous  election  of  Mrs.  Potter 
Palmer,  of  Chicago,  as  its  permanent  Chairman,  and  that  the 
Secretary  of  this  Commission  be  directed  to  transmit  a  copy  of 
this  resolution  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  directly. 

Moved  by  Mrs.  Deane,  California,  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be  ex- 
tended to  the  Commission  for  its  hearty  indorsement  of  the  choice 
of  the  Board  this  morning  for  President.    Seconded  and  adopted. 
The  Secretary  announced  the  following  result  of  the  first 
ballot  for  permanent  Secretary: 

Miss  Couzins 30 

Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke 31 

Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark 24 

Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen 10 

Miss  Eliza  M.  Russell 6 

Miss  Cora  D.  Payne 3 

Total  number  of  votes  cast 104 

Necessary  to  a  choice 53 

The  Chairman  announced  that  no  one  having  received  a 
majority  of  all  the  votes  cast,  another  ballot  would  be  taken. 

Moved  by  Mrs.  Baker,  South  Dakota,  that  the  three  ladies 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  59 

having  the  highest  number  of  ballots  cast  be  regarded  as  the 
nominees  of  this  convention.     Seconded.      Carried. 

The  Board  proceeded  to  cast  its  second  ballot  for  Mrs. 
Cooke,  Miss  Couzins,  and  Mrs.  Clark. 

Moved  by  Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  that  a  recess  of  ten 
minutes  be  taken,  which  was  lost. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  result  of  the  second  ballot  as 
follows : 

Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke 38 

Miss  Phoebe  Couzins 31 

Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark 33 

Total  number  of  votes  cast 104 

Necessary  to  a  choice  53 

No  one  having  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast,  the  Chair- 
man announced  that  another  ballot  would  be  taken. 
A  third  ballot  was  taken  with  the  following  result : 

Miss  Phoebe  Couzins 50 

Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke 31 

Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark.   22 

Total  number  of  votes  cast 103 

Necessary  to  a  choice 52 

No  one  having  received  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast,  the 
Chair  announced  that  a  fourth  ballot  would  be  necessary,  and 
inquired  if  it  was  the  pleasure  of  the  Commission  to  drop  the 
name  of  the  candidate  receiving  the  least  number  of  votes. 

Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Iowa,  declined  to  withdraw  her 
name  from  the  list,  and  the  fourth  ballot  was  taken  with  the  fol- 
lowing result: 

Miss  Phoebe  Couzins 51 

Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke 32 

Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark 16 

Blanks 2 

Total  number  of  votes  cast 101 

Necessary  to  a  choice 51 


60  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Chair  announced  that  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins  having  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  was  duly  elected  perma- 
nent Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission,  and  appointed  Mrs.  Hooker  and  Mrs. 
Carse  a  committee  to  conduct  Miss  Couzins  to  the  platform. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  ten  be  elected  by  this  body 
who  shall  report  to-morrow  morning  a  list  of  further  officers 
necessary  to  the  conduct  of  this  Board,  including  committees  and 
also  rules  of  procedure. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Illinois,  suggested  that  the  committee  be  nom- 
inated and  elected  by  ballot. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  the  resolution  be 
so  amended  that  the  Chair  should  appoint  the  Committee  of  Ten, 
which  would  constitute  a  nomination. 

Mrs.  Hooker  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution 
as  amended  was  adopted. 

Moved  and  seconded  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be  extended  to 
Miss  Payne,  Kentucky,  for  the  efficient  discharge  of  her  duties 
as  temporary  Secretary. 

An  amendment  was  offered  by  Doctor  Dickinson  providing 
that  in  case  at  any  time  in  the  future  our  Secretary  receive  a  sal- 
ary, we  then  vote  some  compensation  to  Miss  Payne  for  her  work 
done  for  us. 

Motion  seconded  and  carried. 

The  Chair  named  the  following  ladies  to  constitute  the 
Committee  of  Permanent  Organization,  under  the  resolution  of 
Mrs.  Hooker: 

Mrs.  Isabella  B.  Hooker,  Connecticut;  Mrs.  J.  J.  Bagley  (at- 
large),  Michigan;  Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan  (at-large),  Texas;  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Wise,  Virginia;  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann,  New  York;  Mrs.  James 
R.  Deane,  California;  Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French,  Massachusetts; 
Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  Arkansas;  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Chicago, 
and  Mrs.  Harriet  A.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  61 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

JZesolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  Chair 
to  confer  with  the  gentleman  Commissioners  as  to  their  con- 
struction of  the  law  authorizing  the  appointment  of  this  Board  of 
Lady  Managers;  that  we  may  not  exceed  the  proper  limit  in 
expenses  or  in  any  other  direction  which  may  expose  our  organ- 
ization to  unfriendly  criticism  by  Congress  or  by  the  country. 
Let  us  make  sure  that  we  are  in  harmony  with  the  law  and  with 
the  Commissioners. 

Resolution  seconded. 

Doctor  Dickinson,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  the 
Chair  to  formally  notify  the  World's  Columbian  Commissioners 
that  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  has  elected  a  permanent  Presi- 
dent and  Secretary. 

A  division  being  called  for  on  Doctor  Dickinson's  substitute, 
it  was  lost;  and  the  question  recurring  on  the  original  resolution 
it  was  adopted. 

The  Secretary  was  instructed  to  cast  the  vote  of  the  Board 
for  the  Committee  of  Permanent  Organization. 

The  Chair  appointed  the  following  ladies  as  the  Committee 
of  Conference  under  Mrs.  Felton's  resolution: 

Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Georgia;  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  "Meredith, 
Indiana;  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia;  Miss  Mary  E.  Bus- 
selle,  New  Jersey;  Mrs.  John  S.  Briggs,  Nebraska. 

The  Board  then  adjourned  to  n  o'clock  Friday  morning, 
November  2ist. 


62  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


OFFICIAL    RECORD 

OF   THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 

OF  THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session— Third  Day,  Friday,  Nov.  21,  1890. 

The  Board  convened  at  1 1  A.  M.,  the  presiding  officer  (Mrs. 
Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  inquired  the  pleasure  of  the  Board 
as  to  opening  each  meeting  with  prayer. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  moved  that  each  session  be  opened  with 
prayer.  Seconded  and  adopted.. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Carse. 

ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal,  Miss 
Ellen  A.  Ford;  Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  District  of 
Columbia,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lock  wood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J. 
Bagley;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas,  Mrs.  Rosine 
Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Mrs.  Hattie  T.  Hundley, 
Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  Mrs. 
Win.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P.  Rue, 
Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson,  Mrs. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  63 

Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs.  Isa- 
bella Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Kinder,  Mrs.  J. 
Frank  Ball;  Florida,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell,  Miss  E.  Nellie  Beck; 
Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho, 
Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan,  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate; 
Illinois,  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  Frances  W.  Shepard; 
Indiana,  Miss  Wilhelmine  Reitz,  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith; 
Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller;  Kansas, 
Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hester  A.  Hanback;  Kentucky, 
Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Cora  D.  Payne:  Louisiana,  Miss 
Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine  Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs. 
Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  H.  Locke,  alternate;  Maryland, 
Mrs.  William  Reed,  Mrs.  Alex.  Thomson;  Massachusetts,  Mrs. 
Jonas  H.  French;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes,  Mrs.  Sarah 
S.  C.  Angell;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Mary  Allen  Hulbert,  Mrs.  H.  F. 
Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  James  W.  Lee;  Missouri,  Miss  Phoebe 
W.  Couzins,  LL.B.,  Miss  Lillian  M.  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy,  Mrs.  John  S.  Briggs;  Nevada,  Miss 
Eliza  M.  Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New  Hampshire, 
Mrs.  Mira  B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary 
E.  Busselle,  Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Smith,  alternate;  New  York,  Mrs. 
Ralph  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles  Price,  Mrs. 
Sallie  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin, 
Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Walter 
Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Payton;  Penn- 
sylvania, Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs. 
Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Charlotte  Field  Dailey;  South  Caro- 
lina, Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Brayton;  South 
Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen  Morton  Barker;  Ten- 
nessee, Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs. 
Ida  Loving  Turner,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Cochran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Ellen 
M.  Chandler,  Mrs  Elizabeth  V.  Grinnell;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John 
Sergeant  Wise,  Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Melissa 


64  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

D.  Owings,  Mrs.  Alice  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W.  New- 
ton Linch,  Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora 
Beall  Ginty,  Mrs.  Wra.  P.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Harri- 
son, Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Miss  Laurette  Lov- 
ell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Franc 
Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs.  Marie 
P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas  A. 
Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis, 
Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan,  Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  M.  R. 
M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr., 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse. 

It  was  moved  that  the  reading  of  the  minutes  be  dispensed 
with. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  following  communications  were  read: 

NOVEMBER  20,  1890. 

MADAM  PRESIDENT:  The  States'  Association  requests  the 
Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates  to  attend  a  lecture  on  the 
subject  of  the  World's  Fairs,  by  Gen.  C.  B.  Norton,  at  the  club- 
room  of  the  Palmer  House,  on  Monday  evening,  November  24th. 
The  great  experience  of  General  Norton  in  exposition  work,  and 
his  thorough  familiarity  with  the  subject,  assure  an  interesting 
occasion.  Very  respectfully, 

HERVEY  SHELDON,  LEROY  D.  THOMAN, 

Secretary.  President. 

MRS.  PALMER:  If  the  Lady  Managers  will  be  kind  enough  to 
study  the  circular  which  is  printed  on  the  last  page  of  the 
"  sample  "  voucher  which  is  to  be  distributed  this  morning,  and 
will  render  an  account  of  their  expenditures  according  to  the 
instructions  contained  in  said  circular,  and  covering  the  expendi- 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  65 

tures  en  route  to  Chicago,  I  will  have  their  vouchers  completed  by 
adding  the  proper  amount  due  for  subsistence,  and  an  amount 
equal  to  the  expenditure  incurred  in  coming  here  to  cover  the 
expense  of  returning  home.  The  vouchers,  when  completed, 
approved,  and  sworn  to,  as  the  law  requires,  will  be  paid  by  check 
on  the  Assistant  United  States  Treasurer  at  Chicago.  I  will  be 
in  attendance  in  this  building  with  a  notary  public  and  disburs- 
ing clerk,  and  will  give  any  further  information  which  may  be 
required.  Very  respectfully, 

FRED  BRACKETT, 
Chief  Clerk  United  States  Treasury  Department. 

The  Secretary  expressed  her  thanks  in  the  following  address, 
for  her  election  the  previous  day: 

LADIES:  The  hour  was  late  yesterday  when  my  election  was 
announced,  and  each  and  all  were  weary  with  the  long  day,  so 
that  1  did  not  feel  equal  to  the  effort  of  thanking  you  for  the 
confidence  you  had  exhibited  toward  me,  nor  of  expressing  in 
fitting  terms  my  appreciation  of  your  indorsement.  Permit  me 
this  morning  to  voice  my  thanks. 

St.  Louis  was  no  mean  competitor  for  the  site  of  the  World's 
Fair,  and  she  felt  sorely  grieved  at  first  over  the  victory  that 
Chicago  had  obtained,  but  I  think  your  action  yesterday  will  go 
far  toward  healing  the  grievance.  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  greet 
each  other  in  this  Board;  henceforth  may  there  be  peace  between 
them.  We  women  cemented  the  bond  of  union,  and  in  token 
thereof,  I  give  you,  Mrs.  Palmer,  the  right  hand  of  fellowship. 

As  a  new  and  untried  deliberative  body,  you  have  shown 
your  mettle  from  the  first,  in  what  is  styled  in  racing  parlance 
"the  starting  pole."  You  elected  a  President,  not  in  the  disor- 
ganized method  of  autocratic  majority  dictation,  by  acclamation; 
but,  in  the  dignified  calmness  of  thoughtful  consideration,  you 
presented  your  choice  through  the  ballot-box. 

A  woman  of  gentle  birth  and  high  breeding  accentuates  to 
the  world  your  calibre,  one  to  whom  all  our  hearts  turned  in 
instantaneous  allegiance,  and  around  whom  we  will  center  all  of 
our  strength  in  the  future,  until  we  shall  be  known  as  the  invin- 
cible phalanx  marching  toward  a  magnificent  perfection  of  beauty 
and  light  for  the  world,  in  1892. 


66  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

When,  in  the  days  of  chivalry,  the  knight-errant  went  forth  to 
conflict,  he  pledged  his  fealty  on  bended  knee  before  some  gentle 
dame  or  dove-eyed  maiden,  from  whose  hands  he  received  the 
standard  of  colors,  or  the  love-knot  of  unswerving  devotion.  We, 
to-day,  yield  obeisance  to  our  leader,  and  under  the  starry  banner 
of  the  glorious  blue,  the  white,  the  red,  join  hands  with  the  illus- 
trious living  and  the  immortal  dead  to  make  this  the  crowning 
jubilee  of  all  centennials. 

But,  unlike  the  knight  of  old,  who  went  forth  to  shed  blood, 
we,  with  our  brothers,  march  onward  to  show  forth  the  arts  of 
peace,  a  united  sisterhood  of  States,  moving  toward  the  future, 
not  to  destroy,  but  to  fulfill  the  gentle  law  of  love  toward  human- 
ity, with  justice  on  our  banners,  truth  in  our  hearts,  and  devotion 
to  the  loftiest  principles  of  right. 

A  noble  vanguard  of  women  is  here  delegated  by  legislative 
authority,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  modern  nations,  to 
formulate  with  man  a  pageant  of  introspection  and  retrospection 
of  the  arts,  sciences,  and  industries,  unified  and  developed  under 
the  benign  protection  of  the  law  of  liberty. 

The  nations  of  the  earth,  by  invitation,  will  here  look  upon 
this  noble  picture  of  a  fair  land,  blossoming  as  the  rose  from  out 
the  centuries  of  growth  toward  the  freedom  of  the  golden  rule, 
and  risen  out  of  the  wilderness  of  the  dry  bones  of  despotism  to 
point  the  moral  of  a  republic  free  from  the  menace  of  the  sword 
or  the  demoralization  of  a  standing  army. 

The  sentinels  of  great  ideas  which  have  kept  lonely  vigil 
across  the  mountain  tops  of  the  cruel  ages  to  man,  in  this  review 
call  to  the  prototype  of  Liberty,  "  What  of  the  night,  O  woman, 
thou  who  for  the  testimony  of  truth  hast  borne  universal 
reproach?"  and  Columbia,  from  the  dome  of  our  magnificent 
temple  of  Liberty  on  yonder  Capitol  Hill,  makes  answer, 
"Behold,  the  morning  cometh;  the  priestess  of  this  temple,  Peace, 
advances — make  way  and  sing  paeans  for  evermore." 

And  we,  to-day,  as  helpers  with  man,  are  to  formulate  this 
divine  symphony. 

In  your  choice  of  Secretary  you  displayed  clear  grit  straight 
through  the  contest;  a  strength  of  purpose  seldom  witnessed, 
even  in  long  and  well-drilled  masculine  organizations,  was  exhib- 
ited by  you  in  this. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  67 

It  was  said  of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Miller,  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  that  he  possessed  that  luminous  instinct 
of  common  sense  which  the  homely  Socrates  flashed  upon  the 
tangled  problems  of  his  day;  that  no  fallacies  curtained  or 
obscured  from  him  the  crystal  clearness  of  the  simple  truth. 

In  the  face  of  your  deep  prejudices  and  natural  antago- 
nisms, the  result  of  years  of  wrongful  subjection  of  woman's 
thought  and  education,  you  stood  firmly  to  the  common-sense 
apprehension  that  your  Secretary  must  be  one  of  experience  and 
training.  You  recognized  the  fact  that  you  needed,  in  this 
office,  one  whose  knowledge  of  public  affairs  would  enable  your 
organization  to  keep  clear  of  the  entanglement  oftentimes  inci- 
dent to  new  and  untried  bodies,  and  the  distinctive  clearness  of 
this  simple  truth  found  expression  in  your  choice.  I  trust  that 
no  regrets  may  ever  come. 

An  able  French  writer  says,  "  Everywhere  it  is  from  the 
fireside  of  an  enthusiastic  or  political  woman  that  an  age  is  lifted 
up  or  eloquence  bursts  forth.  Always  a  woman  as  the  nurse  of 
genius,  at  the  cradle  of  literature  or  the  birth  of  patriotism." 

The  leading  historian  of  the  events  of  1776,  says,  "We  owe 
all  that  which  we  are  pleased  to  call  distinctively  American  to 
the  genius,  the  activity,  and  the  character  of  woman." 

And  I  predict  that  from  out  this  Section  6,  which  author- 
izes and  incorporates  this  Board  of  Lady  Managers  as  a  part  of 
the  Columbian  Exposition,  woman  will  center  and  punctuate  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  entire  exhibit.  Our  legislators  builded  better 
than  they  knew,  when  in  dubious  language  they  said,  "  This  Board 
may  appoint  one  or  more  members  of  all  committees  authorized 
to  award  prizes  for  exhibits  which  may  be  produced  in  whole  or 
in  part  by  female  labor."  Look  where  you  will,  there  is  nothing 
in  the  whole  range  of  the  universe  but  that  is  covered  by  this 
expansive  and  all-embracing  phraseology.  Section  6,  in  com- 
mon parlance,  "  scoops  "  the  whole  Act  of  Congress. 

Woman,  as  prime  factor  in  the  creation  and  production  of 
that  greatest  of  all  industrial  exhibits — man  himself,  and  the 
human  race  included — starts  out  at  the  head  of  this  procession  as 
the  ranking  labor  genius  of  the  whole  industrial  panorama.  In 
art,  science,  literature,  industry,  manufactures,  she  stands  as  the 


68  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ideal  representative  of  these  ennobling  characteristics  throughout 
the  ages. 

When  the  merchant  ships  from  across  the  seas,  laden  with 
their  peace  offering  of  industry,  shall  swing  into  the  harbor  of 
New  York,  lo !  the  majestic  figure  of  woman,  the  sentinel 
at  the  gateway  of  this  Nation,  holding  aloft  the  electric  torch 
of  Liberty,  will  salute  them  at  the  port  with,  "  Advance,  and 
give  the  countersign  of  freedom."  When,  from  the  great 
marts  of  trade,  the  traveler  will  come  from  the  East  and  West, 
the  North  and  the  South,  to  look  upon  the  majesty  of  our  Capitol 
at  Washington,  at  its  eastern  portico  he  will  find  Justice  guard- 
ing the  entrance,  Law  within  the  shadow  of  the  judicial  court- 
room, Liberty  crowning  the  dome,  and  Peace,  attended  by  Faith, 
Hope,  and  Charity,  upon  its  western  slope,  all  prefigured  by  and 
through  woman.  When  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  he 
enters  the  beautiful  temples  dedicated  to  art,  science,  literature, 
music,  poetry,  history,  wisdom,  religion,  industry,  lo  !  the  figure 
of  woman  typifies  them  all. 

When  within  the  gates  of  agriculture,  horticulture,  floricult- 
ure, commerce,  navigation,  he  "  views  the  landscape  o'er," 
behold  !  woman  symbolizes  each  and  every  one. 

But,  if  perchance  he  will  gaze  on  the  pomp  and  so-called 
glory  of  a  proposed  military  encampment,  a  proposition  entirely 
antagonistic  to  this  review  of  the  arts  of  peace,  there  he  shall  see 
the  types  of  the  past  subjugation  of  all  the  higher  attributes  repre- 
sented through  man  alone.  War,  death,  and  the  devil  have  come 
down  to  us  symbolized  in  masculine  form,  throughout  the  ages  ; 
but  mythology  and  prophecy  foretell  that  this  trinity  of  evils  to 
the  human  race  is  finally  to  be  overthrown  by  and  through  the 
potentiality  of  woman. 

Minerva,  the  goddess  of  wisdom,  conquered  Mars,  the  great 
god  of  war,  and  buried  him  beneath  seven  acres  of  ground,  a 
burial  that  forever  forbids  his  resurrection.  The  child  of  woman, 
divinely  born,  is  to  conquer  both  Satan  and  death,  and  usher  in  the 
dawn  of  "Peace  on  earth,  good-will  to  man." 

Let  us  then  take  as  our  emblem  the  white  rose  of  the  North 
and  the  sweet  magnolia  of  the  South,  joined  to  the  red,  the 
white,  the  blue,  and,  through  the  hand  of  woman,  invite  the 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  69 

nations  to  "  Behold   how  good  and  pleasant  it  is  for  humanity  to 
dwell  together  in  unity." 

The  Secretary  directed  attention  to  the  pages  in  attendance, 
through  whom  all  resolutions  could  be  sent  by  the  members  to 
the  desk. 

The  Chair  called  for  the  report  of  committees. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Conference, 
asked  for  further  time  to  prepare,  as  the  members  had  not,  as 
yet,  been  called  together. 

The  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  Mrs.  Hooker, 
Chairman,  was  called,  and  asking  for  a  few  moments  more  of 
time,  the  Board  listened  to  the  recommendations  of  prominent 
connoisseurs  on  art,  in  behalf  of  Miss  Sara  T.  Hallowell,  of 
Philadelphia,  as  Art  Director  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion of  1893,  and  at  the  close  the  following  preamble  and  reso- 
lutions were  presented  by  Mrs.  Reed,  of  Maryland: 

WHEREAS,  Miss  Sara  T.  Hallowell,  of  Philadelphia,  has  been 
warmly  and  universally  recommended  by  the  great  collectors, 
artists,  and  directors  of  fine  art  museums  of  our  country,  as 
being  eminently  qualified  to  fill  the  position  of  Fine  Art  Director 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition;  and 

WHEREAS,  It  has  been  represented  that  her  sex  is  being 
urged  as  a  disqualification  for  this  office  by  some  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Fine  Arts,  who  at  the  same  time  concede  that  the  same 
eminently  satisfactory  indorsement  for  any  man  would  insure  his 
appointment  to  this  office,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Lady  Managers  of  this  Commission 
respectfully  ask  that  the  gentlemen  of  the  Art  Committee  will 
not  make  sex  a  disqualification  and  thereby  take  action  con- 
trary to  the  spirit  of  the  age  and  inconsistent  with  the  inten- 
tion of  Congress,  as  expressed  by  its  legislation  in  reference  to 
this  great  work;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  this  resolution  and  request  be  sent 
to  the  Chairman  of  the  Fine  Art  Committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition. 

Resolutions  seconded  and  adopted. 


70  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Briggs,  Nebraska,  moved  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be  ten- 
dered to  the  proprietors  of  the  Auditorium  Theatre  for  their 
magnificent  presentation  on  the  boards  of  that  theatre  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  submitted  the  following  resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  voice  of  this  Woman's  Board  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  that  the  honor  of  the  American 
Sunday  shall  be  preserved  by  the  closing  of  the  Exposition  for 
barter  and  exchange  on  that  day. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  requested  Mrs.  Lucas  to  withdraw 
her  resolution  until  after  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organiza- 
tion had  reported,  to  which  Mrs.  Lucas  agreed. 

The  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  through  Mrs. 
Hooker,  Chairman,  submitted  the  following  report: 

In  order  that  you  may  understand  the  report  of  this  Com- 
mittee, allow  me  to  state  that  every  member  of  this  Commission 
should  be  provided  with  the  official  manual  of  the  gentlemen's 
Commission,  because  our  report  has  constant  reference  to  this 
manual,  and  we  shall  be  compelled,  in  order  to  transact  our  busi- 
ness under  their  direction,  to  become  familiar  with  the  methods 
laid  down  in  this  manual. 

"  i.  The  rules  of  order  and  procedure  of  this  Board  shall  be 
the  same  as  those  adopted  by  the  Commission,  to  be  found  on 
page  153  of  the  Official  Manual,  which  reads  as  follows  : 

RULES  OF  ORDER  AND  PROCEDURE  FOR  SESSIONS  OF  THE  BOARD 
OF  LADY  MANAGERS. 

Touching  the  Duties  of  the  President. 

1.  She  shall  take  the  Chair  every  day,  precisely  at  the  hour 
to  which  the  Board  shall  stand  adjourned,  and  on  the  appearance 
of  a  quorum  shall  cause  the  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  to  be 
read. 

2.  She   shall    preserve  decorum   and    order;  may  speak  to 
points  of  order  in  preference  to  Lady  Managers  on  the  floor, 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  71 

rising  from  her  chair  for  that  purpose.  She  shall  decide  ques- 
tions of  order,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  Board  on  request  of 
any  two  Lady  Managers. 

3.  She  may  state  a  question  sitting,  but  shall  rise  to  put  a 
question  to  the  vote  of  the  Board. 

4.  Questions  shall  be  distinctly  put  in  this  form,  viz.:  "All 
you  who  are  of  opinion  that  (as  the  question,  may  be),  say  'Aye.' 
You  of  the  contrary  opinion,  say  'No.'"     If  the  presiding  offi- 
cer doubt,  or  a  division  be  called  for,  the   Board   shall   divide; 
those  in  the  affirmative  shall  first  rise  from  their  seats,  and  after- 
ward those  in  the  negative.     If  the  presiding  officer  still  doubt, 
or  a  count  be  required,  the  presiding  officer  shall  name  two  Lady 
Managers,  one  from  each  side,  to  tell  those  in  the  affirmative  and 
the  negative;  and  the  result  being  reported,  she  shall  rise  and 
state  the  decision  to  the  Board.     And  on  every  vote  there  shall 
be  a  call  of  the  ayes  and  noes  when  demanded  by  five   Lady 
Managers. 

5.  The  presiding  officer  may  examine  and  correct  the  Jour- 
nal before  it  is  read. 

6.  In  case  of  any  disturbance  or  disorderly  conduct  in  the 
galleries  or  lobbies,  the  presiding   officer  shall  have  power  to 
order  the  same  to  be  cleared. 

Order  of  Business. 

7.  As  soon  as  the  Journal  is  read  and  approved,  the  presid- 
ing officer  shall  call  for  communications   and   memorials.     The 
same  having  been  presented  and  disposed  of,  reports,  first  from 
the  standing  and  then  from  select  committees,  shall  be  called  for; 
next,  motions  and  resolutions;  and  if  on  any  day  the  whole  of 
the  committees  have  not  been  called,  or,  being  called,  shall  not 
have  finished  their  reports,  or   any  report  shall   not   have  been 
disposed  of,  the  presiding   officer,  on   the   next   day,  shall  com- 
mence where  she  left  off  on  the  preceding  day,  and  so  on  until 
all  are  called. 

Decorum  and  Order. 

8.  When  a  Lady  Manager  is  about  to  speak  in  debate  or 
deliver    any    matter    to    the  Board,    she  shall    rise    from    her 
seat  and  respectfully  address  herself  to  "  Mrs.  President,"  and, 


72  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

being  recognized  by  the  presiding  officer,  may  proceed,  but 
shall  confine  herself  to  the  question  under  debate,  and  avoid 
personal  itiesi 

9.  If  any  Lady  Manager,  in  speaking,  or  otherwise,  trans- 
gress the  rules  of  the  Board,  the  presiding  officer  shall,  or  any 
member   may,  call  her  to  order;  in  which  case  the  member  so 
called  to  order  shall  immediately  sit  down,  unless  permitted  to 
explain;  and  the  Board,  if  appealed  to,  shall  decide  on  the  case;  if 
there  be  no  appeal,  the  decision  of  the  presiding  officer  shall  be 
submitted  to.     If  the  decision  be  in  favor  of  the  Lady  Manager 
called  to  order,  she  shall  be  at  liberty  to  proceed;  if  otherwise, 
she  shall  not  be  at  liberty  to  proceed  without  leave  of  the  Board; 
and  if  the  case  require  it,  she  shall  be  liable  to  the  censure  of 
the  Board. 

10.  If  a  Lady  Manager  be  called  to  order  by  another  for 
words  spoken  in  debate,  the  exceptional  words  shall  be  immedi- 
ately  taken  down  in  writing  by  the  Secretary,  that  the  presiding 
officer  may  be  better  able  to  judge  of  the  matter. 

11.  When  two  or  more  Lady  Managers  rise  at  once,  the 
presiding  officer  shall  name  the  Lady  Manager  who  first  addressed 
the  Chair  as  the  one  entitled  to  the  floor. 

12.  No  Lady  Manager  shall  speak  more  than  twice  to  the 
same  question  without  leave  of  the  Board,  nor  more  than  once 
until  every  Lady  Manager  choosing  to  speak  shall  have  spoken. 
But  the  Chairman  of  a  Committee  reporting,  or  the  mover  of  the 
pending  resolution  or  proposition,  shall  have  the  right  to  conclude 
the  debate. 

13.  While  the  presiding  officer  is  putting  any  question  or 
addressing  the  Board,  none  shall  walk  out  or  across  the  chamber; 
nor  when  a  Lady  Manager  is  speaking  shall  any  other  entertain 
private  discourse  or  pass  between  her  and  the  Chair. 

14.  No  Lady  Manager  shall  vote  on  any  question  in  the 
event  of  which  she  is  immediately  or  particularly  interested,  or 
in  any  case  where  she  was  not  present  when  the  question  was 
put,  unless  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Board. 

15.  Every  Lady  Manager  who  shall  be  present  when  the 
question  is  put  shall  give  her  vote,  unless  the  Board,  for  special 
reasons,  or  the  presiding  officer,   upon  being  satisfied  that  the 
motion  or  request  is  made  for  dilatory  purposes,  shall  excuse  her. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  73 

1 6.  When  a  motion  is  made  and  seconded,  it  shall  be  stated 
by  the  presiding  officer,  or,  being  in  writing,  shall  be  handed  to 
the  Chair,  and  read  aloud  by  the  Clerk,  before  debated. 

17.  Every  motion  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,  if  the  presid- 
ing officer  or  any  Lady  Manager  desire  it. 

1 8.  After  a  motion  is  stated  by  the  presiding  officer,  or  read 
by  the  Clerk,    it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  in  the  possession  of  the 
Board,  but  may  be  withdrawn,  if  there  be  no  objection,  at  any 
time  before  a  decision  or  amendment. 

Dignity  and  Privilege  of  Questions. 

19.  When  a  question  is  under  debate,  no  motion  shall  be 
received  but  to  fix  the  time  to  which  the  Board  shall  adjourn,  to 
adjourn,  to  lie  on  the  table,  for  the  previous  question,  to  post- 
pone to  a  day  certain,  to  commit,  or  to  postpone  indefinitely, 
which  several   motions  shall  have  precedence  in  the  order  in 
which  they  are  arranged. 

20.  When  a  motion  is  made  to  refer  any  subject,  and  differ- 
ent committees  are  named,  the  question  shall  be  taken  in  the 
following   order:     i.     To  a  Committee   of   the  Whole.     2.     A 
Standing  Committee.     3.     A  Select  Committee. 

21.  A  motion  to  adjourn  shall  always  be  in  order:  that,  and 
the  motion  to  lie  on  the  table,  to  suspend  the  rules,  and  for  the 
previous  question,  shall  be  decided  without  debate. 

22.  The   previous  question  being  moved  and  seconded  by 
not  less  than  ten  Lady  Managers,  the  question  from  the  Chair 
shall  be,  "  Shall  the  main  question  be  now  put  ?"  and  if  the  nays 
prevail,  the  main  question  shall  not  then  be  put.     But  a  refusal 
to   order  the  previous   question  shall  not  bar  the  Board  from 
forthwith  proceeding  to  the  consideration  of  the  subject.     The 
effects  of  the  previous   question   shall  be  to  put  an  end  to  all 
debate  (except  that  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  reporting, 
or  the  mover  of  the  pending  resolution  or  motion,  may  occupy 
not  more  than  twenty  (20)  minutes  in  concluding   the  debate 
after  such   order)    and  bring  the  Board  to  a  direct  vote  upon 
amendments  offered,  or  read  for  information,  before  ordering  the 
previous  question,  and  then  upon  the  main  question.     After  the 
previous  question  has  been  ordered,  and  until  it  shall  have  been 


74  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

exhausted,  no  motion  shall  be  allowed  by  the  presiding  officer, 
except  one  motion  to  adjourn  and  to  fix  the  time  to  which  the 
Board  shall  adjourn.  A  second  motion  for  the  previous  ques- 
tion shall  not  be  in  order  on  the  same  day  upon  the  same  ques- 
tion, at  the  same  stage  thereof. 

23.  When  a  question  is  postponed    indefinitely,   the   same 
shall  not  be  acted  on  again  during  the  session. 

24.  Any  Lady  Manager  may  call  for  a  division  of  the  ques- 
tion, which  shall  be  divided,   if    it  comprehends  questions  so 
distinct  that,  one  being  taken  away,  the  rest  may  stand  entire  for 
the  decision  of  the  Board;  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  shall 
be  deemed  divisible.     But  a  motion  to  strike  out  being  lost,  shall 
preclude  neither  amendment  nor  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert. 
Nor  shall  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  one  thing,  being  lost, 
preclude  a  motion  to  strike  out  and  insert  a  different  thing. 

25.  Motions  and  reports  on  any  subject  may  be  committed 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  Board: 

26.  A  motion  to  postpone  or  commit  an  amendment,  thereby 
to  separate  it  from  the  main  question,  shall  not  be  in  order. 

27. -  No  motion  to  reconsider  any  vote  given  shall  be  made, 
unless  within  two  days  (Sunday  excepted)  after  such  vote  was 
given,  unless  a  majority  of  three-fourths  present  concur  therein; 
and  the  motion  to  reconsider  shall  be  a  privileged  motion,  and 
must  be  made  by  a  Lady  Manager  who  voted  with  the  prevailing 
side. 

28.  No   motion  or  proposition    different    from   that   under 
consideration  shall  be  admitted  under  color  of  amendment. 

29.  When  a  paper  is  first  presented  to  the  Board,  it  shall  be 
a  matter  of  right  in  any  Lady  Manager  to  have  it  read  before 
the  Board  shall  vote  upon  it.     If  the  paper  has  been  once  read, 
or  the  reading  dispensed  with,  and  the  reading  be  again  required 
and  objected  to,  it  shall  be  determined  by  a  vote  of  the  Board. 

30.  The  unfinished  business  in  which  the  Board  was  engaged 
at  the  last  preceding  adjournment  shall  have  the  preference  in 
that  class  of  business  to  which  it  appropriately  belongs;  and  no 
motion,  or  any  other  business,  unless  a  privileged  one,  shall  be 
received  without  special  leave  of  the  Board,  until  the  former  is 
disposed  of. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  75 

31.  The  standing  rules  of  the  Board,  and  the  regular  order 
of  business,  shall  not  be  suspended  or  interrupted,  unless  by  a 
vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Lady  Managers  present. 

32.  Communications,  memorials,  and  other  papers,  addressed 
to  the   Board,  shall  be  presented  by  the   presiding   officer,  or 
by  a  member  in  her  place;    a  brief  statement  of   the  contents 
thereof  shall  be  verbally  made  by  the  introducer  before  received 
or  disposed  of. 

33.  Upon  call  of  the  Board  to  take  the  yeas  and  nays  on 
any  question,  the  names  of  the  Lady  Managers-at-Large  shall 
first  be  called  in  alphabetical  order;  then  the  Lady  Managers  of 
the  States  in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the  States;  then  the  Lady 
Managers  of  the   Territories   in   the   alphabetical   order  of  the 
Territories,  and  then  the  Lady  Managers  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia.    The  ayes  and  noes  shall  not  be  ordered  unless  upon  the 
demand  of  five  (5)  Lady  Managers. 

34.  No  committee  shall  sit  during  the  sitting  of  the  Board 
without  special  leave. 

35.  All  questions  of  order  shall  be  noted  by  the  Clerk  upon 
the  Journal,  with  a  decision  thereon  when  an  appeal  shall  be 
taken. 

36.  All  questions  relating  to  the  order  of  business  to  be 
acted  upon  shall  be  decided  without  debate. 

37.  Every  motion  to  alter,  change,  or  add  to  the  standing 
rules  of  the  Board  shall  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules, 
By-Laws,  and  Regulations;  and  all  resolutions  presented  shall 
be  disposed  of  by  the  Board,  unless  postponed,  referred,  or  com- 
mitted to  a  committee. 

38.  An  order  to  lay  on  the  table  an  amendment  or  substi- 
tute shall  not  carry  with  it  the  original  proposition  or  motion. 

Quorum. 

39.  A  quorum  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  a  majority  of 
the  Lady  Managers,  but  the  alternates  representing  absent  Lady 
Managers  shall  be  counted  as  Lady  Managers. 

"  2.  The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  be  a  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  whose  title  shall  be  President  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers;  six  Vice-Presidents,  whose  titles  shall 


76  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

be  first,  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth;  a  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  who  shall  perform  the  usual  duties  incident  to  those 
offices. 

"3.  There  shall  be  twelve  Standing  Committees,  to  corre- 
spond with  the  departments  prepared  by  the  Committee  on  Classi- 
fication (to  be  found  on  page  5  of  the  pamphlet  on  Classifica- 
tion) which  reads  as  follows — 

A — Agriculture,  Forest    Products  and    Forestry,    Machinery 
and  Appliances. 

B — Viticulture,  Horticulture,  Floriculture. 

C — Live  Stock,  Domestic  and  Wild  Animals. 

D — Fish,  Fisheries,  Fish  Products,  and  Apparatus  of  Fishing. 

E — Mine,  Mining,  Metallurgy. 

F — Machinery. 

G — Transportation,  Railways,  Vessels,  Vehicles. 

H — Manufactures. 

I — Electricity. 

K — Fine  Arts. 

L — Education,    Engineering,    Public   Works,    Architecture,. 
Music  and  Drama. 

M — Ethnology,  Archaeology,  Progress  of   Labor,  and  Inven- 
tion. 

Who  shall  have  power  to  elect  a  member  to  represent  them  on 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

"  4.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  composed  of 
twenty-six  members,  with  a  Chairman  of  its  own  election.  Its- 
members  shall  consist  of  the  President  and  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  ex-officio,  and  of  the  twelve  members 
of  the  Standing  Committees  chosen  by  them  to  serve  on  this 
Committee,  and  of  such  others  as  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
may  choose  to  elect  from  their  own  number,  such  election  to  be 
by  ballot.  ISABELLA  B.  HOOKER, 

Chairman" 

Mrs.  Eagle  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report,  section  by 
section.  Seconded  and  carried. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer),  inquired  if  the  Board  was  ready 
for  the  discussion,  and  the  Board  so  deciding,  Mrs.  Hooker,. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  77 

Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  read  the 
report  section  by  section: 

SECTION  i.  The  rules  of  order  and  procedure  of  this 
Board  shall  be  the  same  as  those  adopted  by  the  Commission,  to 
be  found  on  page  153  of  the  Official  Manual. 

Moved  that  the  first  section  of  the  report  be  adopted.  Sec- 
onded and  adopted. 

SEC.  2.  The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  be  a  Chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  whose  title  shall  be  President  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers;  six  Vice-Presidents,  whose  titles 
shall  be  first,  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth;  a  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  who  shall  perform  the  usual  duties  incident  to 
those  offices. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  moved  that  the  number  of  Vice- 
Presidents  be  increased  to  eight,  one  to  represent  each  of 
the  following  sections  :  The  first  section  to  include  the  New 
England  States  ;  the  second  section  to  include  New  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, New  Jersey,  and  Delaware  ;  the  third  section  to  include 
the  States  of  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Indiana,  and 
Ohio  ;  the  next  section  to  include  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin, 
Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Kansas;  the  next  to  include  Missouri,  Ar- 
kansas, Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Oklahoma;  then  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Florida; 
then  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  Arizona, 
Utah,  and  District  of  Columbia;  and,  lastly,  California,  Colorado, 
Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada,  and  Oregon. 

Mrs.  Thatcher  seconded  Mrs.  Felton's  amendment. 

After  protracted  debate,  Mrs.  Felton's  motion  was  adopted — 
49  ayes  and  33  noes. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent 
Organization,  stated  that  the  second  section  having  been  amended 
and  the  amendment  adopted,  the  Board  would  now  vote  on 
the  section  as  a  whole. 

SEC.  2.     The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  be  a  Chairman  of  the 


78  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Board  of  Lady  Managers,  whose  title  shall  be  President  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers;  eight  Vice-Presidents,  whose  titles 
shall  be  first,  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth; 
a  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  perform  the  usual  duties 
incident  to  those  offices. 

Moved  that  Section  2,  as  amended,  be  adopted  as  a  whole. 
Seconded  and  adopted. 

SEC.  3.  There  shall  be  twelve  Standing  Committees,  to 
correspond  with  the  departments  prepared  by  the  Committee  on 
Classification,  which  reads  as  follows: 

A — Agriculture,  Forest  Products  and  Forestry,  Machinery 
and  Appliances. 

B — Viticulture,  Horticulture,  Floriculture. 

C — Live  Stock,  Domestic  and  Wild  Animals. 

D — Fish,  Fisheries,  Fish  Products,  and  Apparatus  of  Fishing. 

E — Mine,  Mining,  Metallurgy. 

F — Machinery. 

G — Transportation,  Railways,  Vessels,  Vehicles. 

H — Manufactures. 

I — Electricity. 

K — Fine  Arts. 

L — Education,    Engineering,    Public  Works,    Architecture, 
Music,  and  Drama. 

M — Ethnology,  Archaeology,  Progress  of  Labor,  and  Inven- 
tion. 

Who  shall  have  power  to  elect  a  member  to  represent  them 
on  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Moved  that  Section  3  be  adopted.     Seconded  and  adopted. 

SEC.  4.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  composed 
of  twenty-six  members,  with  a  Chairman  of  its  own  election.  Its 
members  shall  consist  of  the  President  and  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  ex-officio,  and  of  the  twelve  members 
of  the  Standing  Committees  chosen  by  them  to  serve  on  this 
Committee,  and  of  such  others  as  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
may  choose  to  elect  from  their  own  number,  such  election  to  be 
by  ballot. 

Moved  and  seconded  that  Section  4  be  adopted. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  79 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  amendment : 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be  constituted  as 
indicated  in  the  report  for  the  twelve  Committees,  but  the  whole 
number  shall  be  seventeen,  five  to  be  appointed  by  the  Chair. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  moved  that  Section  4  be  amended 
by  inserting  the  word  "  appoint." 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana:  My  amendment,  which  is  before  the 
Board,  is  a  judicious  compromise.  I  concede  to  the  Executive 
Committee  a  partial  election  from  the  Committees,  reserving  for 
the  President,  however,  the  power  to  appoint.  The  Board  has 
assumed  a  great  and  serious  task  when  it  undertakes  to  elect  the 
Standing  Committees.  In  the  other  Commission  the  President 
appointed  the  Standing  Committees. 

Mrs.  Hooker  explained  that  Section  3  did  not  say  how 
the  Committees  were  to  be  constituted.  It  simply  provided  that 
the  Board  would  have  them.  Mrs.  Hooker,  for  the  full  informa- 
tion of  the  members,  again  read  Section  3: 

SEC.  3.  There  shall  be  twelve  Standing  Committees,  to  cor- 
respond with  the  departments  prepared  by  the  Committee  on 
Classification  (to  be  found  on  page  5  of  the  pamphlet  on  Classi- 
fication), who  shall  have  power  to  elect  a  member  to  represent 
them  on  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana:  I  withdraw  my  resolution — I  mis- 
understood. 

Board  adjourned  for  recess  until  2:30  p.  M. 


The  Board  was  called  to  order  at  2:30  p.  M.,  the  presiding 
officer  (Mrs.  Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

A  quorum  was  announced  by  the  Secretary. 

Chair:  The  question  before  the  house  when  we  adjourned 
was  the  discussion  of  Section  4  of  the  report  of  the  Committee 
on  Permanent  Organization. 


80  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  submitted  the 
first  clause  of  Section  4: 

SEC.  4.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  composed 
of  twenty-six  members. 

Motion  to  adopt  seconded  and  adopted. 

Second  clause  read: 

"With  a  Chairman  of  its  own  election." 

Resolution  of  Miss  Ford,  of  New  York,  read  by  the  Secretary: 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be  composed  of 
twenty-six  members,  eight  of  which  are  to  be  Vice-Presidents  and 
the  balance  to  be  named  by  the  Chair." 

(Cries  of  "  Out  of  order.") 

After  considerable  discussion  the  previous  question  was 
moved  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  which  was  sustained. 

Motion  put  by  the  President.  A  division  was  called  for,  which 
resulted  in  the  loss  of  the  motion,  and  the  Chair  announced  that 
the  second  clause  of  Section  4,  "With  a  Chairman  of  its  own 
election,"  was  lost. 

The  Chair  announced  the  following  communication  from 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commis- 
sion: 

MRS.  POTTER  PALMER,  Chairman  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
World's  Columbian  Exposition: 

DEAR  MADAM:  I  am  directed  by  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission  to  inform  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  that  the  following  members  of  the  Executive 
Committee  have  been  appointed  as  a  Sub-Committee  of  the 
Executive  Committee  to  confer  with  the  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  in  regard  to  the  duties  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers: 

Governor  R.  W.  Furnas,  Nebraska,  Chairman;  Hiram 
Atkins,  Vermont;  Reese  R.  Price,  Kansas;  Thomas  L.  Williams, 
Tennessee;  James  D.  Butt,  West  Virginia;  R.  L.  Saunders,  Mis- 
sissippi. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  81 

This  Committee  will  call  at  4  o'clock  this  afternoon  at  Kins- 
ley's Hall  and  meet  the  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers. I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON, 

Secretary. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  notified  the  Committee  on  Confer- 
ence, appointed  Thursday,  the  aoth,  that  a  room  on  the  lower 
floor  had  been  designated  for  the  use  of  the  joint  committees. 

The  consideration  of  Section  4  of  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Permanent  Organization  was  again  resumed. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  submitted  the 
third  clause: 

Its  members  shall  consist  of  the  President  and  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  ex-officio,  and  of  the  twelve  mem- 
bers of  the  Standing  Committees  chosen  by  them  to  serve  on 
this  Committee. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  requests  that  her  resolution  be  read 
again,  which  is  done: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be  composed  of 
twenty-six  members,  eight  of  which  are  to  be  Vice-Presidents, 
and  the  balance  to  be  named  by  the  Chair.  Not  seconded. 

Mrs.  Wise,  Virginia:  I  move  this  matter  be  all  referred  to  a 
committee.  Not  seconded. 

Mrs.  Ryan   Texas,  offered  the  following  amendment: 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  of  twenty-six  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  President. 

Mrs.  Ryan's  amendment  was  seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut .  We  as  a  committee  wish  to  be 
discharged  from  service,  unless  you  wish  us  to  serve  you  again, 
and  put  the  report  in  the  form  you  have  voted  it,  and  add  other 
recommendations. 

Mrs.  Bagley,  Michigan  (at-large):  Our  report  was  only 
partly  done,  and  the  section  in  regard  to  the  Executive  Committee 
had  better  be  reconsidered  by  the  Board. 


82  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  stated  that  while  the  amended 
clause  of  Section  4  was  adopted,  the  section  as  a  whole  was  not 
adopted,  and  the  Board  would  then  vote  on  the  entire  section, 
which,  amended,  read  as  follows: 

Section  4  as  amended:  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Com- 
mittee composed  of  twenty-six (26)  members;  that  the  Committee 
of  twenty-six  (26)  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President. 

The  motion  to  adopt  Section  4  as  amended  was  seconded 
and  carried. 

The  Chair:  As  some  of  the  clauses  of  this  report  have  been 
lost  and  the  report  will  have  to  be  brought  to  us  again  in  order 
that  the  wishes  of  the  ladies  may  be  more  properly  expressed,  I 
would  like  to  hear  from  the  ladies  as  to  the  further  duties  of  the 
Committee. 

Mrs.  Mulligan,  Chicago,  moved  that  the  Committee  on 
Permanent  Organization  be  discharged  with  thanks.  Seconded, 
and  lost. 

Motion  was  made  that  the  Committee  be  not  discharged, 
but  instructed  to  bring  back  the  whole  report  as  revised.  Sec- 
onded and  carried. 

A  further  motion  was  made  that  the  Board  express  its  grati- 
tude to  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization  for  the  able 
manner  in  which  it  had  performed  the  duties  assigned  to  it,  in 
view  of  the  limited  time  given.  Seconded  and  carried. 

Miss  Beck,  Florida,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  our  daily  sessions  shall  be  from  10  A.  M.  to  i 
p.  M.,  and  from  2 :3o  p.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  following  invitation  from  the  Queen  Isabella  Associa- 
tion was  read: 

To  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers:  You  are  cordially  invited 
to  attend  a  special  meeting  of  the  Queen  Isabella  Association  to- 
morrow (Saturday)  afternoon,  at  4  o'clock,  in  the  club-room  of 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  83 

the  Palmer  House.     Harriet  Hosmer  and  a  number  of  the  Vice- 
Presidents  will  be  present  and  will  address  the  Association. 

FRANCES  DICKINSON,  Secretary. 

Resolution  of  Mrs.  Albright,  New  Mexico,  read  by  the  Sec- 
retary, as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  the  Chairman  appoint  a  Committee  of  three 
to  procure  a  better  room  for  the  Commission.  The  ventilation 
at  the  rear  of  the  room  is  very  poor,  and  when  the  windows  are 
open  the  noise  from  the  street  is  so  great  that  we  can  not  hear. 

Resolution  laid  on  the  table. 

On  motion,  the  Board  adjourned  until  10  A.  M.,  Saturday, 
November  azd. 


84  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


OFFICIAL   RECORD 

OF     THE 

Board  of   Lady  Managers 

OF      THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session — Fourth  Day,  Saturday,  Nov.  22,  1890. 

The  Board  convened  pursuant  to  adjournment,  the  presiding 
officer  (Mrs.  Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  H.  M.  Barker,  South  Dakota. 
ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal,  Miss 
Ellen  A.  Ford;  Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  District  of 
Columbia,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J. 
Bagley;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas,  Mrs.  Rosine 
Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  T.  Hund- 
ley, Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle, 
Mrs.  Wm.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P. 
Rue,  Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson, 
Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs. 
Isabella  Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  Richards  Kin- 
der, Mrs.  J.  Frank  Ball;  Florida,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell,  Miss  E. 
Nellie  Beck;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs.  Charles  H. 
Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan,  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  86 

Farnum,  alternate;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs. 
Frances  W.  Shepard;  Indiana,  Miss  Wilhelmine  Reitz,  Mrs.  Vir- 
ginia C.  Meredith;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora  Eliza- 
beth Miller;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hester  A. 
Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Cora  D. 
Payne;  Louisiana,  Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine 
Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  H. 
Locke,  alternate;  Maryland,  Mrs.  William  Reed,  Mrs.  Alex. 
Thomson;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  C.  Angell;  Minnesota, 
Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hulbert,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs. 
James  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  John  M.  Stone;  Missouri,  Miss  Phoebe  W. 
Couzins,  LL.  B.,  Miss  Lillian  M.  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  John 
S.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Eliza 
M.  Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs. 
Mira  B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary  E. 
Busselle,  Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Smith,  alternate;  New  York,  Mrs.  Ralph 
Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles  Price,  Mrs.  Sallie  S. 
Cotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Walter  Hart- 
pence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Payton ;  Pennsylvania, 
Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless,  Mrs.  Harriet  Anne  Lucas; 
Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Char- 
lotte Field  Dailey;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston 
Darby,  Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Brayton;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John 
R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen  Morton  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs. 
Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  Loving 
Turner,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Cotten;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  V.  Grinnell;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John  S.  Wise,  Mrs. 
K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Melissa  D.  Owings,  Mrs.  Alice 
Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W.  Newton  Linch,  Miss  Lily 
Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty,  Mrs.  Wm.  P. 
Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale. 


86  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Miss  Lauretta 
Lovell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs. 
Franc  Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs. 
Marie  P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas 
A.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Lewis,  Mrs. 
James  A.  Mulligan,  Mrs.  M.  H.  Ten  Eyck,  alternate;  Mrs.  M.  R. 
M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr., 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse. 

The  following  communication  from  Secretary  Dickinson,  of 
the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  was  received: 

MRS.  POTTER    PALMER,  Chairman  Board  of    Lady   Managers, 

World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

DEAR  MADAM:  I  would  respectfully  request  that  an 
announcement  be  made  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  that  at 
12  o'clock  to-day  a  sufficient  number  of  carriages  will  be  at  Kins- 
ley's to  convey  the  Lady  Managers  and  the  Commissioners  to 
the  South  Side  system  of  parks,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
ladies  an  opportunity  to  inspect  the  site  for  the  World's  Fair. 

All  alternate  Lady  Managers  are  also  invited,  and  I  desire 
personally  to  invite  the  young  ladies  who  have  been  acting  as 
ushers  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  also  the  newspaper 
correspondents  who  have  been  reporting  the  proceedings  of  your 
Board. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON, 

Secretary. 

The  Secretary  was  directed  to  send  a  reply  to  Secretary 
Dickinson  accepting  the  invitation. 

Mrs.  Logan,  member  of  the  Committee  of  Conference, 
moved  that  as  the  Committee  had  to  report  to  the  Executive 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  87 

Committee  on  Monday  at  9  o'clock,  there  be  an  evening  session 
in  case  the  discussion  of  the  report  is  not  completed  by 
12  o'clock. 

Mrs.  Carse  seconded  the  motion;  carried. 

The  Committee  of  Conference  made  the  following  report, 
through  Mrs.  Logan,  Vice-Chairman: 
To  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 

Your  Committee  have  the  honor  to  report  that,  in  compliance 
with  your  instructions,  they  notified  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  World's  Columbian  Commission  of  your  desire  to  receive  from 
them  such  instructions  and  communications  as  they  might  desire 
to  convey  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

In  reply,  a  sub-committee  of  the  Executive  Committee  was 
appointed  to  meet  your  Committee  at  4  o'clock  yesterday,  at 
which  meeting  the  whole  question  of  the  creation  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  was  gone  over,  the  sub-committee  deciding  that 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  was  created  under  the  law  of  Con- 
gress, and  not  by  the  courtesy  of  the  Commission,  as  has  been 
supposed  by  some.  But  in  the  absence  of  more  explicit  legisla- 
tion, the  Commission  do  not  feel  that  they  can  do  more  toward 
delegating  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  any  authority  than  to 
organize  under  Article  XI.  of  the  "By-Laws  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission."  They  request,  however,  that  the  Lady 
Managers  shall  formulate  their  wishes  in  regard  to  the  work  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the  same  to  be  put  in  writing  and 
laid  by  your  Committee  before  the  sub-committee  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  at  9  o'clock  Monday  morning,  they  promising  to 
reply  at  the  earliest  possible  moment,  that  this  Board  may 
adjourn  after  fully  organizing.  They  think  that  it  is  eminently 
proper  that  the  ladies  proceed  to  the  election  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dents and  the  adoption  of  such  reports  as  that  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  ten  providing  for  organization  and  mode  of  pro- 
cedure by  this  Board.  The  appointment  or  election  of  the  com- 
mittees should  be  postponed  for  the  present.  But  they  wish  the 
Lady  Managers  to  recommend  to  them  the  amount  that  you  think 
should  be  paid  your  Chairman  and  Secretary,  but  explicitly  state 
you  must  not  base  your  recommendations  upon  the  precedent  of 


88  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

exorbitant  salaries  heretofore  awarded  the  officers  of  the 
Commission,  because  that  part  of  their  work  will  be  doubtless 
subject  to  revision,  but  to  fix  the  sum  upon  the  well-known  econ- 
omy of  earnest  women.  They  especially  wish  to  disabuse  the 
minds  of  the  Lady  Managers,  if  any  of  them  supposed  they  were 
in  any  sense  members  of  the  Commission,  or  that  there  was  now, 
or  prospectively,  any  position  of  emolument  to  which  any  of  them 
could  be  appointed  who  would  receive  more  than  their  $6  per 
diem  when  on  duty  under  orders  of  the  Committee. 

(Signed)  MRS.  JOHN  A.  LOGAN, 

MRS.  VIRGINIA  C.  MEREDITH, 
MRS.  JOHN  S.  BRIGGS, 
Miss  MARY  E.  BUSSELLE. 

Mrs.  Hooker  offered  the  following  resolution  and  moved  its 
adoption: 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  importance  of  the  report  of  the 
Committee  of  Conference,  we  request  that  it  be  printed  and 
delivered  to  every  member  in  the  course  of  the  day  for  consider- 
ation over  Sunday,  to  be  voted  upon  Monday. 

Mrs.  Logan  offered  as  an  amendment  that  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Commission  be  notified  that  the  Committee  of 
Conference  could  not  meet  them  at  9  o'clock  Monday  morning, 
as  had  been  agreed  upon. 

Mrs.  Hooker  accepted  Mrs.  Logan's  amendment. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  stated  that  there  was  but  one  sen- 
tence in  the  report  requiring  the  action  of  the  Commission,  and 
that  was  the  sentence  requesting  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  to 
formulate  their  wishes  in  regard  to  the  work  of  the  Board,  and 
therefore  it  was  not  necessary  to  print  the  report  in  order  to 
understand  that. 

The  amendment  and  resolution  being  put  to  the  Board, 
both  were  lost. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  this  Board  proceed  at  once  to  the  considera- 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  89 

tion  of  what  it  wishes  to  ask  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
National  Commission. 

Seconded  .and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hooker  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  under  the  head 
of  unfinished  business  was  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Per- 
manent Organization,  of  which  she  was  Chairman,  which  was  to 
report  at  10  o'clock  that  morning. 

Mrs.  Meredith  stated  that  as  she  was  absent  in  her  Commit- 
tee on  the  day  before,  she  was  not  aware  of  the  action  taken  in 
regard  to  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organiza- 
tion, and  that  her  resolution,  under  the  circumstances,  being  out 
of  order,  she  begged  leave  to  withdraw  it,  which  was  granted  by 
the  Board. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent 
Organization,  then  submitted  the  following  report,  which  had 
been  recommitted  to  the  Committee  on  the  previous  day: 

1.  The  rules  of  order  and  procedure  of  this  Board  shall  be 
the  same  as  those  of  the  Commission  (to  be  found  on  page  151 
of  the  Official  Manual). 

2.  The  officers  of   this   Board  shall  be  a  Chairman,  whose 
title  shall  be  the  President  of    the  Board  of  Lady  Managers; 
eight  Vice-Presidents,  whose  titles  shall  be  First,  Second,  Third, 
Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  and    Eighth    Vice-Presidents;  a 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  perform  the   usual   duties 
incident  to  these  offices. 

3.  There   shall  be  twelve  Standing  Committees  to  corre- 
spond with  the  departments  prepared  by  the  Classification  Com- 
mittee (to  be  found  on  page  5  of  the  pamphlet  on  Classification), 
who  shall  have  the  power  to  elect  one  member  of  their  Committee 
to  represent  them  on  the  Executive  Committee. 

4.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  composed  of 
twenty-six   (26)  members.     These  members  shall  consist  of  the 
President  and  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  of 
the  twelve  members  of  the  Standing  Committees  elected  by  them 
to  serve  on  this  Committee,  and  the  remaining  twelve  members 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  President. 


90  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

5.  There  shall  be  a  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, to  be  elected  by  that  body  when  fully  organized. 

6.  The  work  in  the  several  States  shall  be  outlined  by  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  at  an  early  day,  as  many  of  their  Leg- 
islatures   have     adopted     biennial  sessions,    and  can  only  be 
approached  during  the  coming  winter. 

Miss  Ford  moved  that  the  report  be  adopted  as  read  by 
Mrs.  Hooker,  striking  out  the  word  "Treasurer." 

Mrs.  Reed,  of  Maryland,  presented  the  following  resolution-. 

Resolved,  That  our  permanent  Chairman  shall  retain  her  pre- 
rogative as  Chairman  ex-officio  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
and  that  in  her  absence,  the  Vice-President  shall  perform  the 
duty. 

Seconded. 

Mrs.  Thatcher  moved  that  the  resolution  be  laid  on  the 
table.  Seconded  and  carried. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  moved  the  adoption  of  her  resolution 
striking  out  the  word  Treasurer.  Motion. seconded. 

The  Chair:  I  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  that  part  of  the 
report  has  been  adopted,  and  we  can  have  no  motion  on  that 
clause  unless  we  reconsider  it.  The  first  four  clauses  were 
amended  and  adopted;  only  the  new  matter  can  be  amended, 
unless  we  vote  to  reconsider. 

Mrs.  Mulligan,  Illinois,  moved  that  Clause  2  be  recon- 
sidered, and  be  made  to  read  as  before,  striking  out  the  word 
Treasurer. 

Motion  carried. 

It  is  moved  and  seconded  that  the  report  be  now  adopted. 
Carried. 

Mrs.  Harrison,  Montana,  moved  that  the  Committee  on  Per- 
manent Organization  be  discharged  with  thanks. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York  (at- Large),  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution, and  moved  its  adoption: 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  91 

Resolved,  That  a  vote  of  thanks  be  extended  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lyman  Gage,  and  to  the  Chicago  Commissioners,  for  courtesies 
shown  the  ladies. 

Adopted  unanimously. 

The  Chair  then  asked  for  a  consideration  of  the  report  of 
the  Committee  of  five,  and  asked  for  suggestions  from  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Committee. 

It  is  moved  and  seconded  that  Mrs.  Meredith  state  to  the 
house  her  suggestions  in  regard  to  what  shall  be  asked  for  from 
the  Commission. 

Mrs.  Meredith  stated  that  only  things  fundamental  should 
be  asked  for  at  present. 

first. — Ask  the  Commission  to  create  the  office  of  Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  with  a  salary.  Our  Secretary 
at  this  moment  has  no  legal  status. 

Second. — Ask  for  a  specific  statement  with  every  exhibit, 
whether  it  be  in  whole  or  in  part  produced  by  female  labor. 

Third. — Ask  that  all  work  of  women  shall  be  entered  with 
the  general  exhibit  and  permit  this  Board  to  designate  by 
some  device  every  article  that  is  the  product  of  women's  labor. 

Fourth. — Ask  that  this  Board  may  in  some  way  have  control 
of  space. 

Debate  occurring  on  the  first  clause  of  Mrs.  Meredith's  sug- 
gestions, that  relating  to  the  salary  and  status  of  the  Secretary, 
Article  XI  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Commission  was  read,  and 
Mrs.  Meredith  was  asked  by  the  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer),  if  the  title 
of  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  was  not  already- 
created  by  the  election  by  the  Board,  of  that  officer.  Mrs.  Mere- 
dith did  not  think  that  created  a  legal  status,  but  that  the  Com- 
mission should  be  asked  to  create  that  office  with  a  salary. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer) :     We  have  a  right,  I  think,  to  fix  the 

salary. 

Mrs.  Wallace,  Chicago,  called  attention  to  page  162,  Article 
XI  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Commission,  which  reads,  "  When  so 

7 


92  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

convened  shall  organize  by  the  election  of  a  Chairman  and  Secre- 
tary." 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  suggested  that  Article 
XI  said  nothing  about  salary,  and  that  it  was  the  suggestion  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  that  we  recommend  a  salary. 

Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  Secretary  of  the  Queen  Isabella 
Association,  invited  the  ladies  to  meet  Miss  Harriet  Hosmerand 
other  guests,  at  the  Palmer  House  club-room,  between  4  and  6 
o'clock  P.  M. 

Mrs.  Logan,  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Confer- 
ence, asked  the  Board  to  define  her  duty  in  regard  to  meeting 
the  Committee  from  the  Commission  at  9  o'clock  on  Monday 
morning,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  discussion  on  the  report  was 
unfinished. 

It  was  moved  that  the  Committee  have  a  continuance  of 
time  in  which  to  perfect  its  report,  there  not  having  been  time 
for  full  consideration  of  the  same  by  the  Board.  Seconded 
and  carried 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  an  evening  session  was 
dispensed  with. 

The  Board  then  adjourned  to  meet  at  10  A.  M.,  Monday, 
the  24th. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  93 


OFFICIAL   BECOED 

OF    THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission, 


First  Session— Fifth  Day,  Monday,  Nov.  24,  1890. 

The  Board  was  called  to  order  at  10  A.  M.,  the  presiding 
officer  (Mrs.  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  led  in  the  Lord's  prayer. 
ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE.  —  New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal, 
Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford;  Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John 
J.  Bagley;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas,  Mrs.  Rosine 
Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  T.  Hund- 
ley, Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle, 
Mrs.  Wm.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P. 
Rue,  Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson, 
Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs. 
Isabella  Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Kinder,  Mrs. 
J.  F.  Ball;  Florida,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Bell,  Miss  E.  Nellie  Beck; 
Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho, 


94  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan,  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate; 
Illinois,  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  Frances  W.  Shepard; 
Indiana,  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith,  Miss  Wilhelmine  Reitz; 
Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller;  Kan- 
sas, Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hester  A.  Hanback;  Ken- 
tucky, Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss  Cora  D.  Payne;  Louisiana, 
Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine  Shakspeare;  Maine, 
Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  H.  Locke,  alternate;  Mary- 
land, Mrs.  Wm.  Reed,  Mrs.  Alex.  Thomson;  Massachusetts, 
Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes,  Mrs. 
Sarah  S.  C.  Angell;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi, 
Mrs.  James  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  John  M.  Stone;  Missouri,  Miss  Phoebe 
Couzins,  LL.  B.,  Miss  Lillian  M.  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  John  S. 
Briggs,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Eliza  M. 
Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Mira 
B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary  E.  Bus- 
selle;  New  York,  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann,  Mrs.W.  Bourke  Cock- 
ran,  alternate;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles  Price,  Mrs.  Sallie 
S.  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin, 
Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Walter 
Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Pay  ton; 
Pennsylvania,  Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless;  Rhode  Island, 
Mrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Charlotte  Field  Dailey;  South 
Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Brayton; 
South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen  M.  Barker; 
Tennessee,  Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke; 
Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  Loving  Turner,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Cochran;  Ver- 
mont, Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John  S.  Wise, 
Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Melissa  D.  Owings,  Mrs. 
Alice  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W.  Newton  Linch,  Miss 
Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty,  Mrs. 
Wm.  P.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Frances  E. 
Hale. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  95 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Miss  Laurette 
Lovell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs. 
Franc  Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs. 
Marie  P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas 
A.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Lewis,  Mrs. 
James  Mulligan,  Mrs.  M.  R.  M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Brad- 
well,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse,  Mrs. 
Martha  H.  Ten  Eyck,  alternate. 

The  reading  of  minutes  was  dispensed  with. 

The  Secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  General  Norton  that 
the  Board  would  accept  his  invitation  to  hear  his  lecture  at  the 
Palmer  House  club-room. 

Mrs.  Briggs,  Nebraska,  offered  the  following  resolution  and 
moved  its  adoption: 

Resolved,  That  a  vote  of  thanks  be  given  to  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission  for  the  delightful 
excursion  to  Washington  and  Jackson  Parks  tendered  the  Lady 
Managers  Saturday  afternoon,  and  further,  that  the  ladies  of  this 
Board  extend  to  Mr.  Wheeler,  President  of  the  Washington  Park 
Club,  their  sincerest  thanks  for  his  delightful  luncheon  and 
entertainment,  and  that  the  Secretary  be  authorized  to  commu- 
nicate the  same. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  suggested  as  an  amendment  that  the  reso- 
lution should  include  the  members  of  the  Washington  Park  Club. 

Resolution  and  amendment  unanimously  adopted. 

The  Chair:  The  unfinished  business  of  Saturday  is  now  in 
order.  We  had  before  us,  when  we  closed  on  Saturday,  the  sug- 
gestions of  the  Committee  of  Conference,  who  had  not  been 
able  to  present  a  full  report,  because  the  Commission  wished  to 
hear  from  us  in  advance. 


96  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  ladies  be  requested  to  go  before  their 
legislatures  and  ask  for  appropriations.  Seconded,  and  finally 
ordered  to  lie  upon  the  table. 

A  communication  from  Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  Chicago, 
who  was  ill,  containing  the  following  resolutions  to  be  submitted 
to  the  Columbian  Commission,  was  presented  by  Mrs.  Ten  Eyck, 
alternate,  who  moved  their  adoption. 

Resolved,  That  there  should  not  be  erected  a  building  for 
the  purpose  of  displaying  woman's  work  separately  from  the 
general  exhibit. 

In  order  to  fulfill  the  duty  assigned  this  Board  by  Congress, 
viz.,  "to  appoint  one  or  more  members  to  all  committees  to 
award  prizes  for  exhibits  produced  in  whole  or  part  by  female 
labor,"  be  it  resolved  that  every  exhibit  be  accompanied  with  a 
statement  that  the  said  exhibit  is  or  is  not  "  produced  in  whole 
or  in  part  by  female  labor." 

Resolved,  That  the  salary  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  shall  be  fixed  at  the  sum  of  $5,000  a  year. 

Resolved,  That  the  temporary  Secretary,  Miss  Payne,  shall 
receive  for  her  services  before  and  during  the  first  two  days'  ses- 
sion of  the  Board,  the  sum  of  $100. 

Resolved,  That  the  second  regular  session  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  shall  be  set  for  the  first  of  April,  1891,  when  the 
standing  committees  will  be  announced,  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee organized. 

Resolved,  That  there  shall  be  an  Advisory  Committee,  com- 
posed of  seven  members,  which  shall  perform  the  duties  of  the 
Executive  Committee  until  that  committee  is  organized. 

Mrs.  Logan  moved  that  the  resolutions  embodying  the  sug- 
gestions of  Doctor  Dickinson  be  referred  to  the  Committee  of 
Conference,  for  submission  to  the  National  Commission,  through 
their  Sub-Executive  Committee.  Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Felton  in  the  chair. 

By  invitation.  Miss  Frances  Willard  and  Miss  Harriet  Hos- 
mer,  who  were  present,  addressed  the  Board. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  97 

Committee  of  Conference  given  leave  to  withdraw  to  formu- 
late their  report. 

The  presiding  officer,  Mrs.  Palmer,  resumed  the  chair. 

Mrs.  Price,  North  Carolina,  moved  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be 
extended  to  Major  Brackett,  Disbursing  Officer  of  the  Treasury, 
sent  to  assist  the  Board  in  its  inexperience  in  fiscal  affairs,  espe- 
cially so  far  as  disbursements  from  the  Treasury  were  concerned. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  send  a  communication  to  President 
Palmer  asking  that  he  appoint  two  lady  managers  from  Alaska, 
there  being  no  representative  on  our  Board  from  that  section. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Darby,  South  Carolina,  offered  the  following  resolution 
and  moved  its  adoption: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  eight  be  appointed  at  once 
by  the  Chair,  to  be  known  as  the  Committee  on  By-Laws. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution, 
in  view  of  the  misunderstanding  in  regard,  to  the  Chairmanship 
of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  called  for  a  rising  vote: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  of  our  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers, by  virtue  of  her  office,  shall  be  the  Chairman  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Adjourned  to  2.30  p.  M. 


The  Board  was  called  to  order  at  2.30  p.  M.,  Mrs.  Potter 
Palmer  in  the  chair. 

The  Chair  announced  as  the  Committee  on  By-Laws:  Mrs. 
Darby,  South  Carolina;  Miss  Ives,  Connecticut;  Mrs.  Briggs, 
Nebraska;  Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky;  Mrs.  Grinnell,  Vermont; 
Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington;  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago;  and 
Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin. 


98  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  retired  in  favor  of  Mrs.  Lynde, 
Wisconsin. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  no  Vice-President  be  appointed  on  the  Execu- 
tive Committee. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia  (at-large),  offered  the 
following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  proceed  to  nominate  the  Vice-Presidents 
in  their  regular  order. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Mulligan,  Chicago,  nominated  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New 
York.  Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  nominated  Miss  Brown,  Missouri. 
Seconded  by  Miss  Couzins. 

Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland,  presented  the  name  of  Mrs.  Hooker, 
Connecticut.  Seconded. 

Mrs.  Darby,  South  Carolina,  nominated  Mrs.  Logan,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Seconded. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  declined  for  Mrs.  Logan  the  nom- 
ination, and  Mrs.  Darby  withdrew  Mrs.  Logan's  name. 

The  nominations  being  closed,  the  Chair  directed  the  roll- 
call,  and  appointed  Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  and  Mrs.  Salis- 
bury, Utah,  as  tellers. 

Pending  the  counting  of  the  ballot,  Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Conference,  asked  leave  to  sub- 
mit its  digest  and  accompanying  report  to  the  Sub-Executive 
Committee  of  the  Commission,  for  the  approval  of  the  Board. 

The  Chair  decided  that  it  ,could  be  read,  but  no  discussion 
ensue.     Mrs.  Felton,  presented  the  following: 
To  the  Sub-Committee  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's 

Columbian  Commission: 

The  Committee   on  Conference  from  the  Board  of  Lady 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  99 

Managers  beg  leave  to  present  the  following  requests  from  that 
Board,  viz.: 

1.  We  request  a  liberal  construction  of  the  Act  of  Congress 
which  created  this  Board  of  Lady  Managers  and  leaves  its  duties 
to  be  prescribed  by  your  Commission. 

2.  We   do   not   request  a   separate  building  for  woman's 
work. 

3.  That  the  Columbian  Commission  fix  the  salaries  of  the 
Chairman  and  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

4.  We  request  that  a  suitable  building  be  provided  and 
placed   under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  for 
official  and  other  purposes. 

5.  That  this  Board  be  allowed  to  work  in  conjunction  with 
your  Commission  in  efforts  to  interest  the  people  of  the  respect- 
ive  States   and  Territories   in   the   success    of   the  Columbian 
Exposition. 

6.  We  further  request  that  the  Executive  Committee  for- 
mulate  their   instructions   to   the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  so 
explicitly  that  there  may  be  no  misunderstanding  of  them. 

(Signed)          MRS.  WM.  H.  FELTON, 
MRS.  JOHN  A.  LOGAN, 
MRS.  VIRGINIA  C.  MEREDITH, 
MRS.  JOHN  S.  BRIGGS, 
Miss  MARY   E.  BUSSELLE. 

The  Chair  directed  the  Secretary  to  announce  the  vote  for 
First  Vice-President,  which  stood  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Trautmann 81 

Miss  Brown 2 

Mrs.  Hooker 12 

Total 95 

The  Chair  announced  that  Mrs.  Trautmann,  having  received 
a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast,  was  elected  First  Vice-President; 
and  on  motion,  Mrs.  Trautmann's  election  was  declared  unani- 
mous. 

The  Chair  announced  that  nominations  for  Second  Vice- 
President  were  in  order. 


100  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  of  Connecticut,  was  named  for  Second  Vice- 
President. 

Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  in  a  nominating  speech,  pre- 
sented Mrs.  M.  D.  Owings,  Washington.     Seconded. 

Mrs.    James  P.   Eagle,  Arkansas,  was  nominated  by   Mrs. 
Empie,  of  the  same  State.     Seconded. 

Mrs.  Burleigh,  Maine,  was  nominated.     Seconded. 
Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  nominated  Mrs.  Deane,  California. 
Seconded. 

Mrs.  Briggs,   Nebraska,  was  nominated,  but  declined,  and 
put  in  nomination  Mrs.  Ashley,  Colorado.     Seconded. 

The    nominations    were    declared    closed    and    the    ballot 
directed  to  be  taken. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  result  of  the  ballot  for  Second 
Vice-President. 

Mrs.  Hooker 14 

Mrs.  Owings . 19 

Mrs.  Eagle 2 

Mrs.  Burleigh 20 

Mrs.  Deane 23 

Mrs.  Ashley 19 


Total 97 

The  Chair  announced  that  no  one  of  the  nominees  having 
received  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast,  the  Board  would  proceed 
to  another  ballot. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Hooker,  and  Mrs.  Ashley  declined  a  second 
ballot,  and  the  Chair  directed  the  vote  to  be  taken  for  the  three 
remaining  nominees. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  ballot  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Owings 28 

Mrs.  Burleigh 39 

Mrs.  Deane 29 

Total 96 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  101 

The  .Chair  announced  no  election,  and  ordered  a  third 
ballot. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  the  remaining  Vice-Presi- 
dents be  elected  by  sections,  and  that  the  Board  reconsider  the 
method  of  election,  and  the  Chair  appoint  a  committee  of  three, 
to  divide  the  country  into  sections. 

Mrs.  Eagle  moved  to  amend,  to  the  effect  that  the 
motion  be  reconsidered,  and  the  States  be  divided  into  sections, 
omitting  the  section  of  the  First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Traut- 
mann's  election  having  been  unanimous,  and  proceed  to  elect 
Vice-Presidents  nominated  from  the  different  sections. 

The  motion  as  amended  was  seconded  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  Fel- 
ton,  Georgia,  and  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  as  a  committee  to 
divide  the  country  into  sections. 

Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Territories  be  allowed  to  represent  a 
section  by  themselves,  and  that  they  be  allowed  a  Vice-President. 

Seconded. 

Mrs.  Logan  moved  to  lay  the  resolution  on  the  table,  as  the 
Territories  would  be  represented  in  the  division  made  by  the 
Committee.  Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Angell,  Michigan,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  ten  be  appointed  to  attend 
to  the  duties  of  classification,  to  report  as  soon  as  possible. 

Seconded. 

After  some  debate,  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Illinois,  offered  the  fol- 
lowing as  a  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  be  allowed  time  to  consider  the 
appointment  of  this  committee,  with  the  full  privilege  to  take 
whatever  time  is  necessary. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  matter  of  the  printing  of  the  minutes  of  the  session 
was  brought  before  the  Board,  by  the  Chair. 


102  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Hooker  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  hereafter  the  minutes  shall  be  read  by  the 
Secretary,  and  the  printing  of  them  be  dispensed  with. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  announced  the  Sub-Committee  of  the  Commis- 
sion, as  present  in  an  adjoining  room,  for  conference  with  the 
Committee  of  the  Board,  and  the  Committee  was  given  leave  to 
withdraw. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
re-districting  the  States,  then  read  the  following  report,  dividing 
them  as  follows: 

1.  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  Delaware. 

2.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Con- 
necticut, and  Rhode  Island. 

3.  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Ten- 
nessee, Kentucky,  and  District  of  Columbia. 

4.  Michigan,  Wisconsin,    Minnesota,    Iowa,  Illinois,    and 
Kansas. 

5.  North    Dakota,    South    Dakota,    Nebraska,    Wyoming, 
Idaho,  Colorado,  Montana. 

6.  North    Carolina,    South    Carolina,    Georgia,    Alabama, 
Mississippi,  and  Florida. 

7.  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Oklahoma,  New 
Mexico. 

8.  California,     Oregon,     Washington,      Alaska,     Arizona, 
Nevada,  Utah. 

Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico,  called  up  her  resolution  on  the 
Territories,  an  amendment  to  the  re-districting  of  the  States, 
which  was  laid  upon  the  table,  and  asked  for  its  consideration. 
Agreed  to,  and  the  resolution  was  brought  before  the  Board.  A 
division  resulting  in  uncertainty,  the  ayes  and  noes  were  called 
for.  The  Chair  directed  the  Secretary  to  call  the  roll  of  the 
States,  which  resulted  in  49  ayes  and  32  noes,  the  amendment 
being  adopted. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  103 

Mrs.  Hooker  moved  that  in  order  to  give  the  various  sec- 
tions designated  in  the  divisions  of  the  States  time  to  consider 
candidates,  the  Board  adjourn  to  10  A.  M.  to-morrow.  Seconded. 

Mrs.  Meredith:  Ladies,  there  is  a  motion  to  reconsider, 
which  must  be  presented  not  later  than  a  day  after  the  matter 
that  has  been  passed  upon.  My  motion  is  to  reconsider  that 
part  of  the  report  of  the  Committee  of  Permanent  Organi- 
zation which  refers  to  the  constitution  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. I  would  like  to  make  it  the  order  of  business  at  n 
o'clock  to-morrow  morning. 

After  debate,  this  motion  was  seconded  and  carried.  The 
Board  adjourned  to  10  A.  M.,  Tuesday,  November  25th. 


104  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


OFFICIAL   RECORD 


OF      THE 


Board  of  Lady  Managers 


OF      THE 


World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session— Sixth  Day,  Tuesday,  Nov.  25,  1890. 

The  Board  called  to  order.  The  presiding  officer  (Mrs. 
Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker. 

ROLL    CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal;  Ken- 
tucky, Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J.  Bagley;  New  York, 
Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas, 
Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  T.  Hundley 
Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle,  Mrs. 
Wm.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P.  Rue, 
Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson,  Mrs. 
Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives,  Mrs.  Isabella 
Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Kinder,  Mrs.  J.  Frank 
Ball;  Florida,  Miss  E.  Nellie  Beck-  Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Fel- 


Minnies  of  First  Session.  1(»5 

ton,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Straughan, 
Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Richard  J. 
Oglesby,  Mrs.  Frances  W.  Shepard;  Indiana,  Miss  Wilhelmine 
Reitz,  Mrs.  Virginia  C.  Meredith;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark, 
Miss  Ora  Elizabeth  Miller;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs. 
Hester  A.  Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss  Jean  W.  Faulkner,  Miss 
Cora  D.  Payne;  Louisiana,  Miss  Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Jose- 
phine Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate 
H.  Locke,  alternate;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Wm.  Reed,  Mrs.  Alex. 
Thomson;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Jonas  H.  French;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  C.  Angell;  Minnesota, 
Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hulbert,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs. 
James  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  John  M.  Stone;  Missouri,  Miss  Phoebe  W. 
Couzins,  LL.  B.,  Miss  Lillian  M.  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  John 
S.  Brigg,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Eliza  M. 
Russell,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Stevenson;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Mira 
B.  F.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Daniel  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary  E.  Bus- 
selle;  New  York,  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs. 
Charles  Price,  Mrs.  Sallie  S.  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota, 
Mrs.  S.  W.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  Hart,  Mrs.  Walter  Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W. 
Allen,  Mrs.  Mary  Payton;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  Mary  Elliott  Mc- 
Candless;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Amey  M.  Starkweather,  Miss  Char- 
lotte Field  Dailey;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby, 
Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Brayton;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson, 
Mrs.  Helen  M.  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs. 
Susan  Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  L.  Turner,  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Cochran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John 
S.  Wise,  Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Melissa  D. 
Owings,  Mrs.  Alice  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W.  N.  Linch, 
Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty, 
Mrs.  Wm.  P.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Harrison,  Mrs. 
Frances  E.  Hale. 


106  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Miss  Lauretta 
Lovell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs. 
Franc  Luse  Albright,  Mrs.  Edward  L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs. 
Marie  P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas 
A.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  Salisbury. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Potter  Palmer, 
Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  Sanford  Lewis, 
Mrs.  James  A.  Mulligan,  Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  M.  R.' 
M.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr., 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse. 

Minutes  of  Monday  A.  M.  read,  and  the  reading  of  the 
minutes  of  Monday  P.  M.  dispensed  with. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  requested  that  each  member  of 
the  Board  inform  her  in  writing  what  experience  she  had  had  in 
the  work  of  the  Board  and  on  what  committee  she  thought  she 
was  best  qualified  to  serve. 

Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico,  moved  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
General  Norton  for  his  able  and  comprehensive  lecture  on 
"  World's  Fairs  "  at  the  Palmer  House  Club  Room,  November 
25th.  Seconded  and  carried. 

The  Chair  announced  the  grouping  of  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories in  sections  as  unfinished  business. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
redistricting,  reported  the  following  grouping  of  the  States  and 
Territories: 

1.  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware. 

2.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut. 

3.  Maryland,  Virginia,    North    Carolina,  South    Carolina, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Florida. 

4.  Nebraska,  Wyoming,  Kansas,  Texas,  Arkansas,  Missouri, 
Louisiana. 

5.  District  of  Columbia,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Ken- 
tucky, Illinois,  Tennessee. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  107 

6.  California,  Oregon,  Washington,  Nevada,  Idaho,  Mon- 
tana, Colorado. 

7.  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  North  Dakota, 
South  Dakota. 

8.  Arizona,  Alaska,  Utah,  New  Mexico,  Oklahoma. 

A  recess  of  five  minutes  was  taken  to  consider  nominations 
for  Vice-Presidents. 

Special  order  for  u  o'clock  being  to  reconsider  Sections 
3  and  4  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization. 

Mrs.  Meredith:  Ladies,  you  voted  to  reconsider  and  make 
this  the  special  order  of  business  at  1 1  o'clock  this  morning. 

Mrs.  Eagle:  You  must  make  a  motion  to  reconsider  before 
this  matter  can  be  brought  up. 

The  Chair:  As  I  understand  it,  the  vote  was  taken  yesterday 
and  we  voted  to  reconsider. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  amendments : 
Resolved,    That  Section  3  of  Report  on  Permanent  Organi- 
zation shall  have   stricken  out  the  words   "  who  shall  have  the 
power  to  elect  one   member   of   their  Committee   to   represent 
them  on  the  Executive  Committee." 

That  Section  4  be  made  to  read:  "There  shall  be  an  Exec- 
utive Committee  composed  of  fifteen  (15)  members,  of  which 
the  President  ex-officio  shall  be  a  member." 

Mrs.  Thatcher's  motion — that  the  further  consideration  of 
this  subject  be  postponed  until  after  the  By-Laws  have  been 
considered — seconded. 

Mrs.  Logan  :  I  insist  that  we  go  on  with  Mrs.  Meredith's 
resolution.  It  seems  to  me  very  unwise  to  be  losing  so  much 
time,  because  many  in  the  room  have  nothing  to  do  with  the 
formation  of  the  Committee.  I  think  that  Mrs.  Meredith  ex- 
pected that  the  President  would  appoint  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee which  has  been  provided  for  recently,  and  I  hope  that 
her  motion  will  prevail. 

Mrs.  Thatcher's  motion  to  postpone  adopted. 


108  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved,  That  the  number  of  Vice-Presidents  be  increased 
to  nine,  so  as  to  have  the  Members-at-Large  represented. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  moved  to  lay  the  resolution 
on  the  table,  which  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  to  proceed  with 
the  nominations,  by  sections,  for  Vice-Presidents.  Seconded  and 
carried. 

Mrs.  E.  C.  Burleigh,  Maine,  was  nominated  by  Mrs.  Hooker 
for  Second  Vice-President.  There  being  no  other  nominations, 
a  motion  was  made  to  make  Mrs.  Burleigh's  election  unanimous. 
Carried. 

Mrs.  Charles  Price,  North  Carolina,  was  unanimously  elected 
Third  Vice-President. 

Nominations  for  Fourth  Vice-President  being  in  order,  the 
names  of  Miss  K.  L.  Minor,  Louisiana,  and  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkan- 
sas, were  proposed  for  that  office. 

The  nominations  being  closed,  the  Chair  appointed  Miss 
-Faulkner,  Kentucky,  and  Miss  Shakspeare,  Louisiana,  as  tellers, 
and  directed  the  Secretary  to  call  the  roll. 

Pending  the  counting  of  the  ballots,  the  following  invitation 
was  read: 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  to  be  present  this  afternoon,  in  the  club-rooms  of  the 
Palmer  House,  to  see  a  large  number  of  illustrations  of  the  vari- 
ous World's  Fairs  since  1851.  The  lecture  to  be  given  by  George 
Wellington  Jones. 

The  invitation  was  accepted  with  thanks. 

Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  Mrs.  Verdenal's  motion  to  table  be  recon- 
sidered. 

Seconded  and  carried. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  109 

The  Secretary  announced  the  ballot  for  Fourth  Vice- 
President: 

Miss  Minor 88 

Mrs.   Eagle 7 

Total 95 

On  motion,  Miss  Minor's  election  was  declared  unanimous. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  nominated  Mrs. 
Beriah  Wilkins,  District  of  Columbia,  as  Fifth  Vice-President. 

Seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

The  Chair  announced  nominations  in  order  for  Sixth  Vice- 
President. 

Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland,  nominated  Mrs.  Ashley,  Colorado. 
Seconded. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  nominated  Mrs.  James  R.  Deane, 
California.  Seconded. 

Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  nominated  Mrs.  M.  D.  Owings, 
Washington.  Seconded. 

The  Chair  announced  the  nominations  closed  and  directed 
the  ballot  to  be  taken. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  result  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Ashley 45 

Mrs.  Deane 13 

Mrs.  Owings 49 

Total 107 

No  one  candidate  having  received  a  majority  of  all  the 

votes  cast,  the  Chair  announced  a  second  ballot. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  at  the  request  of  her  nominee,  withdrew 

Mrs.  Deane's  name,  and  the  second  ballot  was  taken  for  the  two 

remaining  candidates. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  vote: 

Mrs.  Ashley 53 

Mrs.  Owings 49 

Total . , 102 


110  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Chair  announced  Mrs.  Ashley  as  the  Sixth  Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

Nominations  for  Seventh  Vice-President  declared  in  order. 

Mrs.  Hooker  nominated  Mrs.  Wm.  P.  Lynde,  Wisconsin. 
Seconded. 

Mrs.  Angell,  Michigan,  nominated  Mrs.  F.  B.  Ginty,  Wis- 
consin. Seconded. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  nominated  Mrs.  S.  W.  Mc- 
Laughlin,  North  Dakota.  Seconded. 

The  nominations  being  closed,  the  Chair  directed  the  ballot 
to  be  taken. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  following  vote: 

Mrs.  Ginty 57 

Mrs.  Lynde 17 

Mrs.  McLaughlin 27 

Total 101 

Mrs.  Ginty,  having  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast, 
was  declared  the  Seventh  Vice-President. 

Nominations  for  Eighth  Vice-President  were  declared  in 
order.  Mrs.  Ten  Eyck,  Chicago,  alternate  for  Dr.  Frances 
Dickinson,  presented  the  name  of  Mrs.  F.  L.  Albright,  New 
Mexico.  Seconded  by  Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  nominated  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salisbury, 
Utah.  Seconded  by  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  and  Mrs. 
Deane,  California. 

The  nominations  being  closed,  and  ballot  ordered,  the  Secre- 
tary announced  the  following  result: 

Mrs.  Salisbury 57 

Mrs.  Albright 47 

Total 104 

Mrs.  Salisbury,  having  received  the  majority  of  the  votes 
cast,  the  Chair  declared  her  election  as  Eighth  Vice-President. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  Ill 

Nominations  for  Ninth  Vice-President  being  ordered,  Mrs. 
Trautmann,  New  York,  presented  the  name  of  Mrs.  Russell  Har- 
rison, and  asked  that  the  nomination  be  made  unanimous. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  and  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  seconded  the 
motion,  and  the  nomination  was  unanimously  carried. 

Recess  was  taken  to  2:30  p.  M. 


Meeting  called  to  order  at  2:30  p.  M.,  the  presiding  officer, 
Mrs.  Palmer,  in  the  chair. 

The  Chairman  requested  the  members  of  the  Board  to  send 
in  their  preference  for  second  choice  on  committees,  as  there 
seemed  to  be  almost  a  unanimous  expression  for  the  Executive 
Committee;  and  as  it  was  impossible  for  all  to  serve  on  that 
committee,  the  ladies  must  select  others. 

Mrs.  Darby,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  By-Laws,  sub- 
mitted the  following  report,  and  explained  that  when  the  com- 
mittee met  and  formed  the  By-Laws,  it  was  found  that  the 
Committee  on  Permanent  Organization  had  already  made  a 
report  of  which  the  report  on  By-Laws  was,  in  part,  a  repetition, 
but  the  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  had  decided  that  it  was  in  order  to 
submit  the  same  and  ratify  the  Committee  on  Organization. 

BY-LAWS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGERS. 

ARTICLE  FIRST. 

Official  Title. 

This  body  shall  be  known  by  the  title  of  the  "Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,"  as  designated 
by  Section  Six  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

ARTICLE  SECOND. 
Quorum. 

A  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  shall  consist  of  not 
less  than  a  majority  of  the  Managers,  but  the  alternates  repre- 
senting absent  Managers  shall  be  counted  as  Managers. 


112  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ARTICLE  THIRD. 
Powers  of  Alternate  Managers. 

An  alternate  Manager  shall  assume  and  perform  the  duties 
of  the  Manager  whose  alternate  she  is  only  when  her  principal 
may  be  unable  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board.  Service 
upon  Standing  Committees  or  Special  Committees  »hall  not  de- 
volve upon  an  alternate  Manager  whose  principal  is  a  member 
thereof,  unless  in  the  absence  of  such  principal  service  upon  such 
Committee  shall  be  specially  assigned  to  the  alternate  by  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ARTICLE  FOURTH. 
Officers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  consist  of  a  President, 
whose  official  title  shall  be  "  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission;  "  nine  Vice- 
Presidents,  who  shall  be  denominated  as  First,  Second,  Third, 
Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eighth  Vice-Presidents,  and  a 
Vice-President-at-Large,  and  a  Secretary;  all  of  whom  shall  hold 
their  offices  at  the  pleasure  of  the  "Board  of  Lady  Managers." 

ARTICLE  FIFTH. 
Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of 
twenty-five  members  besides  the  President — each  of  whom  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  President — each  of  the  Standing  Committees 
to  be  represented  on  the  Executive  Board.  The  said  Committee, 
when  the  Board  is  not  in  session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers.  Ten  members  shall  constitute  a  quo- 
rum, and  the  Committee  may  make  such  regulations  for  its  own 
government  and  the  exercise  of  its  functions  through  the  medium 
of  such  sub-committees  as  it  may  consider  expedient.  This 
Committee  shall  recommend  to  the  Commission  such  employe's 
and  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly  define  the 
duties.  They  shall  report  fully  all  their  transactions  to  the  Board 
at  its  stated  and  special  meetings.  In  case  of  any  vacancy  in 
the  Committee,  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  of  the 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  113 

President.  In  all  cases  where  Managers  who  are  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee  are  absent,  their  alternates  are  directed 
to  represent  them  on  the  Committee. 

ARTICLE  SIXTH. 
Duties  of  the  President. 

The  President  shall  preside  over  all  the  meetings  of  the 
Board  and  shall  appoint  all  Committees,  unless  otherwise  directed 
by  the  Board,  and  she  shall  have  all  the  powers  and  authority 
incident  to  the  office  of  President.  The  President  may,  and 
at  the  written  request  of  a  majority  of  the  Executive  Committee 
or  of  one-third  of  the  members  of  the  Board  shall,  recommend  to 
the  Commission,  the  calling  of  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  each  of  whom  shall  receive  reasonable  notice  of  the 
meeting. 

ARTICLE  SEVENTH. 
Duties  of  the  Vice-Presidents. 

The  Vice-Presidents  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  President, 
perform  her  duties,  each  taking  precedence  in  numerical  order, 
and  if  all  the  Vice-Presidents  be  absent,  the  Board  shall  elect  a 
temporary  presiding  officer. 

ARTICLE  EIGHTH. 
Duties  of  the  Secretary. 

The  Secretary  shall  conduct  the  correspondence  of  the 
Board  and  be  the  custodian  of  all  documents  and  records  relat- 
ing to  its  business.  She  shall  keep  a  full  and  accurate  record  of 
its  proceedings,  and  shall  make  report  of  same  from  time  to  time, 
as  she  may  be  required.  She  shall  keep  all  the  accounts  of  the 
Board  and  certify  the  same  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for 
payment.  All  papers,  accounts,  and  records  in  her  custody  shall 
at  all  times  be  open  to  inspection  on  demand  of  any  Manager. 

ARTICLE  NINTH. 
Vice-Chairman  of  Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  be  also  an  officer  of  this  Board,  designated  Vice- 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  ^Committee,  who  shall  perform  such 


114  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  her  by  the  Board  or  its  Executive 
Committee. 

ARTICLE  TENTH. 
Amendments. 

Amendments  shall  only  be  made  by  two-thirds  vote  of  the 
Board  present;  and  all  propositions  to  alter  or  amend  shall  be 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules,  By-Laws,  and  Regulations, 
and  be  by  it  considered  before  any  final  action  thereon  by  the 
Board. 

Mrs.  Straughan,  Idaho,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  By-Laws  be  taken  up  and  voted  upon 
clause  by  clause,  each  article  to  be  separately  voted  upon. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  FIRST.  This  body  shall  be  known  by  the  title  of 
the  "  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission," as  designated  by  Section  6  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  SECOND.  A  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  busi- 
ness shall  consist  of  not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  Managers, 
but  the  alternates  representing  absent  Managers  shall  be  counted 
as  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  THIRD.  An  alternate  Manager  shall  assume  and 
perform  the  duties  of  the  Manager  whose  alternate  she  is  only 
when  her  principal  may  be  unable  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the 
Board.  Service  upon  Standing  Committees  or  Special  Com- 
mittees shall  not  devolve  upon  an  alternate  Manager  whose 
principal  is  a  member  thereof  unless,  in  the  absence  of  such 
principal,  service  upon  such  Committee  shall  be  specially 
assigned  to  the  alternate  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  FOURTH. 
Officers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  consist  of  a  President,  whose 
official  title  shall  be  "  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  115 

of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission;"  nine  Vice-Presidents, 
who  shall  be  denominated  as  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth, 
Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eighth  Vice-Presidents,  and  a  Vice- 
President-at-Large,  and  a  Secretary;  all  of  whom  shall  hold  their 
offices  at  the  pleasure  of  the  "  Board  of  Lady  Managers." 
Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  FIFTH. 
Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee  consisting  of  twenty- 
five  members  besides  the  President — each  of  whom  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  President — each  of  the  Standing  Committees 
to  be  represented  on  the  Executive  Board.  The  said  Committee, 
when  the  Board  is  not  in  session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers.  Ten  members  shall  constitute  a 
quorum,  and  the  Committee  may  make  such  regulations  for  its 
own  government  and  the  exercise  of  its  functions  through  the 
medium  of  such  sub-committees  as  it  may  consider  expedient. 
This  Committee  shall  recommend  to  the  Commission  such 
employes  and  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly 
define  the  duties.  They  shall  report  fully  all  their  transactions 
to  the  Board  at  its  stated  and  special  meetings.  In  case  of  any 
vacancy  in  the  Committee,  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  President.  In  all  cases  where  Managers  who  are 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  are  absent,  their  alternates 
are  directed  to  represent  them  on  the  Committee. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  that  the  number 
of  the  Executive  Committee  be  reduced  to  eight.  Seconded. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  moved  to  amend  Mrs.  Logan's 
motion,  and  make  the  number  fifteen. 

Miss  Ford's  amendment  to  Mrs.  Logan's  motion,  recommend- 
ing an  Executive  Committee  of  fifteen,  was  put  by  the  Chair  (Mrs. 
Palmer)  and  lost. 

The  motion  of  Mrs.  Logan  for  a  Committee  of  eight  was 
called  and  lost. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  stated  that  the  question  then  before 


116  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

the  Board  was  on  the  original  number,  twenty-six,  as  reported 
by  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  and  the  Com- 
mittee on  By-Laws. 

All  in  favor  of  Article  5  of  the  By-Laws,  that  twenty-six 
members  be  on  the  Executive  Committee,  manifest  by  the  usual 
sign.  Carried,  and  Article  5  is  adopted. 

ARTICLE  SIXTH.  The  President  shall  preside  over  all  the 
meetings  of  the  Board  and  shall  appoint  all  committees,  unless 
otherwise  directed  by  the  Board,  and  she  shall  have  all  the  powers 
and  authority  incident  to  the  office  of  President.  The  President 
may,  and  at  the  written  request  of  the  majority  of  the  Executive 
Committee  or  of  one-third  of  the  members  of  the  Board  shall, 
recommend  to  the  Commission  the  calling  of  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  each  of  whom  shall  receive  reasonable 
notice  of  the  meeting. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  SEVENTH.  The  Vice-Presidents  shall,  in  the 
absence  of  the  President,  perform  her  duties,  each  taking  preced- 
ence in  numerical  order;  and,  if  all  the  Vice-Presidents  be 
absent,  the  Board  shall  elect  a  temporary  presiding  officer. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  EIGHTH.  The  Secretary  shall  conduct  the  cor- 
respondence of  the  Board  and  be  the  custodian  of  all  documents 
and  records  relating  to  its  business.  She  shall  keep  a  full  and 
accurate  record  of  its  proceedings,  and  shall  make  a  report  of 
same,  from  time  to  time,  as  she  may  be  required.  She  shall  keep  all 
the  accounts  of  the  Board  and  certify  the  same  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  for  payment.  All  papers,  accounts,  and  records 
in  her  custody  shall  at  all  times  be  open  to  inspection  on  demand 
of  any  Manager. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

ARTICLE  NINTH.  There  shall  be  also  an  officer  of  this 
Board,  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  who  shall 
perform  such  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  her  by  the  Board  or 
its  Executive  Committee. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  117 

Mrs.  Logan  moved  that  the  Vice-Chairman  be  elected  by 
and  from  the  Executive  Committee. 

Amendment  seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Eagle  moved  to  strike  out  "  such  duties  as  may  be 
assigned  her,"  and  insert  in  lieu  thereof,  "  the  duties  usual  to 
such  officer." 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Article  Ninth  as  amended  read  as  follows: 

There  shall  be  also  an  officer  of  this  Board,  designated  Vice- 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  elected  by  and  from  the 
Executive  Committee,  who  shall  perform,  in  the  absence  of  the 
President,  the  duties  usual  to  such  officer. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

ARTICLE  TENTH.  Amendments  shall  only  be  made  by  two- 
thirds  vote  of  the  Board  present;  and  all  propositions  to  alter  or 
amend  shall  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules,  By-Laws, 
and  Regulations,  and  be  by  it  considered  before  any  final  action 
thereon  by  the  Board. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  asked  leave  to  present  a 
communication  from  the  colored  women  of  Chicago. 

At  a  mass  meeting  of  the  colored  women  of  Chicago,  held 
at  Bethesda  Church,  November  24,  1890,  the  following  resolu- 
tions were  unanimously  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  No  provisions  have,  as  yet,  been  made  by  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  Commission  for  securing  exhibits 
from  the  colored  women  of  this  country,  or  the  giving  of  repre- 
sentation to  them  in  such  Fair,  and 

WHEREAS,  Under  the  present  arrangement  and  classifica- 
tion of  exhibits,  it  would  be  impossible  for  visitors  to  the  Expo- 
sition to  know  and  distinguish  the  exhibits  and  handiwork  of 
the  colored  women  from  those  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  and  because 
of  this  the  honor,  fame,  and  credit  for  all  meritorious  exhibits, 
though  made  by  some  of  our  race,  would  not  be  duly  given  to  us, 
therefore  be  it 


118  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  demonstrating  the  prog- 
ress of  the  colored  women  since  emancipation  and  of  showing 
to  those  who  are  yet  doubters,  and  there  are  many,  that  the 
colored  women  have  and  are  making  rapid  strides  in  art, 
science,  and  manufacturing,  and  of  furnishing  to  all  infor- 
mation as  to  the  educational  and  industrial  advancement  made  by 
the  race,  and  what  the  race  has  done,  is  doing,  and  might  do,  in 
every  department  of  life,  that  we,  the  colored  women  of  Chicago, 
request  the  World's  Columbian  Commission  to  establish  an  office 
for  a  colored  woman  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  collect  exhibits 
from  the  colored  women  of  America,  and  arrange  them  according 
to  the  classification  heretofore  made.  Be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  Chair 
to  present  these  resolutions  to  the  Classification  Committee,  and 
urge  upon  them  to  grant  this  request. 

Mrs.  Logan  moved  that  these  resolutions  be  referred  to  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  seconded  Mrs.  Logan's  motion. 

Mrs.  Logan's  motion  was  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Langworthy,  Nebraska,  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  extended  to  the  Committee  on  By-Laws  for  its  services. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  First  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution, 
and  moved  its  adoption: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  emphatic  sense  of  this  Board  that 
the  President  of  the  Board  should  be  paid  a  just  compensation 
for  her  services,  which  necessarily  will  be  onerous  and  involve  a 
large  degree  of  personal  responsibility. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hartpence,  Ohio,  presented  the  following  resolutions: 
WHEREAS,  The  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  to  be  held  in 
1893,  presents  the  fullest  opportunity  for  an  exhibition  which 
will  test  the  capability  of  woman  in  the  field  of  science  and  liter- 
ature, and  the  industrial  and  fine  arts,  thus  showing  her  capacity, 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  119 

her  self-help  and  her  ability  to  be  useful  in  a  wider  range  of 
employment  than  has  hitherto  been  accorded  her,  and 

WHEREAS,  Not  only  the  women  of  the  United  States,  but 
those  of  other  nations  are  feeling  and  taking  a  deep  interest  in 
the  success  of  an  exhibit  that  will  demonstrate  what  has  been 
accomplished  in  the  past  by  women,  and  the  possibility  that  waits 
upon  her  future  with  broader  opportunities,  and  have  signified 
their  willingness  to  aid  in  the  accomplishment  of  the  work  here 
suggested,  and 

WHEREAS,  This  body  of  Lady  Commissioners  have,  in  view 
of  the  action  of  the  Federal  Government  in  recognizing  them  as 
identified  with  the  preparation  and  conduct  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition,  ample  facilities  to  accomplish  what  is  hereinbefore 
proposed,  and  thus  render  said  Exposition  of  real,  substantial,  and 
lasting  benefit  to  woman,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  there  be  appointed  a  committee,  of  which 
the  President  of  this  Commission  shall  be  ex-officio  Chairman, 
composed  of  five  members  from  the  City  of  Chicago,  and  two 
members  from  each  State  and  Territory  and  the  District  of 
Columbia.  The  duty  of  said  committee  shall  be  to  take  need- 
ful steps  to  carry  out  and  into  effect  the  object  of  this  resolution. 

Resolved,  That  the  local  members  of  the  committee  be,  and 
they  are,  required  to  open  a  bureau  of  information,  statistics,  and 
correspondence,  with  reference  to  aiding  in  the  work  herein  pro- 
posed. 

Resolved,  That  they  take  proper  action  to  secure  adequate 
buildings  and  space  for  the  purposes  of  said  exhibit,  and  that 
they  do  generally  whatever  may  be  needful  to  be  done  to  carry 
into  successful  operation  the  object  hereof. 

Resolved,  That  the  members  of  the  Committee  of  the  several 
States  and  Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia  do  whatever 
may  be  deemed  necessary  and  practicable  to  secure  the  cooper- 
ation of  the  women  of  the  several  States  and  Territories, 
respectively,  to  actively  aid  in  the  preparation  of  the  work  of 
securing  suitable  and  proper  exhibits. 

Doctor  Dickinson,  of  Chicago,  moved  to  lay  the  resolutions 
on  the  table.  Seconded  and  carried. 


120  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Shepard,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  do  hereby 
most  respectfully  request  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  to  furnish  them  with  a  building  to  be 
known  as  the  Woman's  Building;  that  competitive  designs  for 
this  building  be  invited  from  the  women  architects  of  this 
country  as  well  as  from  men,  said  designs  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Board  at  the  time  of  its  next  meeting,  if  it  be  not  later  than 
April  next,  in  which  case  the  plans  are  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Executive  Committee  for  their  approval. 

On  motion,  the  consideration  of  this  resolution  was  post- 
poned. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  presented  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Standing  Committees  be  announced  as 
soon  as  possible  after  the  adjournment  of  this  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  by  mailing  to  each  member  of  the 
Board  a  complete  printed  list  of  the  same. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  submitted  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  emphatic  sense  of  this  Board  that 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  should  be  paid  a  just  compensation 
for  her  services,  which  necessarily  will  be  onerous  and  involve  a 
large  degree  of  personal  responsibility. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  moved  to  amend  Article  First  as 
follows: 

Resolved,  That  Article  First  of  the  Rules  of  Procedure  pre- 
sented by  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization  be  changed 
to  read,  "  The  rules  and  order  of  procedure  of  this  Board  shall 
be  the  same  as  those  of  the  Commission,  with  the  exception  that 
each  day's  session  shall  be  opened  by  prayer." 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  resolution,  in 
order  that  the  Board  might  have  a  distinct  understanding  as  to 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  121 

how  the  expenses  already  incurred,  and  those  yet  to  be  incurred, 
were  to  be  met: 

Resolved,  That  the  Chair  be  requested  to  name  a  committee 
of  two  to  confer  with  Secretary  Dickinson  and  report  back  to  this 
Board  the  formalities  to  be  observed  for  the  prompt  and  correct 
settlement  of  our  bills. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  and  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  were  ap- 
pointed as  committee. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  be  asked  to  confer  with  a  committee 
appointed  by  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  with 
reference  to  the  best  means  of  securing  the  largest  attendance 
from  all  parts  of  the  country. 

Referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  presented  the  following  resolu- 
tion, by  request,  which  was  seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse: 

WHEREAS,  It  is  important  to  awaken  the  interest  of  women 
of  foreign  countries  in  making  the  most  complete  exhibits  possi- 
ble of  women's  work  at  "  The  World's  Columbian  Exposition," 
and  to  induce  them  to  organize  for  effecting  this  purpose  as  well 
as  for  establishing  the  full  recognition  of  woman's  share  in  the 
manufacture  of  exhibits  which  are  partly  the  work  of  both  sexes 
in  such  countries,  and 

WHEREAS,  Women  are  better  calculated  than  men  to  interest 
their  own  sex  in  such  a  direction,  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission  recommend  to  the  Committees  on  Foreign 
Affairs  of  both  "  The  World's  Columbian  Commission  "  and  the 
directory  of  "  The  World's  Columbian  Exposition  "  that  they 
recognize  women  in  their  appointment  of  agents  to  go  abroad  in 
the  interest  of  said  Exposition,  and  that  a  copy  of  this  preamble 
and  resolution  be  sent  by  the  Secretary  of  this  Board  to  both 
committees  named. 

Adopted. 


122  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Darby,  South  Carolina,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  members  of  this  Board,  representing 
the  women  of  the  United  States,  do  tender  a  cordial  invitation 
to  women  of  other  nations  to  cooperate  with  us  in  this  grand 
exhibit  of  woman's  work,  and  that  special  invitations  be  extended 
to  the  women  of  the  Americas,  the  West  Indies,  and  Spain.  That 
our  President  be  requested  to  form  a  committee  to  confer  with 
the  Committee  of  Foreign  Affairs  on  the  Commission. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Adjourned  to  10  o'clock  Wednesday  morning,  November 
z6th. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  123 


OFFICIAL  RECORD 


OF      THE 


Board  of   Lady  Managers 

OF      THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


First  Session    Seventh  Day,  Wednesday,  Nov.  26, 1890. 

The  Board  called  to  order  at  10  A.  M.  The  presiding  officer 
(Mrs.  Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

The  Lord's  Prayer  repeated,  Mrs.  Wallace  leading. 

ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal; 
Kentucky,  Mrs.  Mary  Cecil  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  John  J.  Bagley;  New  York, 
Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford;  Montana,  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Harrison;  Texas, 
Mrs.  Rosine  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Miss  Hattie  T.  Hund- 
ley, Mrs.  Anna  M.  Fosdick;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  James  P.  Eagle, 
Mrs.  Wm.  B.  Empie,  alternate;  California,  Mrs.  Parthenia  P. 
Rue,  Mrs.  James  R.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Mary  A.  Samson, 
Mrs.  Susan  R.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Frances  S.  Ives;  Mrs. 
Isabella  Beecher  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Kinder,  Mrs. 
J.  Frank  Ball;  Florida,  Miss.  E.  Nellie  Beck;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Wm. 
9 


124  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

H.  Felton,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Joseph  C. 
Straughan,  Mrs.  Anna  E.  M.  Farnum,  alternate;  Illinois,  Mrs. 
Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Mrs.  Frances  W.  Shepard;  Indiana,  Mrs. 
Virginia  C.  Meredith;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Ora 
Elizabeth  Miller;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hester 
A.  Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss  Cora  D.  Payne;  Louisiana,  Miss 
Katherine  L.  Minor,  Miss  Josephine  Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs. 
Edwin  C.  Burleigh,  Miss  Kate  H.  Locke,  alternate;  Maryland, 
Mrs.  Alex.  Thomson;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  P.  Howes;  Minne- 
sota, Mrs.  H.  F.  Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  James  W.  Lee,  Mrs. 
John  M.  Stone;  Missouri,  Miss  Phoebe  W.  Couzins,  LL.B.,  Miss 
Lillian  M.  Brown;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  John  S.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
C.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Eliza  M.  Russell;  New  Hampshire, 
Mrs.  Mira  B.  F.  Ladd;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Mary  E.  Busselle;  New 
York,  Mrs.  Ralph  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Charles 
Price,  Mrs.  Sallie  S.  Gotten,  alternate;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  S.  W. 
McLaughlin,  Mrs.  W.  B.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hart, 
Mrs.  Walter  Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Allen;  Pennsyl- 
vania, Miss  Mary  Elliott  McCandless;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Amey 
M.  Starkweather;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,. 
Mrs.  Ellery  M.  Bray  ton;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  John  R.  Wilson, 
Mrs.  Helen  M.  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Laura  Gillespie,  Mrs. 
Susan  Gale  Cooke;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ida  L.  Turner,  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Cochran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Chandler;  Virginia,  Mrs.  John 
S.  Wise,  Mrs.  K.  S.  G.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Melissa  D.  Owings, 
Mrs.  Alice  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  W.  Newton  Linch, 

^ 

Miss  Lily  Irene  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Flora  Beall  Ginty; 
Wyoming,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Frances  E.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Miss  Laurette  Lov- 
ell,  Mrs.  George  Hoxworth,  alternate;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Edward 
L.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs.  Marie  P.  H.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Lucy  D. 
Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Salis- 
bury. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  125 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  Mrs.  Beriah  Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Bertha  M.  H. 
Palmer,  Mrs.  Solomon  Thatcher,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Lewis,  Mrs. 
James  A.  Mulligan,  Frances  Dickinson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  M.  R.  M. 
Wallace,  Mrs.  Myra  Bradwell,  Mrs.  James  R.  Doolittle,  Jr.,  Mrs. 
Matilda  B.  Carse. 

On  motion  the  reading  of  the  minutes  was  dispensed  with. 

The  Chair  announced  that  the  hall  was  engaged  for  the 
afternoon,  and  if  the  session  should  last  all  day,  the  club-room 
of  the  Palmer  House  was  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  moved  that  the  Board  adjourn  to  the 
club-room  of  the  Palmer  House,  if  an  afternoon  session  was  to 
be  held. 

The  Chair  called  for  the  committee  appointed  to  report  on 
the  method  of  liquidating  the  bills  of  the  session. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chairman,  submitted  the  following  report: 

The  correct  mode  of  procedure  toward  liquidating  the  bills 
incurred  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  is  to  have  said  bills 
approved  by  your  Secretary  or  some  other  member  appointed  for 
that  purpose,  and  then  file  said  bills  with  Secretary  Dickinson. 

The  bills  will  then  have  proper  attention. 

MRS.  MATILDA  B.  CARSE, 
MRS.  JAMES  P.  EAGLE. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  moved  that  the  President  appoint  an 
auditing  committee,  to  whom  all  the  bills  should  be  submitted  to 
go  to  the  Secretary  in  proper  form.     Seconded  and  carried. 
Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  introduced  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  body  that  the  buildings 
of  the  Columbian  Exposition  should  be  closed  on  the  Sabbath. 

The  following  remarks  by  Mrs.  Lucas  were  then  read: 
LADIES:     As   we  are   fast   becoming  a   truly  parliamentary 
body,   I,  as  the   mother  of   this   resolution,  ask  for  a  word  of 
defense  in  behalf  of  it,  in  defense  of  our  youth  and  our  working 


126  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

masses.  To  you,  O  mothers  of  sons,  sisters  of  brothers,  wives 
of  husbands,  I  speak,  and  beg  that  you  will  not  encourage, 
by  your  acquiescence  in  this  important  matter,  the  forming  of 
any  further  hindrances  to  the  proper  observance  of  the  inherited 
privilege  of  the  American  Sabbath.  Our  young  men  are  seeking 
strength  and  pleasure  at  the  wrong  fountains;  our  masses  are 
struggling  and  stumbling  in  the  darkness  for  that  rest  and 
refreshment  of  their  souls  that  can  not  be  found  in  simple 
pleasures,  no  matter  how  necessary  or  suitable  those  offered  may 
be.  The  human  heart  craves  for  that  peace  and  serenity  that 
only  the  true  worship  of  God  can  give,  and  I  entreat  you  to 
raise  your  voice  against  anything  that  will  rob  Him  of  His  glory, 
or  deprive  us  of  our  high  prerogative.  "  Remember  the  Sabbath 
day  to  keep  it  holy."  He  claims  its  observance  from  us  as  His 
right.  He  gives  us  the  opportunity,  because  He  recognizes  our 
weakness  and  knows  our  need  of  rest  to  mind  and  body.  The 
same  old  Mosaic  law  gave  to  the  people  a  "  Sabbath  day's 
journey,"  thus  indicating  that  the  Sabbath  was  not  intended  to 
be  an  irksome  yoke,  but  a  blessed  rest,  an  oasis  in  the  whirl  of 
this  busy  life.  Let  then  no  part  of  this  exhibit  interfere  with 
morning  worship,  and  if  it  should  be  deemed  wise  to  satisfy  the 
crowds,  let  the  grounds  and  the  art  galleries  be  opened  free  on  the 
Sabbath,  after  one  o'clock.  Thus  I  would  provide  against  any  bar- 
ter. This  rich  and  prosperous  land  can  well  afford  this  spirit  and 
act  of  good-will  to  the  masses.  Year  by  year  we  feel  the  encroach- 
ments of  the  Continental  Sunday  and  foreign  customs  pervading 
the  sanctity  of  the  Sabbath.  When  Lamartine,  the  great  French 
author,  visited  our  land,  he  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  aspect 
of  Sunday  in  our  then  more  observant  calm  of  the  day,  and  said: 
"  If  France  would  be  strong,  she  must  have  the  American  Sab- 
bath." France  has  not,  and  her  record  bears  testimony  to  her 
loss  of  faith.  On  the  last  Sunday  of  September  there  were  eleven 
suicides  in  the  city  of  Paris,  and  in  this  beautiful  city,  your  papers 
tell  us,  yesterday,  four  deaths  from  suicide.  In  this  beautiful 
world,  with  all  its  compensations  for  a  well-spent  life,  and  all  its 
brilliant  opportunities,  this  should  not  be.  Sin  sets  its  stamp, 
disease  follows  with  death,  and  despair  from  lack  of  love  and 
faith  drives  men  to  an  untimely  end.  Let  us  raise  our  voice  for 
the  just  observance  of  the  Lord's  day. 


Minutes  of  Mrst  Session.  127 

Roll  call  on  Mrs.  Carse's  resolution  resulted  in — 49  votes 
cast — 28  for  closing,  21  against. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  General  Furnas, 
Chairman  of  the  Sub-Executive  Committee  of  the  Columbian 
Commission,  who  was  personally  deputed  to  present  the  reply 
of  the  Commissioners  to  the  inquiries  embodied  in  the  report  of 
the  Committee  of  Conference  of  the  Board,  and  invited  General 
Furnas  to  take  a  seat  upon  the  platform. 

MRS.  POTTER  PALMER,  President  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
World's  Columbian  Commission: 

MADAM:  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  the  Commis- 
sion, at  its  session  this  morning,  adopted  the  following  resolu- 
tion: 

"  Resolved,  That  the  salary  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  be  fixed,  for  the  present,  at  $2,000  per  annum, 
said  salary  to  be  in  lieu  of  the  per  diem  and  transportation  ex- 
penses allowed  to  Lady  Managers  by  the  By-Laws  of  this  Com- 
mission." 

In  accordance  with  further  action  of  the  Commission  in  this 
respect,  a  room  will  be  set  apart  at  the  office  headquarters  of  the 
Commission  in  this  city  for  the  use  of  the  Secretary  and  other 
officers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  there  will  be 
allowed  for  the  incidental  expenses  of  said  office,  stationery, 
postage,  books,  etc.,  a  sum  not  exceeding  $500  per  annum. 

The  Commission  has  also  adopted  the  following  in  reference 
to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 

"That  for  the  present  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  in 
matter  of  committees,  provide  only  for  an  Executive  Committee, 
with  full  power  to  act  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  its  work,  sub- 
ject to  the  limitations  of  the  Act  of  Congress;  that  said  Com- 
mittee consist  of  twelve  (12)  ladies,  selected  in  equal  numbers 
from  each  of  the  four  geographical  divisions  of  the  United 
States  and  Territories;  the  President  of  the  Board  to  be  ex- 
offirio  member  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee;  that  the  Secre- 
tary shall  be  Secretary  of  the  Committee,  but  not  a  member 
thereof. 

"  That  at  the  proper  time  a  suitable  building  or  accommo- 


128  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

dation  on  the  Exposition  grounds  be  provided  and  placed  under 
the  control  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of   Lady 
Managers  for  official  and  other  purposes,  as  requested." 
Very  respectfully, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON, 

Secretary. 

Mrs.  Barker  inquired  if  this  was  mandatory  or  suggestive. 

General  Furnas  stated  that  he  thought  it  was  only  suggest- 
ive, and  he  believed  it  good  policy  to  condense  the  Board  into  as 
small  a  body  as  possible. 

Mrs.  Hooker  said  if  she  understood  this  report,  the  word 
was,  that  the  Executive  Committee  should  consist  of  twelve 
members.  She  wanted  to  ascertain  whether  the  Board,  under 
this  recommendation,  must  reconsider  its  previous  action,  which 
decided  that  its  Executive  Committee  should  be  composed  of 
twenty-six  members.  If  the  Board  were  to  follow  this  report  it 
would  have  to  reconsider  and  change  everything  done. 

Mr.  Furnas  thought  it  not  mandatory;  he  would  advise  the 
ladies  not  to  change  what  had  already  been  done.  The  Board 
had  liberty  and  powers  to  do  about  as  it  pleased,  outside  of  mat- 
ters of  finance.  He  said  that  the  Commissioners  had  no  fault  to 
find  with  the  action  of  the  Board,  thus  far,  in  arranging  these 
matters  in  its  own  way;  also,  that  larger  and  more  extensive 
communication  would  be  furnished  later,  and  he  advised  the 
Board  to  go  right  along,  appoint  its  committees,  and  get  the 
association  organized  for  work. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  asked  if  the  Executive  Committee 
had  authority  to  meet  until  called  by  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Commission. 

Mr.  Furnas  thought  not. 

Mrs.  Meredith  asked  if  the  report  was  the  reply  of  a  Sub- 
Committee  to  the  requests  of  the  Committee  of  Conference  of 
the  Board. 

Mr.  Furnas  said  it  was. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  129 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  moved  that  the  communication  be 
received  with  thanks,  and  that  thanks  be  also  extended  to  Mr. 
Furnas  for  his  courtesy.  Seconded  and  carried. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  stated  that  two  communications 
had  been  received  that  morning  from  the  delegations  of  colored 
women,  and  these  women  had  asked  to  be  heard,  by  our  courtesy; 
she,  therefore,  desired  the  Board  to  listen  to  Mrs.  Trent,  of 
Chicago. 

Mrs.  Trent  presented  the  wishes  and  claims  of  the  colored 
people,  and  asked  to  have  a  colored  woman  designated  by  the 
Commission  and  legally  authorized  to  be  at  the  head,  or  placed 
in  charge  of  the  exhibits  of  the  colored  people. 

Mrs.  Brayton,  Mrs.  Logan,  and  Mrs.  Trautmann  cordially 
indorsed  the  proposition. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  suggested  that  a  committee  of 
three,  to  confer  with  Mrs.  Trent  during  the  noon  recess,  might 
indicate  a  plan  of  reaching  the  subject. 

Mrs.  Meredith  moved  that  the  suggestions  of  Mrs.  Trent  be 
received  with  respect,  and  that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed 
by  the  Chair.  Seconded  and  carried. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  appointed  Mrs.  Brayton,  Mrs. 
Logan,  and  Mrs.  Cantrill  as  the  committee  to  confer  with  Mrs. 
Trent. 

The  following  telegram  was  read: 
Miss  PHOEBE  COUZINS,  Secretary  Board  Lady  Managers: 

Your  Board  invited  to  appoint  delegate  to  Woman's  National 

Council.     Have  written. 

MAY  WRIGHT  SEWELL, 

Secretary  Woman  s  National  Council. 

Mrs.  Shepard,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  do  hereby  most 

respectfully   request  the   Board   of    Directors   of   the   World's 

Columbian   Exposition  to  furnish  them  with  a  building  to  be 

known  as  the  Woman's  Building.     That  competitive  designs  for 


130  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

this  building  be  invited  from  the  women  architects  of  this 
country,  as  well  as  from  men,  said  designs  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Board  at  the  time  of  its  next  meeting,  if  it  be  not  later  than 
April  next,  in  which  case  the  plans  are  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Executive  Committee  for  their  approval. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Adjourned  to  2  o'clock  p.  M.,  to  meet  at  the  club-rooms  of 
the  Palmer  House. 


Pursuant  to  motion  for  recess,  the  Board  was  called  to 
order  in  the  Palmer  House  Club-room,  at  2  p.  M.,  the  presiding 
officer  (Mrs.  Potter  Palmer)  in  the  chair. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  presence  of  a  quorum. 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  called  for  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee appointed  to  confer  with  Mrs.  Trent,  as  the  first  unfin- 
ished business  of  the  afternoon.  Mrs.  Brayton,  Chairman,  sub- 
mitted the  following  report : 

The  committee  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
has  the  honor  to  report  that  the  colored  people  request- that  the 
Lady  Managers  recommend  to  the  Columbian  Commission  that 
in  designating  persons  to  solicit  exhibits,  that  they  recognize 
them  in  securing  exhibits  by  their  race,  and  that  the  President  of 
the  Lady  Managers,  in  appointing  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Ladies  Board,  be  respectfully  requested  to  appoint  some  Lady 
Manager  on  that  Committee  to  represent  the  interests  of  the 
colored  people. 

HELEN  C.  BRAYTON, 
MRS.  JOHN  A.  LOGAN, 
MRS.  MAY  CECIL  CANTRILL. 

On  motion,  the  report  was  adopted,  and  the  Secretary 
directed  to  transmit  a  copy  to  the  President  of  the  Columbian 
Commission. 

Mrs.  Darby,  South  Carolina,  submitted  the  following  reso- 
lution : 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  131 

Resolved,  That  the  Chair  be  requested  to  name  two  ladies 
to  be  added  to  the  Committee  already  existing  on  By-Laws,  and 
that  the  Committee  be  a  standing  one  and  designated  Committee 
on  By- Laws  and  Judiciary. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  Mrs.  Moore,  the  alternate  of  Miss  Phoebe 
Couzins,  of  Missouri,  be  considered  as  Miss  Couzins'  representa- 
tive in  the  State  work  during  the  absence  of  Miss  Couzins,  who 
will  be  required  to  be  in  Chicago  in  the  performance  of  her 
duties  as  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Co- 
lumbian Commission. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker  and  adopted. 

Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  Chicago,  offered  the  following 
resolution  and  moved  its  adoption: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers that  every  person  employed  in  producing  all  exhibits 
which  shall  receive  a  reward  of  merit  should  receive  a  litho- 
graphic fac-simile  of  the  medal  which  is  awarded  the  exhibitor. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Empie,  Arkansas,  alternate  for  Mrs.  Edgerton,  offered 
the  following  resolution: 

WHEREAS,  Mrs.  R.  A.  Edgerton,  of  Little  Rock,  a  lady  of 
culture  and  refinement,  and  who  is  now  absent  in  Europe,  having 
letters  of  introduction  to  high  officials  of  Rome,  and  who  will 
have  large  opportunities  of  seeing  woman's  work  in  its  many 
developments,  will  be  glad  to  serve  this  Commission. 

Resolved,  That  this  body  recommend  that  Mrs.  Edgerton, 
who  is  my  principal,  be  placed  in  charge  of  one  of  our  foreign 
bureaus. 

Seconded  and  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Columbian  Commission,  with  thanks  to  Mrs.  Edgerton  for  the 
offer. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  submitted  the  following  resolution, 
and  moved  its  adoption: 


132  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  body  be  given  with  a  rising 
vote  to  the  immortal  nine  of  Chicago,  with  their  alternates;  also 
to  all  the  members  from  the  State  of  Illinois  who  have  done  so 
much  to  make  us  comfortable  and  happy.  Their  beautiful 
patience  has  even  excelled  their  unequaled  generosity.  "  May 
they  live  long  and  be  happy!" 

Seconded  and  adopted  by  a  rising  vote. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  appoint  a  delegate  to  attend  the 
Woman's  National  Council,  to  be  held  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
in  1891. 

Adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  moved  that  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer  be 
appointed  the  delegate  to  represent  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
in  that  Council.  The  motion  was  received  with  applause  and 
unanimously  carried. 

The  following  protest  was  read: 

Referring  to  Article  2  of  By-Laws,  we,  the  undersigned, 
object  to  the  vote  taken  this  morning  on  the  Sunday  closing 
going  out  as  the  sense  of  this  Board,  as  the  votes  cast  did  not 
reveal  a  quorum  present.  We  therefore  call  upon  our  President 
to  rule  the  whole  proceeding  in  regard  to  the  Sunday  closing 
out  of  order. 

LORETTE  LOVELL, 
MAY  CECIL  CANTRILL, 
DOCTOR  DICKINSON, 
Miss  MINER, 
MRS.  BRAYTON, 
MRS.  DEANE. 

Motion  was  made  to  adopt  the  protest  as  the  legal  sense  of 
the  Board,  which  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Linch,  West  Virginia,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  vote  of  thanks  be  extended  to  Mr.  Kinsley 
for  the  charming  manner  in  which  he  arranged  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  ladies  of  this  Board  during  this  session. 

Adopted,  and  Secretary  instructed  to  communicate  thanks 
to  Mr.  Kinsley. 


Minutes  of  fVrst  Session.  133 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  moved  that  the  vote  taken  on 
Monday,  the   24th,  directing  the   Secretary   to  discontinue   the 
printing  of  the  minutes,  be  reconsidered.    Seconded  and  adopted. 
Mrs.  Hooker  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,   That   the   Secretary   be   instructed   to   have   the 
minutes  printed. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  the  President  appoint  a  committee  of  three, 
who,  with  the  Secretary,  will  examine  the  minutes,  correct  and 
verify  them. 

Adopted. 

The  Chair  appointed  the  following:  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Doctor 
Dickinson,  and  Mrs.  Mulligan. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York  (at-large),  submitted  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  offer  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  to  our 
President  and  Secretary  for  the  very  able  manner  in  which  they 
performed  the  very  arduous  duties  assigned  them. 

Adopted. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  our  heartiest  thanks  are  tendered  to  Mr. 
Bowen  for  his  faithful  work,  his  wonderful  patience,  and  his 
invaluable  services  during  the  sessions  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted  by  acclamation. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  said  she  rose  to  perform  the  most 
pleasant  of  duties.  The  ladies  of  the  Board  had  instructed  her 
to  present  a  testimonial  to  Mr.  Bowen,  who  had  been  so 
extremely  kind  and  patient  in  his  service  throughout  the 
session.  But  as  she  had  not  had  time  to  select  a  suitable 
memento,  the  President,  Mrs.  Palmer,  was  requested  to  perform 
the  service,  the  Board  feeling  sure  that  her  fine  artistic  taste 
could  not  fail  in  the  selection  of  a  token  for  the  material  expres- 
sion of  their  gratitude. 


134  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mr.  Bowen  rose  to  express  his  appreciation  and  said : 
"  Often  in  my  life  I  have  wished  to  be  eloquent  and  happy  in  the 
choice  of  my  language,  but  never  more  so  than  at  this  present 
moment,  in  order  to  thank  you  for  what  you  have  said  of  me  ; 
but  I  could  speak  for  a  long  time  without  ever  being  able  to  tell 
you  how  fortunate  I  consider  myself  in  having  been  detailed  to 
be  at  your  service." 

Mrs.  Thatcher  than  rose  to  perform  a  pleasant  duty.    She  said: 

I  have  before  me  a  testimonial  from  the  ladies  of  this  Com- 
mission, signed  by  all  the  members: 

"  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  Honored  President :  We,  the  ladies 
of  the  Columbian  Commission,  tender  to  you  this  silver  gavel  as 
a  slight  token  of  our  appreciation  of  the  very  able  manner  in 
which  you  have  presided  over  this  body.  Your  fair  rulings  and 
considerate  attention  to  the  claims  of  all  have  won  for  you 
golden  opinions." 

The  Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  said  : 

I  thank  you  for  your  kind  words  ;  I  have  felt  most  deeply 
your  kindness  and  forbearance  with  my  inexperience.  I  think 
in  presenting  me  with  this  silver  gavel  you  run  the  risk  of  having 
less  order,  because  I  am  sure  I  am  going  to  take  too  good  care 
of  it  to  spoil  it  in  conducting  the  meetings. 

Motion  was  made  to  thank  the  members  of  the  press  for 
their  courtesies  during  the  session.  Seconded  and  agreed  to  by 
acclamation. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  Columbia  (at-large),  submitted  the 
following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  to  be  named  by  the  President,  to 
be  called  a  Press  Committee,  be  included  in  the  standing  com- 
mittees. 

Seconded  and  adopted,  and  the  Chair  directed  to  form  the 
Press  Committee  at  once. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  resolution,  as 
an  amendment  to  Article  Third  of  the  By-Laws,  relating  to  the 
duties  of  alternates: 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  135 

Resolved,  That  in  all  cases  where  a  Manager,  who  is  a  mem- 
ber of  a  committee,  be  absent,  her  alternate  be  authorized  to 
represent  her  on  that  committee. 

A  motion  prevailed  to  reconsider  the  By-Law.  Seconded 
and  carried. 

Mrs.  Meredith's  resolution  of  amendment  was  seconded  and 
adopted,  and  the  By-Law,  as  amended,  read  as  follows: 

ARTICLE  THIRD. 
Powers  of  Alternate  Managers. 

An  alternate  Manager  shall  assume  and  perform  the  duties 
of  the  Manager  whose  alternate  she  is  only  when  her  principal 
may  be  unable  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board. 

That  in  all  cases  where  a  Manager  who  is  a  member  of  a 
Committee  be  absent,  her  alternate  be  authorized  to  represent 
her  on  that  Committee. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That   we  proceed  to  constitute   a  Committee  on 

Finance  immediately,  that  it  may  be  ready  to  approach  Congress 

at  its  first  session,  said  Committee  to  be  appointed  by  the  Chair. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Members  of  Special  Finance  Committee. 

Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker,  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Felton,  Mrs. 
Margaret  Elaine  Salisbury,  Mrs.  D.  F.  Verdenal,  Miss  Mary  E. 
McCandless,  Mrs.  Martha  B.  Stevens,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Whiting  S.  Clark,  Miss  Charlotte  Field 
Dailey,  Mrs.  Lily  Rosecrans  Toole,  Mrs.  W.  Newton  Linch. 

Doctor  Dickinson,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Vesey,  from  the  staff  of  Secretary  Dick- 
inson's office,  who  has  assisted  Mr.  Bowen,  and  cares  for  the 
letters  and  other  papers,  shall  hereby  receive  the  thanks  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 


136  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Russell  Harrison,  Montana,  moved  that  a  vote  of 
thanks  be  extended  to  the  ushers  and  the  pages. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hooker  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  alternates  be  furnished  with  badges,  as 
they  may  at  any  time  be  called  to  serve  for  their  principals,  the 
word  "alternate"  to  be  indicated  thereon. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Chair  (Mrs.  Palmer)  announced  the  arrival  of  President 
Palmer  and  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Columbian  Commis- 
sion, and  invited  the  gentlemen  to  take  seats  upon  the  platform. 

President  Palmer  submitted  the  following  resolution  from 
the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  which  had  been  unanimously 
adopted  at  its  meeting,  held  in  the  Council  Chamber  of  the  City 
Hall,  Wednesday  afternoon,  November  26,  1890,  and,  by  way  of 
preamble,  said: 

MRS.  PRESIDENT  AND  LADY  MANAGERS:  Our  Commission  is 
a  very  unruly  body  towards  the  closing  hours  of  any  session. 
Every  one  of  the  Commissioners,  I  believe,  who  lives  out  of  the 
city,  is  anxious  to  go  to  a  Thanksgiving  dinner,  and  therefore 
they  did  not  treat  your  request  with  the  consideration  that  it 
deserved  and  merited,  but  relegated  it  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, which  I  believe  is  the  Committee  which  will  have  super- 
vision, if  we  act  in  the  spirit  of  Congress.  I  do  not  know 
whether  you  understand  that  phrase;  with  us  it  is  a  very  material 
part  of  our  proceedings,  and  we  are  never  permitted  to  appoint 
a  Committee  of  an  uneven  number,  as  it  has  always  to  be  an 
even  number,  and  just  as  many  democrats  as  republicans  on  the 
Committee.  In  response  to  your  request,  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee have  formulated  certain  articles,  which  I  now  present  to 
your  President  for  your  information,  and  I  would  thank  the  Sec- 
retary to  read  them: 

Resolved,  That  the  work  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  is, 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  137 

by  the  By-Laws  of  the  Commission,  placed  under  the  direction 
and  control  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

That  the  methods  and  agencies  adopted  by  them  in  carrying 
forward  the  duties  imposed  on  them  by  the  Act  of  Congress  shall 
be  devised  and  executed  by  said  Board  without  any  direction  or 
control  of  this  Committee,  but  subject  to  the  approval  of  this 
Committee.  . 

That  we  will  recommend  the  construction  of  a  suitable 
building  or  pavilion  on  the  Exposition  grounds,  to  be  placed 
under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  for  official  and 
other  purposes. 

That  we  respectfully  request  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
to  work  in  conjunction  with  this  Committee  and  the  National 
Commission  in  efforts  to  interest  the  people  of  the  respective 
States  and  Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia  in  the  suc- 
cess of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

That  we  deem  it  inexpedient  at  this  time  to  formulate  any 
further  instructions  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  more  explic- 
itly defining  their  duties,  but  will  appoint  a  sub-committee  of 
this  Committee  to  confer  with  a  committee  of  their  Board,  at  an 
early  date,  for  the  purpose  of  more  fully  prescribing  their  duties. 

That  we  will  join  with  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  a 
recommendation  to  Congress  to  make  an  additional  appropria- 
tion to  pay  the  expenses  of  said  Board,  if  they  so  desire. 

That  we  congratulate  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  this 
Commission  upon  their  complete  organization,  and  their  great 
success  in  the  selection  of  their  eminent  officials,  and  we  wish 
them  God-speed  in  their  noble  work. 

MRS.  HOOKER:  I  am  asked  to  say  something  in  reference  to 
this  report  of  the  Committee.  If  you  will  allow  me  my  first 
words,  I  am  delighted  to  find  that  there  are  three  mistakes  in  it. 
The  one  difficult  thing  that  we  have  had  to  contend  with  in  our 
Board  is,  that  in  our  inexperience  we  have  been  afraid  that  we 
should  make  mistakes;  now  we  find  that  is  a  thing  we  are 
expected  to  do,  and  we  are  greatly  relieved. 

The  next  point  is  to  say  to  these  gentlemen  that  we  have 
this  afternoon,  while  waiting  for  their  ornate  presence,  instructed 


138  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

our  President  to  appoint  a  Finance  Committee,  and  we  under- 
stand that  she  has  so  appointed  it,  or  will  soon  do  so,  in  order  that 
we  may  go  to  Washington  and  be  present  at  the  beginning  of 
the  session  of  Congress.  If  that  is  the  desire  of  these  gentlemen 
that  it  be  carried  out,  we  shall  be  happy  to  hear  from  them,  if 
they  think  best  that  our  Finance  Committee  shall  meet  with 
them  and  appear  before  Congress  in  connection  with  them,  so 
that  they  will  testify  that  we  are  fully  authorized  to  act  in  the 
matter. 

JUDGE  MARTINDALE,  Indiana:  Ladies,  the  modesty  of  our 
President  is  proverbial;  I  think  he  only  needs  a  little  urging  to 
make  all  the  explanation  required. 

In  answer  to  the  last  question,  if  you  will  read  our  resolu- 
tion, in  the  conclusion  it  touches  that  question:  "Whereas,  we 
pledge  ourselves  to  unite  with  you."  If  you  have  appointed  a 
committee,  we  will  appoint  one  and  we  will  meet  you,  and,  allow 
me  to  say,  I  hope  I  will  have  the  good  fortune  to  be  on  that 
committee.  We  have  already  passed  that  resolution.  We  say, 
if  it  is  your  desire,  and  I  suppose  your  desire  is  expressed  in  the 
resolution  you  passed  to-day,  and  the  appointment  of  a  com- 
mittee for  the  purpose  of  executing  it. 

Now,  ladies,  pardon  me  a  few  moments.  This  has  been  a 
rebellious  and  stormy  session.  It  is  not  necessary  that  I  should 
recite  here  the  dissensions  that  had  to  be  adjusted  and  contro- 
versies that  have  arisen,  and  the  good  spirit  and  feeling  with 
which  all  of  them  have  been  settled,  but  you  must  not  suppose 
that  it  was  reached  without  great  labor,  and  to-day,  when  the 
report  of  the  committee  from  your  body  was  brought  into  our 
Commission,  it  was  during  the  discussion  of  one  of  the  most 
important  questions — the  one  really  for  which  we  were  convened 
— the  exhibiting  of  plans  and  specification?.  Under  the  Act  of 
Congress,  with  which  the  ladies  are,  no  doubt,  more  familiar  than 
the  gentlemen,  it  became  necessary  that  these  plans  and  specifi- 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  139 

cations  should  be  presented  by  the  Illinois  Directory  and 
accepted  by  the  National  Commission  before  we  could  inform 
the  President  of  the  United  States  that  he  might  proceed  to 
proclaim  to  the  world  that  the  Fair  was  established.  On 
account  of  the  changes  from  time  to  time  with  regard  to  sites, 
the  discussion  of  the  question  of  the  location  of  the  buildings 
and  their  character,  the  failure  to  secure  from  the  President  a 
proclamation,  the  impression  has  gone  abroad  that  we  are  not 
progressing  as  we  ought  to;  all  the  newspapers  are  taking  it  up, 
and  therefore  it  became  all-important  that  at  the  earliest  possible 
minute  we  should  go  ahead  and  settle  all  these  questions. 
We  were,  when  your  report  came  in,  in  consideration  of  this 
question  of  what  is  called  tentative  plans  and  other  general  speci- 
fications which  were  opposed  by  many  members  of  our  Commis- 
sion, and  the  passage  of  which  were  really  vital  to  give  efficacy 
to  every  act  that  we  have  performed.  At  this  point  these 
questions  came  up,  and  I  do  not  think  they  received  the  consid- 
eration and  attention  that  they  should  have  received;  but  on  the 
meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  which  is  the  first  time  it  is 
assembled,  it  is  charged  by  the  By-Laws  with  the  defining  of  the 
duties  or  methods  of  the  Lady  Managers  in  conducting  their 
part  of  this  business  under  the  Act  of  Congress.  I  confess  to 
you  that  I  have  not  had  time — I  have  never  had  ten  days'  harder 
work  in  my  life — and  I  have  not  had  time,  and  I  think  that  our 
Commission  had  not  given  the  matter  the  entire  consideration 
that  the  circumstances  and  that  your  request  demanded.  But  as 
soon  as  we  assembled  we  gave  it  hasty  consideration,  and 
reached  the  conclusions  we  laid  before  you.  I  think  it  is  proper 
that  I  should  state  that  I  do  not  believe  that  any  discourtesy 
was  intended  by  not  acting  in  a  general  way  on  your  asking  us  to 
fix  a  compensation  for  your  officers.  I  confess  to  you  that  I  did 
not  know  that  a  request  had  ever  been  made,  but  in  referring  to 
it  in  our  Finance  Committee,  to  which  all  resolutions  of  this 
10 


140  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

kind  are  referred,  there  being  two  resolutions,  they  seem  to  have 
lost  one,  and  acted  upon  one  without  acting  upon  the  other. 
When  our  body  assembled  it  was  thought — after  a  chastisement 
to  some  extent  of  our  Executive  Committee  in  the  National 
Commission,  by  criticism  of  its  acts — it  was  thought  inexpedient 
for  us  to  take  up  that  question  and  pass  upon  it.  We  might 
have  presented  it  to  the  Commission,  and  it  might  have  failed  to 
pass  upon  it,  and  we  therefore  decided  to  rely  upon  your  kind- 
ness and  your  forbearance,  with  the  explanation  we  are  enabled 
to  make. 

Now,  ladies,  it  is  the  desire  and  intention  of  everyone  con- 
nected with  this  Commission  that  all  the  energy  and  thought  and 
the  industry  which  the  ladies  of  America  can  bring  to  bear  for 
the  purpose  of  making  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
Chicago  in  1893  a  great  success  may  be  put  forth,  and  we  hope 
that  you  will  join  us  heart  and  hand  in  carrying  this  out.  Ladies 
do  not  stop  and  fold  their  arms  in  church-work,  they  do  not  stop 
in  domestic  life,  and  in  fashion  and  in  social  life  we  have  to  fol- 
low the  lead  of  ladies,  and  so  in  these  matters  your  own  inge- 
nuity and  energy  must  prescribe  to  you  a  duty  to  perform,  and  you 
must  perform  it. 

MRS.  HOOKER:  Judge  Martindale  has  solved  our  greatest 
difficulty.  In  the  afternoon,  while  waiting  for  you,  the  ladies 
have  asked  what  we  should  do,  and  we  said  we  could  not  tell 
them  until  we  heard  from  the  Committee.  As  I  understand  it, 
we  are  to  do  whatsoever  our  hands  find  to  do,  not  merely  for  the 
promotion  of  woman's  industry,  but  we  have  to  join  with  you, 
our  brothers,  in  making  a  glorious  success  of  the  whole  Expo- 
sition. 

JUDGE  MARTINDALE:     That  is  right. 

MRS.  HOOKER:     Now  we  are  here  to  hold  you  thereto. 

PRESIDENT  PALMER:  In  the  spirit  of  the  Act  of  Congress, 
we  will  now  call,  with  your  permission,  upon  Commissioner 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  141 

McDonald   from  California,  who  is  a  Democrat,  to  say  a  few 
words. 

SENATOR  MCDONALD:  Ladies  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers of  the  Columbian  Commission:  We  have  had  a  turbulent 
week  in  our  Commission,  and  I  must  say  that  I  have  been  defeated 
in  everything  that  I  attempted;  hence  it  has  not  gone  my  way, 
and  I  am  not  quite  satisfied  with  it,  but  the  majority  must  always 
rule.  But  I  do  feel  compensated  for  the  time  given,  ladies  of 
America,  for  all  the  efforts  I  have  made  in  this  Commission, 
when  I  see  the  great  success  that  has  been  attained  in  this  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  during  this  session.  It  so  happened  that  I 
was  the  author  of  the  paper  setting  forth  and  defining  the  duties 
of  this  Board  of  Lady  Managers.  We  did  the  best  we  could, 
and  we  have  been  working  in  the  interests  of  the  ladies  from  that 
time  to  the  present,  and  now  I  say  I  am  fully  compensated  for 
all  the  work  that  has  been  done  in  our  Commission  when  I  see 
before  me  the  evidences  of  the  great  triumph  you  have  achieved 
during  the  session  of  this  week.  I  shall  go  to  my  home  upon 
the  Pacific  Shore,  so  I  do  not  think  I  shall  have  the  pleasure  of 
meeting  these  ladies  for  one  good  long  year,  but  I  do  congratu- 
late myself  that  during  this  last  summer,  when  we  were  traveling 
over  the  greater  part  of  these  States,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific,  that  we  made  known  the  great  virtues  and  the  attainments 
of  the  lady  whom  you  have  elected  as  President  of  this  Board, 
and  how  fortunate  I  think  you  have  been,  how  fortunate  for  the 
country,  how  fortunate  for  the  success  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers;  and  without  trying  to  make  a  distinction,  I  do  believe 
that  we  gentlemen  have  done  exceedingly  well,  because  it  de- 
volved upon  the  Commissioners  to  select  the  Lady  Managers, 
and  they  have  outdone  themselves,  and  surpassed  their  own 
Board  of  Commissioners.  Ladies,  my  best  wishes  will  remain 
with  you.  I  do  hope,  and  I  do  believe,  that  this  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  Columbian  Commission  will  add  greatly  to  the 


142  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

success  of  the  World's  Fair.  I  do  believe  that  in  the  stronghold 
of  that  department  we  will  find  collected  all  that  is  beautiful — 
not  all  that  is  grand,  but  all  that  leads  upward  and  delights  us 
and  adds  to  our  pleasure.  I  am  taking  too  much  time;  I  thank  you. 

Calls  were  made  for  President  Palmer. 

PRESIDENT  PALMER:  Mrs.  President  and  Ladies:  I  had  not 
got  my  speech  quite  ready.  I  thought  I  would  come  in  toward 
the  end,  and  I  was  picking  up  crumbs  as  the  others  spoke.  But 
a  great  deal  has  been  said,  and  I  think  a  great  many  of  you 
ladies  have  wondered  why  some  instructions  were  not  given  to 
you  as  to  what  you  were  to  do.  I  always  opposed  giving  you 
any  instructions,  and  I  think  my  friend  McDonald  and  the 
other  gentlemen  have  agreed  with  me.  Woman  has  common 
sense.  She  has  ceased  to  be  a  doll  or  plaything.  She  has  brains, 
she  has  energy,  she  has  intelligence,  and  if  any  one  does  not  be- 
lieve it,  look  around  and  see  the  mothers  left  with  five  or  six  or 
eight  or  ten  children,  and  see  how  they  bring  them  up.  The  father 
either  gives  the  children  away,  takes  to  drink,  marries  another 
woman,  or  commits  suicide.  The  mother  will  go  out  and  scrub 
floors;  she  will  wash;  she  will  teach  school;  she  will  keep  board- 
ing-house, but  she  keeps  her  little  brood  around  her,  and  brings 
them  up.  I  am  sorry  to  say,  in  some  cases,  that  we  find  them 
ungrateful,  particularly  some  of  the  boys;  I  will  not  say  it  of  the 
girls. 

But  now  in  regard  to  instructions.  They  say  that  men  are 
but  children  of  a  larger  growth.  I  saw  that  in  an  old  reader  in 
school;  it  was  the  text  of  a  piece  we  had  to  read.  I  do  not 
remember  what  the  piece  was,  but  I  do  remember  the  text,  and 
I  carry  myself  back  to  when  I  was  a  boy.  Now,  if  I  had  been 
given  the  charge  of  a  fair,  I  certainly  should  have  relied  more 
upon  my  mother  for  a  suggestion  than  upon  my  father.  The 
old  gentleman  probably  would  have  taken  care  of  the  heavy 
work,  but  the  aesthetic,  the  philanthropic  part  of  it,  my  mother 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  143 

would  have  taken  care  of,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  fair,  if 
it  had  been  a  success,  would  have  owed  its  chief  success  to  my 
mother,  and  I  believe  now  that  this  fair  will  derive  its  greatest 
merit  from  the  suggestions  made  from  the  women,  and  on  that 
account  I  dislike  very  much  to  have  any  instructions  given  you. 
We  want  your  ideas  to  be  original;  we  want  you  to  assert  your- 
selves, and  I  believe  you  will  do  it. 

Another  thing,  I  look  upon  this  fair,  not  as  a  mere  aggrega- 
tion of  people  that  are  coming  here  to  have  a  good  time,  coming 
here  to  swell  the  wealth  of  Chicago  and  its  population,  for  they 
have  too  many  people  here,  in  my  opinion,  now,  but  it  is  going 
to  have  the  greatest  influence  on  the  unification  of  our  country 
of  any  events  that  have  transpired  since  our  late  unpleasantness. 
We  want  the  women  of  the  North  to  meet  the  women  of  the 
South.  We  want  them  to  find  out  that  they  have  the  same  emo- 
tions, the  same  affections,  the  same  regard  for  aesthetic  things, 
and  the  same  aspirations  as  the  women  of  the  South.  When  we 
have  the  women  of  the  South  unified  with  the  women  of  the 
North  the  day  of  jubilee  has  come  for  America,  and  I  believe 
that  that  will  be  the  one  grand,  great  result.  Many  men  may 
make  fortunes  out  of  the  Fair,  real  estate  may  boom  in  Chicago, 
but  the  grand  residuum  of  the  whole  turmoil,  of  the  seething 
caldron,  will  be  a  united  America,  and  to  that  end  the  women  of 
the  South  and  the  women  of  the  North  can  contribute  in  a 
greater  measure  than  any  other  factor. 

ONE  OF  THE  LADIES  :     When  shall  we  meet  again  ? 

PRESIDENT  PALMER  :  Your  President  has  been  asking  me 
some  very  weighty  questions,  to  be  responded  to  immediately. 
We  shall  have  to  look  at  the  law  to  see  whether  you  can  come 
together  without  permission  of  our  Executive  Committee  ;  but 
if  you  want  to  come  together  at  any  time  to  confer  about  any- 
thing, the  Executive  Committee  will  come  together,  if  necessary, 
to  authorize  you  to  come  together. 


144  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

At  the  suggestion  of  President  Palmer,  Judge  Harris,  of 
Virginia,  spoke  as  follows  : 

JUDGE  HARRIS  :  Mrs.  President  and  Ladies  :  At  this  late 
hour  I  will  not  try  to  explain  the  law  to  you.  The  Commission, 
of  which  I  am  a  member,  has  the  most  cordial  and  kind  consid- 
eration for  the  Lady  Managers,  who  are  acting  and  coOperat- 
ing  with  us.  Congress  was  wise  in  denominating  you  as  Lady 
Managers — yes,  Managers.  They  manage  the  world  ;  they  man- 
age mankind  everywhere,  and  a  man  is  better  for  being  so  man- 
aged. My  friend  says  that  in  the  spirit  of  the  Act  of  Congress 
even  numbers  should  be  on  the  committee.  It  is  right  that  we 
should  have  even  numbers  everywhere,  and  the  young  lady  who 
has  caused  a  young  man  to  walk  through  life  in  the  singular 
number  has  a  heavy  load  upon  her  conscience.  Even  numbers 
promote  the  best  interests  of  the  country  and  the  best  interests 
of  society.  Now,  my  lady  friends,  I  congratulate  the  country,  I 
congratulate  the  Commission,  and  I  congratulate  yourselves 
upon  your  orderly,  your  dignified  and  conservative  course  during 
your  stay.  There  were  some  who  seemed  to  think  that  when  the 
ladies  got  together  in  this  new  and  untried  position,  that  they 
would  run  wild,  that  they  would  make  a  raid  on  the  Treasury, 
and  that  they  would — the  dickens  knows  what  they  would  do  ; 
but  instead  of  that,  history  will  bear  testimony  that  it  has  been 
the  most  orderly  and  deliberative  body  that  has  ever  met  in  this 
country,  and  the  country  will  give  you  credit  for  your  sagacity, 
and  your  intelligence,  and  your  good  success  in  the  selection  of 
your  energetic,  your  well-adapted  and  well-skilled  Secretary, 
and  the  whole  country  will  bear  testimony  that  you  have  called 
to  preside  over  you  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  intellectual,  and 
one  of  the  most  charming  ladies  which  God  has  ever  given  to  this 
or  any  other  country.  I  was  on  the  Committee  of  Finance,  to 
which  was  referred  the  question  of  salary.  We  regarded  the 
Secretary  as  an  officer  whose  business  commenced  at  once,  and 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  145 

therefore  secured  compensation  for  her,  but  when  we  came  to 
the  President  we  felt  it  was  a  subject  almost  too  sacred  to  touch, 
and  we  adjourned  that  over  until  the  further  meeting,  when  we 
agreed  to  give  it  the  same  consideration. 

Now,  my  dear  ladies,  in  telling  you  good-by,  I  say  that  you 
have  distinguished  yourselves  even  beyond  my  expectations ; 
you  have  distinguished  yourselves  for  the  splendid  manner  in 
which  you  have  conducted  your  deliberative  body,  and  to-night 
we  part — you  with  our  best  wishes,  and  I  know  we  have  yours. 
To-day,  to-morrow,  the  next  day,  or  the  day  after,  we  will  reach 
our  homes.  Your  husbands  and  our  wives  will  say  to  us : 

"  Tis  sweet  to  hear  the  honest  watch-dog's  bark, 
Bay  deep-mouthed  welcome  as  we  draw  near  home  ; 
'Tis  sweet  to  know  an  eye  will  mark  our  coming, 
And  grow  brighter  as  we  come." 

PRESIDENT  PALMER  :  Ladies,  the  Judge  has  not  touched 
upon  the  point  uppermost  in  our  minds.  The  question  is  : 
"When  shall  we  three  meet  again?" — that  is,  the  Lady  Mana- 
gers, the  Judge,  and  myself.  I  want  him  to  answer  that  in  the 
spirit  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

JUDGE  HARRIS:  I  am  not  prepared  to  say,  but  we  will 
meet  whenever  the  Commission  meets. 

PRESIDENT  PALMER:  I  think  that  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers would  like  to  hear  from  Commissioner  King,  of  Iowa. 

MR.  KING:  Mrs.  President  and  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 
When  I  came  here  I  had  no  expectation  of  being  called  upon  to 
speak.  There  has  been  so  much  already  said  which  I  heartily 
indorse,  that  I  think  it  would  be  improper  for  me  to  take  the 
time  to  make  any  lengthy  remarks.  I  am  very  glad  that  you  are 
here.  I  am  very  glad  that  we  have  been  able  to  get  along  thus 
far  in  such  good  harmony,  and  I  think  it  is  not  surprising  that 
the  Executive  Committee  have  found  difficulty  in  formulating 
in  advance  rules,  and  regulations,  and  restrictions.  I  think  it 


146  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

would  be  difficult  to  intelligently  formulate  in  advance,  in  the 
case  of  matrimony,  proper  rules  and  restrictions  for  either  side. 
I  think  if  these  were  laid  down  in  advance  they  would  be  sure 
to  be  broken  by  one  or  the  other  party,  and  as  this  to  my  mind 
is,  in  a  certain  sense,  a  case  of  marriage,  I  hope  that  we  will  be 
able  to  go  on  together  in  the  united  relation  united  and  pleas- 
antly, and  I  think  this  has  been  typified  in  the  Presidents  which 
we  have  elected;  we  have  been  able,  in  our  united  action,  to  be 
united  in  our  Presidents,  and  call  them  both  Palmer.  I  have 
great  confidence  that  you  will  be  able  to  go  forward  with  success. 
I  have  not  so  much  confidence  in  the  Commission  on  its  part,  but 
if  you  will  correct  our  defects  and  our  errors,  as  I  think  you  will 
be  able  to  do,  we  shall  be  able  to  achieve  a  much  better  success 
than  otherwise.  I  will  not  occupy  your  time  further,  but  I  have 
confidence  that  we  shall  in  the  end  of  our  work  realize  that  this 
novel,  this  new  arrangement  of  bringing  the  ladies  into  the  cor- 
poration, in  this  grand  National  enterprise,  will  be  thoroughly 
indorsed  by  the  success  of  the  enterprise. 

MRS.  HOOKER:  I  would  like  to  ask  if  we  may  consider  this 
an  offer  of  marriage  ? 

MR.  KING:  I  am  sorry  if  I  have  been  so  misunderstood. 
I  thought  we  were  already  married. 

PRESIDENT  PALMER:  A  note  has  been  sent  to  me,  which,  with 
the  permission  of  the  President,  I  will  read:  "  I  understand  that  of 
all  the  ladies  elected  six  Vice-Presidents  are  Republicans.  The 
Democrats  are  dissatisfied."  Now,  ladies,  I  contend  this,  that  no 
one  has  any  right  to  complain  of  the  politics  of  a  lady  until  she  is 
permitted  to  vote;  and  then  you  can  arrange  yourselves  with  us  in 
the  adverse  phalanxes,  and  we  will  fight  it  out  together. 

MRS.  TRAUTMANN:  That  was  one  of  the  instructions  on  the 
first  or  second  day,  I  do  not  remember  which,  that  all  questions 
of  politics  should  be  eliminated  from  our  Board. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  147 

PRESIDENT  PALMER:  I  think  this  fire-brand  has  been  sent 
up  by  some  bad  man. 

MR.  ADLAI  T.  EWING,  Commissioner  from  Illinois:  When 
Madame  de  Stael  asked  Napoleon,  the  great  hero  of  a  hundred 
battles,  what  France  most  needed,  he  replied:  "France  needs 
most,  good  mothers."  If  I  were  to  be  asked  what  this  great 
Exposition  enterprise  needs  most,  to  make  it  a  great  success,  I 
would  say,  it  needs  the  aid  of  good  women.  But  the  question 
has  been  anticipated  and  already  answered,  and  the  enterprise 
has  the  aid  of  good  women.  I  am  happy  that  I  have  been  privi- 
leged to  be  the  resident  Commissioner  of  this  great  Commission, 
joined  with  you  in  a  great  effort  to  bring  the  world  together  in 
the  exhibition  of  articles  of  peace;  that  it  has  been  the  good 
fortune  of  the  city  in  which  I  am  privileged  to  live  to  have  se- 
cured this  great  Fair  and  the  congregation  of  good  men  and 
good  women  that  have  come  together  in  its  interests,  and  I  am 
further  rejoiced  that  it  is  the  occasion  of  the  first  recognition  of 
women  in  this  country  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  and 
by  the  hearty  indorsement  of  the  law  as  set  forth  by  the  Com- 
missioners themselves  when  they  made  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers co-extensive  with  every  interest  in  the  country.  And  I 
may  further  add  that  I  rejoice  in  a  sentiment  I  heard  here  to-day, 
that  it  was  not  to  be  a  competitive  effort  between  the  women  and 
the  men,  but  was  cooperative,  to  show  that  women  and  men, 
cooperating  together,  can  bring  about  far  greater  results  than  any 
competitive  efforts  might  do.  And  when  this  Fair  shall  have 
been  held,  when  the  world  shall  have  looked  with  wonder  upon 
its  surprising  success,  and  when  after  years  shall  have  determined 
its  lasting  benefit,  through  it  all  will  be  seen  the  hand  of  woman, 
like  the  hand  of  Rosalind,  "  Fair  beyond  comparison,  compared 
with  which,  all  other  hands  are  ink." 

PRESIDENT  PALMER  :  There  is  only  one  more,  Commis- 
sioner Hirst,  of  Florida.  We  would  like  to  hear  from  him. 


148  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

COMMISSIONER  HIRST  :  I  think  the  Executive  Committee  are 
violating  an  ancient  custom.  When  gentlemen  visit  ladies,  the 
ladies  are  supposed  to  do  the  talking. 

PRESIDENT  PALMER  :  Will  some  one  respond  to  Commis- 
sioner Hirst  ? 

MRS.  HOOKER  :  I  like  the  suggestion  of  the  Commissioner 
from  Florida.  I  notice,  always,  in  assemblages  of  gentlemen, 
especially  when  they  are  having  a  good  dinner,  and  everything 
is  charming,  they  give  the  toast  of  "  The  Ladies,"  and  they 
always  call  on  a  gentleman  to  respond.  I  never  liked  that  way, 
and  I  always  thought  that  the  ladies  should  respond. 

Miss  BUSSELLE,  New  Jersey :  Will  our  esteemed  member, 
Mrs.  Meredith,  make  a  few  remarks  ? 

MRS.  MEREDITH  :  I  do  not  think  I  have  anything  to  say. 
I  do  think  the  gentlemen  said  very  agreeable  things,  and  I  think 
we  are  pleased  to  find  that  there  is  a  spirit  of  good-will ;  I  think 
we  can  thank  the  gentlemen  for  expressing  that  good-will.  They 
have  not  touched  upon  the  question,  but,  nevertheless,  I  thank 
the  gentlemen  for  what  they  have  said,  and  I  am  sure  the  ladies 
feel  precisely  the  same  way. 

MRS.  THATCHER  :  Any  assistance  from  the  ladies  is  hardly 
necessary.  We  have  listened  with  great  pleasure  to  the  enco- 
miums of  the  Executive  Committee.  We  feel  grateful  that  our 
efforts  to  adjust  ourselves  within  the  limits'that  have  been 
allowed  us  are  appreciated.  It  has  been  the  intention  of  this 
body  to  do  all  the  work  that  the  gentlemen  would  give  us  to  do  ; 
we  have  faithfully  carried  out  every  suggestion,  every  possible 
wish  that  has  been  expressed.  We  thank  these  gentlemen  for 
the  kindly  words,  for  the  encouragement  of  their  presence,  for 
the  very  graceful  compliments  they  have  paid  us,  and  we  ask  in 
the  future  that  they  may  retain  those  same  kindly  feelings 
toward  us. 


Minutes  of  First  Session.  149 

MRS.  BARKER,  South  Dakota  :  I  remember  when  the  Inter- 
national Convention  of  Women  convened  in  Washington,  I  took 
up  a  Minneapolis  paper — Chicago  papers  would  not  have  printed 
such  a  thing — and  I  read  that  they  were  going  to  have  a  hen 
convention  down  in  Washington.  But  when  the  reports  of  the 
papers  came  back,  giving  the  most  wonderful  speeches  of  the 
women  in  this  International  Council,  and  of  the  wonderful  work 
that  was  done  there,  the  Minneapolis  paper  came  out  and  said 
"  The  Queens  of  the  world  have  just  closed  their  convention  in 
Washington,"  and  if  anybody  had  an  idea  that  this  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  could  have  been  spoken  of  in  such  a  contemptu- 
ous way  as  a  hen  convention,  I  am  sure  that  some  of  them  who 
have  listened  to  the  methodical  work  that  has  been  laid  out,  the 
earnest  discussion,  and  the  conscientious  consideration  of  the 
questions  before  them,  will  be  ready  to  say  that  the  Queens  of 
America  have  been  in  session  in  Chicago.  I  thank  the  gentle- 
men. 

MRS.  MULLIGAN,  Chicago:  In  the  spirit  of  the  Act  of  Con- 
gress, I  move  that  we  do  now  adjourn. 

MRS.  PRESIDENT  PALMER:  This  painful  moment  has  come. 
It  has  been  moved  and  seconded  that  the  Board  do  now  adjourn, 
subject  to  the  call  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Commission. 

And  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission  stands  adjourned  sine  die. 


OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session.— First  Day,  Wednesday,  Sept.  2,  1891. 

The  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Commission  met  at  10  A.  M.,  September  2,  1891,  in  Apollo  Hall, 
Chicago,  Mrs.  President  Palmer  presiding,  pursuant  to  the  fol- 
lowing call  of  the  President,  which  was  mailed  to  the  members 
of  the  Board  on  August  15,  1891: 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  to-day  by  the  Board 
of  Reference  and  Control,  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission  is  authorized  to 
call  a  meeting  of  the  Board. 

I  am,  therefore,  directed  by  the  President,  Mrs.  Potter 
Palmer,  to  notify  you  that  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers is  hereby  called  for  Wednesday,  September  2,  at  10  o'clock, 
A.  M.,  in  this  city,  and  to  request  your  prompt  attendance,  as 
matters  of  great  importance  will  be  considered  at  said  meeting. 

Please  acknowledge  receipt. 

Very  truly  yours, 

SUSAN  G.  COOKE, 
Secretary  pro  tern.  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

CHICAGO,  August  13,  1891. 

At  the  invitation  of  the  President,  Mrs.  Barker,  of  South 
Dakota,  offered  prayer. 

(151) 


162  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  roll  was  called  and  the  following  ladies  responded  to 
their  names: 

ROLL   CALL. 

MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal ;  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood  ;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Bagley  ;  New  York,  Miss  Ford  ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES.  —  Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate  ;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton  ;  Cali- 
fornia, Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane ;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson,  Mrs. 
Ashley ;  Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker ;  Delaware,  Mrs. 
Torbert,  Mrs.  Ball ;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss  Beck ;  Georgia, 
Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead  ;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Straughan  ;  Illinois, 
Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate  ;  Indiana,  Mrs.  Meredith, 
Miss  Ball,  alternate  ;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clarke,  Miss  Miller  ;  Kansas, 
Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback  ;  Kentucky,  Miss  Payne ;  Louisiana, 
Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare ;  Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs. 
Stevens ;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs.  Thomson  ;  Massachusetts, 
Mrs.  Frost ;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell ;  Minnesota, 
Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs.  Winston,  alternate ;  Mississippi,  Mrs. 
Lee,  Mrs.  Stone ;  Missouri,  Miss  Couzins ;  Montana,  Mrs. 
Rickards ;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy;  Nevada, 
Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Foley,  alternate ;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs. 
Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall ;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Smith, 
alternate  ;  New  York,  Mrs.  Trautmann  ;  North  Carolina,  Mrs. 
Kidder ;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell ; 
Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence  ;  Oregon,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs. 
Payton  ;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  McCandless,  Mrs.  Lucas  ;  Rhode 
Island,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey ;  South  Carolina,  Mrs. 
Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham,  alternate ;  South  Dakota,  Mrs. 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker ;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Cooke ;  Texas,  Mrs. 
Cochran,  Mrs.  Turner ;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Cochrane, 
alternate ;  Virginia,  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul ;  Washington^  Mrs. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  153 

Houghton  ;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  Linch,  Miss  Jackson  ;  Wisconsin, 
Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde  ;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 
MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell  ;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett ;  Oklahoma, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles ;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  —  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Bradwell,  Mrs.  Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse,  Mrs.  Shattuck,  alternate. 

Quorum  present. 

The  Chair  announced  that  since  the  meeting  last  November 
the  office  of  Secretary  had  been  declared  vacant,  and  that  the 
order  of  business  before  the  Board  was  the  completion  of  the 
organization  by  the  election  of  a  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  that  the  Board  pro- 
ceed immediately  to  the  election  of  a  permanent  Secretary. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ashley,  Colorado,  and  carried. 

Miss  Minor,  Louisiana,  moved  that  nominations  for  the  office 
be  made  without  speeches. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Bagley,  Michigan,  nominated  Mrs.  Susan  G.  Cooke, 
Tennessee,  for  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  at-large,  moved  that 
the  vote  be  taken  by  call  of  roll. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  and  carried. 

No  other  nominations  being  made,  the  roll  was  called,  the 
Chair  stating  that  those  voting  "  aye  "  would  be  counted  as  vot- 
ing for  Mrs.  Cooke.  The  result  was  as  follows: 


154  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

LADIES  VOTING  AYE. — Mrs.  Verdenal,  Mrs.  Cantrill,  Mrs. 
Lockwood,  Mrs.  Bagley,  Miss  Ford,  Mrs.  Ryan,  Mrs.  Logan, 
Mrs.  Wilkins,  Miss  Smith,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs. 
Edgerton,  Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane,  Miss  Samson,  Mrs.  Ashley, 
Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss  Beck,  Mrs.  Olmstead,  Mrs. 
Straughan,  Mrs.  Gould,  Mrs.  Shepard,  Miss  Ball,  Mrs.  Meredith, 
Mrs.  Clark,  Miss  Miller,  Mrs.  Hanback,  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Miss 
Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs. 
Thomson,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell,  Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs. 
Stone,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy,  Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Foley, 
Mrs.  Ladd,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Trautmann,  Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs. 
McConnell,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Payton,  Miss  McCand- 
less,  Mrs.  Lucas,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey, 
Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker,  Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Cochran,  Mrs. 
Chandler,  Mrs.  Cochrane,  alternate;  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul,  Mrs. 
Houghton,  Mrs.  Linch,  Miss  Jackson,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde, 
Mrs.  Hale,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss  Lovell,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs. 
Bartlett,  Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Keogh, 
Mrs.  Thatcher,  Mrs.  Shattuck,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Mrs.  BradwelL 
Mrs.  Doolittle. 

LADIES  PRESENT  BUT  NOT  VOTING. — Mrs.  Hooker,  Mrs. 
Ball,  Mrs.  Felton,  Miss  Payne,  Mrs.  Stevens,  Miss  Couzins,  Mrs. 
Riclcards,  Mrs.  Hall,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  Hartpence,  Miss 
Cunningham,  Mrs.  Brayton,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Carse,  Mrs.  Winston. 

Mrs.  Cooke  was  declared  elected  Secretary  of  the  Board  oi 
Lady  Managers,  and  expressed  her  thanks  as  follows: 

I  realize  that  the  least  heard  from  me  at  this  time,  the  bet- 
ter; but  I  can  not  allow  this  opportunity  to  pass  without  assuring 
you  how  deeply  I  feel  this  expression  of  your  favor  and  confi- 
dence, which  I  shall  certainly  try  to  merit,  and  I  thank  you 
heartily. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  155 

The  following  communications  were  then  read: 
[First.] 

September  i,  1891. 
MRS.   AMEY   M.   STARKWEATHER,   Board    of   Lady   Managers, 

World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

DEAR  MADAM:  We  have  your  favor  of  August  31,  and  in 
reply  would  say  that  we  shall  be  pleased  to  see  Mrs.  Palmer  and 
the  Lady  Managers  at  our  Miniature  on  Wednesday  afternoon 
next.  Respectfully  yours, 

WM.  PHILLIPSON. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  seconded  by  Miss  Busselle, 
New  Jersey,  the  invitation  was  accepted. 

[Second. ~\ 

CHICAGO,  September  i,  1891. 
To  Mrs.  POTTER  PALMER,  President,  and  to  the  Board  of  Lady 

Managers  : 

I  have  the  honor  to  request  the  presence  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  at  my  illustrated  lecture  on  the  "  Paris  and 
World's  Columbian  Expositions,"  to  be  delivered  at  Apollo  Hall, 
Saturday,  September  5,  at  8  p.  M. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.    B.    DE    GUERVILLE. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  seconded  by  Miss 
Busselle,  New  Jersey,  the  invitation  to  attend  the  lecture  of  Mons. 
A.  B.  de  Guerville  was  accepted. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Trautmann: 
Resolved,  That  when  this  board  adjourn  to-day,  it  adjourn  at 
12.30  o'clock,  until  10  o'clock  to-morrow  morning,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  visiting  this  afternoon  the  World's  Fair  Grounds,  to  par- 
ticularly inspect  the  work  being  done  on  the  Woman's  Building, 
and  to  generally  examine  the  grounds  and  buildings  in  order  to 
gain  such  information  as  will  enable  this  Board  to  proceed  intel- 
ligently in  the  consideration  of  all  matters  that  may  be  submitted 
for  formal  action  thereon,  at  this  session. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  at-large,  and  adopted. 
11 


156  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  Congressman  Springer, 
of  Illinois,  the  author  of  Section  6  of  the  Act  of  Congress 
authorizing  the  World's  Fair  Bill. 

After  a  short  address  from  Mr.  Springer,  the  President  pre- 
sented the  following  report: 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  greet  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers.  We  have  come  together  with  one 
prevailing  sentiment, — that  of  rejoicing  that  we  are  enabled  to 
meet,  after  a  year  of  thought  and  experiment,  to  perfect  the  plans 
for  the  great  work  which  has  been  assigned  us. 

When  we  compare  the  frail  and  uncertain  foothold  of  a  year 
ago  with  the  firm  ground  upon  which  we  now  stand,  we  must 
feel  elated  at  the  contrast.  We  were  then  not  even  sure  that 
Congress  would  not  largely  reduce  our  membership,  a  measure 
with  that  end  in  view  having  been  proposed  by  a  member  from 
Missouri.  An  appropriation  by  the  Government  for  our  Board 
seemed  very  doubtful.  We  were  by  no  means  confident  as  to  the 
willingness  of  the  Directors  to  grant  us  a  building,  and  it  was 
unsettled  whether  the  Commission  would  prescribe  for  us  a  line 
of  duties  more  important  than  the  general  and  indefinite  task  of 
working  in  the  separate  States  to  interest  the  people  in  the  Expo- 
sition. 

But  when  we  review  the  gradual  steps  by  which  we  have 
slowly  gained  one  point  after  another, — from  the  Directory,  a 
superb  building;  from  Congress,  favorable  legislation,  and  from 
the  Commission,  the  right  and  duty  to  take  entire  charge  of  all 
the  interests  of  women  at  the  Exposition,  we  must  feel  that  we 
have  been  upheld  and  sustained  for  the  accomplishment  of  a 
grand  purpose;  that  we  have  a  mission  to  fulfill  which  we  must 
regard  as  sacred,  and  that  to  its  accomplishment  we  must  bend 
our  untiring  energies. 

Before  proceeding  to  a  detailed  statement  of  the  progress 
we  have  made,  I  wish  to  touch  upon  one  point  which  seems 
to  me  to  be  of  great  importance.  You  have  all  doubtless  re- 
ceived a  voluminous  assortment  of  pamphlets  and  other  docu- 
ments which  have  been  sent  out  from  Chicago.  The  gist  and 
tenor  of  these  seems  to  be  that,  since  the  adjournment  of  the 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  157 

Board,  the  representatives  left  here  have  surrendered  some  of 
the  privileges  and  prerogatives  of  this  Board,  and  that  its  power 
and  right  to  govern  itself  have  been,  in  a  greater  or  less  degree, 
relinquished.  These  documents  are  intended  to  persuade  you 
that  when  you  were  last  here  you  were  the  possessors  of  rights 
and  privileges  which  have  now  disappeared.  I  trust  it  will  be 
fully  demonstrated,  before  our  adjournment,  that  it  was  not  a 
desire  for  the  welfare  of  our  Board  which  prompted  the  circu- 
lation of  this  literature,  but  that  it  was  prompted  by  an  ulterior 
motive.  I  will  pass  over  that  now,  and  merely  say  a  few  words 
as  to  the  substance  of  the  documents. 

Only  once  since  our  adjournment  has  the  Commission,  through 
its  properly  authorized  subordinate  bodies,  taken  any  action  which 
relates  to  our  sphere  of  duties.  This  action  was  expressed  in 
the  resolutions  of  the  Board  of  Control,  passed  at  its  meeting 
on  March  n,  1891.  It  is  these  resolutions,  then,  to  which  refer- 
ence is  made  when  it  is  said  that  our  rights  have  been  infringed. 
This  is  the  action  which,  it  is  said,  your  representatives  should 
have  resisted.  Allow  me,  briefly,  to  refer  to  the  facts  which 
preceded  the  passage  of  these  resolutions. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  when  we  convened  for  the  first 
time,  the  only  laws  relating  to  our  being  were  the  Act  of  Congress 
and  By-Law  Eleven  of  the  National  Commission.  The  only  pos- 
sible difference  of  opinion  that  could  arise  as  to  the  construction 
of  the  Act  of  Congress  would  be  in  the  interpretation  of  the 
word  "duties"  in  the  phrase:  "a  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  of 
such  number,  and  to  perform  such  duties,  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  said  Commission." 

Did  Congress  intend  that  the  Commission  should  dictate  to 
us  a  certain  line  of  work,  and  then  leave  us  entirely  free  to  form 
our  own  organization,  and  to  proceed  by  our  own  methods  and 
agencies,  or  did  Congress  intend  that  the  Commission  should 
not  only  dictate  to  us  a  line  of  work,  but  also  have  control  and 
supervision  of  the  methods  and  agencies  by  which  we  were  to 
carry  on  that  work?  Was  it  part  of  our  duty  to  organize  in  the 
way  the  Commission  should  direct,  and  to  follow  its  instructions 
as  to  the  details  of  our  procedure  ? 

The  National  Commission  has,  from  the  first,  been  apparently 


168  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

quite  free  from  doubt  as  to  the  proper  construction  of  the  Act  of 
Congress,  for  in  By-Law  Eleven  it  directed  us  to  organize  by 
electing  a  President  and  a  Secretary,  and  thus,  by  the  very  first 
act,  in  reference  to  us,  it  prescribed  as  a  duty,  not  certain  work, 
but  a  form  of  organization.  This  involved  the  assumption 
that  it  had  the  power  to  dictate  the  methods  and  agencies  by 
which  we  were  to  carry  on  the  actual  work,  which  it  would  sug- 
gest later.  By-Law  Eleven  also  shows  that  it  took  absolute  con- 
trol as  to  the  number  and  duration  of  all  our  meetings. 

The  attitude  and  understanding  of  our  own  Board  on  this 
subject  are  shown  by  the  fact  that  we  met  and  organized  under 
By-Law  Eleven,  with  no  protest  against  the  construction  put  upon 
the  Act  of  Congress  by  the  Commission.  After  electing  a  Presi- 
dent and  a  Secretary,  as  directed,  our  acquiescence  in  its  assump- 
tion of  authority  was  further  shown  by  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  to  confer  with  the  Committee  of  Conference  from  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission,  to  receive  from  it 
further  instructions.  The  resolution  of  our  Board,  by  which  this 
committee  derived  its  authority,  and  which  was  offered  by  Mrs. 
Felton,  of  Georgia,  is  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the 
Chair,  to  confer  with  the  gentlemen  Commissioners  as  to  their 
construction  of  the  law  authorizing  the  appointment  of  this 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  that  we  may  not  exceed  the  proper 
limit  in  expenses,  or  in  any  other  direction  which  may  expose 
our  organization  to  unfriendly  criticism  by  Congress,  or  by  the 
country.  Let  us  make  sure  that  we  are  in  harmony  with  the  law 
and  with  the  Commissioners. 

Thus,  from  the  first,  there  has  seemed  to  be  no  difference  of 
opinion  between  our  Board  and  the  Commission  as  to  the  right 
of  the  latter  tc  dictate  our  form  of  organization  and  procedure. 
And  later,  on  the  26th  of  November,  when  President  Palmer 
presented  the  resolution  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Commission,  to  the  effect  that  our  work  was  to  be  placed  under 
the  direction  and  control  of  the  said  Executive  Committee,  but 
that  we  were  to  be  allowed  to  choose  our  own  methods  and 
agencies  in  carrying  forward  the  work,  subject  only  to  its 
approval,  the  resolution  was  hailed  by  the  women  of  our  Board 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  159 

as  being  a  concession  and  grant  to  us  by  the  said  Executive 
Committee  of  rights  which  undoubtedly  belonged  to  it. 

In  regard  to  this  concession,  it  must  be  observed:  First,  that 
as  it  was  in  no  sense  a  contract  between  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee and  our  Board,  but  a  mere  gratuity,  there  was  no  reason  why 
it  could  not  be  revoked  at  any  moment.  Second,  that  if  there 
could  have  been  any  possible  doubt  as  to  the  power  of  the 
Executive  Committee  to  revoke  this  grant  and  resume  the  same 
control  of  our  methods  and  agencies,  and  all  our  forms  of  organi- 
zation, which  it  had  previously  had,  such  doubt  is  put  at  rest  by 
the  qualifying  phrase  which  follows  the  grant,  and  which  reads 
'•'•subject  to  the  approval  of  this  Committee." 

It  may  be  further  noted,  that  among  the  resolutions  presented 
by  President  Palmer  and  others,  on  behalf  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Commission,  was  the  following :  "  That  we 
deem  it  inexpedient,  at  this  time,  to  formulate  any  further 
instructions  as  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  more  explicitly 
defining  their  duties,  but  will  appoint  a  sub-committee  of  this 
committee  to  confer  with  a  committee  of  their  Board  at  an 
early  date,  for  the  purpose  of  more  fully  prescribing  their 
duties." 

These  resolutions  were  presented  late  on  the  afternoon  of 
November  26th,  and  shortly  afterward,  the  Executive  Committee 
having  prescribed  nothing  further  for  us  to  do,  the  Board  neces- 
sarily adjourned. 

Notice,  then,  the  state  of  affairs  when  the  ladies  left  this  city 
for  their  homes.  The  work  of  our  Board  was  under  the  direction 
and  control  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  our  Board  was  the 
temporary  repository  of  the  power  of  the  Executive  Committee 
to  regulate  our  methods  and  agencies,  which  power  was  subject 
to  revocation  at  its  pleasure,  and  the  Executive  Committee  had 
explicitly  stated  that,  at  some  future  time,  it  would  have  some- 
thing more  to  say  in  regard  to  our  duties. 

Allow  me,  here,  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  this  construction 
of  our  relative  duties  and  privileges  was  arrived  at  without  any 
friction  or  difference  of  opinion  between  our  Board  and  the 
Commission.  In  the  whole  of  our  minutes  no  protest  is  to  be 
found  against  the  assumption,  by  the  Commission,  that  it  had 


160  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

the  right  to  dictate  our  methods  of  organization  and  procedure, 
and  the  right  to  approve  or  disapprove  our  methods  and 
agencies.  If,  in  acquiescing  in  that  assumption,  any  concessions 
were  made  of  rights  which,  by  a  proper  construction,  should  have 
belonged  to  us,  let  it  be  borne  in  mind  that  such  acquiescence 
and  concessions  were  made  and  understood  by  our  full  Board, 
when  all  the  ladies  were  here. 

If  our  Board,  by  a  proper  construction,  should  have  been 
entirely  free  from  the  dictation  of  the  Executive  Committee,  as 
to  our  forms  of  organization,  and  as  to  our  methods  and  agencies, 
then  protest  should  undoubtedly  have  been  made  by  our  Board 
during  its  first  meeting,  against  such  usurpations  of  power,  and 
the  proper  steps  taken  to  have  our  rights  established. 

In  February  the  Board  of  Control  was  in  session  in  this  city, 
and  was  discussing  the  possibility  of  calling  a  meeting  of  the 
Commission.  Taking  advantage  of  its  presence  here,  I 
requested  that  it  call  a  meeting  of  our  Board,  and  also  that,  in 
accordance  with  the  above  resolution,  it  still  further  prescribe 
our  duties,  in  order  that  we  might  know,  when  we  met,  what  our 
powers  and  duties  were.  The  Board  of  Control  replied  that  it 
had  no  money  to  defray  the  expenses  of  a  meeting  of  our  Board, 
and  hence  must  refuse  to  authorize  it;  but  in  reply  to  my  request 
that  it  still  further  prescribe  our  duties,  it  passed,  on  the  nth 
day  of  March,  the  following  resolutions,  a  copy  of  which  was 
sent  me : 

*****"  Now,  therefore,  for  the  purpose  of 
more  fully  fixing  and  defining  the  powers  and  duties  of  said 
Board  of  Lady  Managers, 

Resolved,    By  the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control, 

1.  That  the  Board   of  Lady  Managers  be,  and  they  are 
hereby    directed  and   empowered   to  appoint  one-half  of  the 
members  of   all   committees   authorized   to   award    prizes     for 
exhibits  which  may  be  produced  in  whole  or  in  part  by  female 
labor. 

2.  That  said  Board  shall  have  the  management  and  control 
of  the  building  known  as  the  Woman's  Building. 

3.  That  said  Board  shall  have  general  charge  and  manage- 
ment  of   all   the   interests   of   women    in  connection   with    the 
Exposition;  and  it  is  hereby  recognized  and  declared  to  be  the 
official  channel  of  communication  through  which  all  women,  or 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  161 

organizations  of  women,  may  be  brought  into  relation  with  the 
Exposition,  and  through  which  all  applications  for  space  shall 
be  made  for  the  use  of  women,  or  their  exhibits,  on  the  grounds 
or  in  the  buildings,  or  for  the  construction  of  buildings  intended 
exclusively  for  women's  use  in  the  Exposition;  and  that,  in 
respect  to  these,  and  all  similar  matters  connected  with  the 
preparation  for  and  the  management  of  the  Exposition,  in  so  far 
as  the  same  relates  to  women's  work,  women's  exhibits,  and 
women's  interests  in  general,  the  direction  and  approval  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  through  its  President,  shall  be  neces- 
sary before  final  and  conclusive  action  is  taken. 

4.  That,  in  conducting  the  work   herein   assigned   to   said 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the  same  shall  in  all  things  be  done 
under  the  diiection  and  supervision,  and  with  the  approval  of 
the  President  of  said  Board,  who  shall  have  full  and  complete 
control,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
said   Board,    and  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission   and  its 
Director-General;    and   that  all   correspondence,   clerical,    and 
working  force,  and  expenditures  of  money  shall  be  directed, 
ordered,  and  approved  by  the  President  of  said  Board,  who  shall 
have  all  accounts  duly  audited,  and  certify  the  same  to  the  Board 
of  Reference  and  Control  for  approval. 

5.  That,   owing  to   the   evident  intention    of  Congress  to 
allow  few  meetings  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the 
Executive  Committee  thereof,  or  a  Sub-Committee  of  said  Execu- 
tive Committee,  is  hereby  authorized   and   empowered,  in  the 
absence  of  the  Board,  to  exercise  any  and  all  powers  which  said 
Board  might  exercise  in  session,  including  the  right  and  privilege 
of  amending  its  By-Laws,  should  said  Executive  Committee,  or 
Sub-Committee,  at  any  time  deem  it  necessary  or  advisable. 

6.  That  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum  shall 
be  paid  to  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  to  date 
from  her  election  to  said  office  on  the  zoth  day  of  November, 
1890,  and  a  salary  of  three  thousand  dollars  shall  be  paid  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  to  date  from  the 
first  day  of  March,  1891;  each  of  said  salaries  shall  be  subject, 
however,  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  as 
required  by  law." 

A  careful  scrutiny  of  these  resolutions  will  show  that  they 
neither  attempt  nor  accomplish  anything  more  than  a  change  in 
our  methods  of  organization.  Furthermore,  these  resolutions 
were  subsequently  ratified,  in  almost  the  identical  words,  by  the 
Commission's  Executive  Committee,  its  Judiciary  Committee, 
and  by  the  Commission  itself,  at  its  April  meeting,  so  there  can 


162  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

be  no  doubt  of  their  binding  force.  For  one  of  your  officers  to 
deny  the  authority  of  the  Commission  to  direct  and  control  our 
work,  and  to  regulate  our  organization,  at  this  late  day,  would 
have  been  a  revolutionary  step.  This  full  Board  had,  by  its 
action,  determined  upon,  and  established  its  relation  to  the  Com- 
mission. It  had  openly  acknowledged  itself  subject  to  certain 
orders  of  the  Commission,  and  if  one  of  your  officers,  after  the 
adjournment  of  the  Board,  had  taken  it  upon  herself  to  say 
that  such  action  as  this  by  the  Commission  was  illegal,  and  to 
repudiate  it,  it  would  have  been  a  most  unwarrantable  usurpa- 
tion, and  a  breach  of  her  duty  to  this  Board. 

Thus  it  appears  that  your  representatives  would  have  had 
no  right  to  complain  of  these  resolutions,  even  if  they  had  been 
esteemed  hostile  to  our  Board.  But  let  me  go  further,  and 
point  out  that,  even  if  our  Board  could  legally  object  to  them, 
we  could  have  no  possible  motive  for  so  doing,  when  we  examine 
them  and  find  that,  instead  of  being  hostile  to  our  interests, 
these  resolutions  give  us  a  fullness  of  power,  and  an  amplitude 
of  scope  that  we  had  not  dared  hope  for.  In  order  to  under- 
stand them  fully,  let  us  for  a  moment  scrutinize  them. 

We  had  never  expected  to  have  more  than  one  member  on 
each  jury  of  award  that  was  to  pass  upon  work  done  wholly  or 
in  part  by  women.  The  first  resolution  allows  us  to  name  half 
the  members  of  each  of  such  juries,  and  though  this  was  subse- 
quently altered,  its  final  form  is  none  the  less  liberal  to  us. 

The  second  resolution  gives  us  full  control  over  the  Woman's 
Building.  The  extent  of  this  concession  can,  perhaps,  be  better 
realized  when  I  state  that  this  is  the  only  Building  over  which 
the  Commission  has  given  up  its  jurisdiction.  This  resolution 
also  shows  that,  notwithstanding  the  determination  of  the  Com- 
mission to  forbid  absolutely  the  separation  into  different  buildings 
of  exhibits  which,  by  their  classification,  should  be  shown  together, 
they  have  yielded  this  point  to  us,  in  allowing  us  to  have  whatever 
we  pleased  in  our  Building,  giving  us  liberty,  if  we  choose,  to 
duplicate  exhibits  shown  in  other  buildings — a  privilege  which 
has  been  denied  to  every  State  and  to  foreign  countries. 

The  third  resolution  contains  the  greatest  grant  of  power, 
and  far  surpasses  our  most  sanguine  expectations.  Every  clause 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  163 

that  could  be  thought  of  to  convey  full  and  complete  authority  to 
our  Board,  or  to  prevent  misunderstanding  or  evasion  of  it  by 
others,  was  employed  to  give  us  jurisdiction  over  all  the  interests 
of  women  at  the  Fair. 

The  fourth  resolution  enumerates  and  assigns  to  the  President 
the  duties  usually  incident  to  the  office.  These  are,  general 
direction  and  supervision  of  the  affairs  of  the  Board,  subject  to 
the  constituted  authorities.  The  latter  part  of  the  resolution 
enumerates  and  assigns  to  the  President  duties  that  are  always 
incident  to  that  office,  but  which  are  not  explicitly  stated,  though 
naturally  implied  in  our  own  By-Laws,  such  as  the  direction  of 
the  correspondence.  The  only  change  made  was  in  assigning 
the  auditing  of  the  accounts  to  the  President,  which,  under  our 
By-Laws,  was  to  be  done  by  the  Secretary.  The  attention  of  the 
Board  of  Control  was  doubtless  called  to  this  matter  by  the  fact 
that  important  documents  requiring  their  action  were  sent  to 
them  from  our  office  by  the  Secretary  without  the  knowledge  or 
approval  of  the  President  of  this  Board.  These  documents 
contained,  among  other  things,  requests  that  certain  individuals, 
appointed  by  the  Secretary,  be  confirmed  as  clerks  in  our  office, 
and  that  their  salaries  be  fixed,  thus  ignoring  our  By-Laws,  which 
had  provided  for  the  arrangement  of  these  details  within  our  own 
body.  The  accounts  from  our  office  were  also  audited  for  pay- 
ment by  the  Secretary.  That  this  was  considered  an  unnatural 
and  undesirable  state  of  affairs,  is  indicated  by  the  action  of  the 
Board  of  Control,  in  referring  these  documents  to  the  President 
for  her  sanction  before  acting  upon  them.  The  Board,  as  has  been 
stated,  expressed  its  disapproval  by  prescribing  that  the  President 
should  thereafter  direct  the  correspondence,  audit  the  bills,  etc. 

The  next  resolution  was  evidently  intended  to  permit  the 
Executive  Committee,  in  case  the  full  Board  was  not  allowed  to 
meet,  to  so  alter  our  By-Laws  as  to  incorporate  the  slight 
change  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Control.  Our  members  can 
easily  see  the  difficulties  that  might  have  arisen  in  case  our 
Board  had  not  been  allowed  by  Congress  to  meet  this  year,  and 
our  By-Laws  had  been  at  variance  during  a  long  period,  with 
the  duties  prescribed  by  the  Commission.  Awkward  complica- 
tions might  have  arisen,  and  your  officers  might  have  been  put 
in  a  serious  dilemma. 


164  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

In  this  resolution  we  can  see,  again,  the  thoughtfulness  of 
the  Commission,  and  its  kindly  feeling  for  this  Board  when  it 
provides  that,  in  case  Congress  refuses,  at  any  time,  to  make 
appropriation  for  our  meeting,  our  powers  need  not  lapse,  nor 
need  we  remain  in  a  state  of  forced  inactivity,  but  that  our 
Board  may  still  live,  doing  its  work  in  the  various  States,  and 
temporarily  maintaining  its  identity  and  integrity  through  such 
a  representative  committee  as  we  could  afford  to  bring  together 
however  small,  and  so  be  enabled  to  continue  our  work  for  the 
Exposition  of  1893. 

That  Congress  did  not  approve  of  our  meeting,  was  shown 
by  the  fact  that  when  an  itemized  estimate  of  our  expenses  was 
submitted  for  the  present  fiscal  year,  amounting  to  $52,000,  in 
which  was  included  an  item  of  $15,000  for  a  meeting,  the  latter 
item  was  stricken  out  in  toto,  and  the  others  allowed  to  remain. 
The  only  reason  we  are  enabled  to  meet  now  is,  that  when  the 
bill  was  passed  the  itemized  estimate  was  not  adopted,  and  we 
were  given  $36,000  without  conditions.  Thus  upon  the  face  of 
the  bill  there  appeared  no  reason  why  we  could  not  use  part  of 
the  $36,000  for  a  meeting,  in  case  we  esteemed  it  the  most 
profitable  way  of  spending  the  money.  Of  course,  as  long  as 
we  can  secure  suitable  appropriations,  there  is  no  question  as  to 
our  meeting,  and  with  the  good  record  which  we  have  made, 
and  which  I  am  sure  we  will  maintain,  our  future  meetings  will 
probably  not  be  denied  us;  but  the  provision  of  the  Commission 
for  a  possible  emergency  is  none  the  less  thoughtful. 

The  fixing  of  the  salary  of  your  President  was  a  courtesy. 
The  salary  of  the  Secretary  was  increased  to  $3,000,  the 
increase  to  date  from  the  first  of  the  next  month.  This  gen- 
erosity toward  the  officers  of  the  Board  will,  I  am  sure,  be 
appreciated  by  all  the  ladies,  although  I  thought  it  best  to 
decline  the  salary  assigned  me,  except  such  a  portion  as  would 
pay  a  private  Secretary.  I  felt  that  it  was  a  pleasure  to  do  the 
work  without  any  salary,  and  as  the  amount  would  necessarily 
have  been  deducted  from  the  $36,000  which  was  assigned  to  us 
by  Congress,  I  was  glad  to  have  this  opportunity  of  practicing 
an  economy  of  our  resources. 

When  the  resolutions  of  the  Board  of  Control  were  reported 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  165 

to  the  Commission,  one  of  the  Commissioners  came  in  to  talk 
with  me  about  the  clause  referring  to  women  on  juries.  The 
Board  of  Control  had  said,  as  we  have  seen,  that  we  could  name 
one-half  of  all  the  members  of  each  jury  that  was  to  award 
prizes  for  work  which  was,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  product  of 
female  labor.  He  thought  this  was  extreme,  and  suggested  that 
the  Committee  could  not  have  realized  that,  though  women's 
work  enters  into  almost  all  manufactured  articles,  its  proportion 
in  some  articles  is  very  small.  The  Commissioner  was  courteous 
enough  to  say  that  they  would  make  no  change  without  our 
consent,  but  he  wanted  us  to  understand  all  the  bearings  of  the 
matter.  He  cited  carriage-making  as  an  instance.  In  this, 
women  perhaps  do  nothing  but  sew  the  curtains,  and  it  is 
probable  that  no  woman  understands  all  the  points  of  carriage- 
making  sufficiently  well  to  be  a  member  of  a  jury  of  award.  He 
thought  it  would  be  manifestly  absurd  to  make  one-half  of  such 
a  jury  consist  of  women,  simply  because  they  sewed  the  curtains 
of  carriages.  Furthermore,  such  action  would  be  likely  to 
prejudice  possible  foreign  exhibitors.  One  of  the  first  questions 
asked  would  probably  be  as  to  how  the  juries  were  to  be  con- 
stituted. If  told  they  were  to  be  one-half  women,  it  might 
prevent  foreigners  sending  exhibits.  They  would  think,  whether 
truly  or  not,  that  women  would  not  be  intelligent  judges  in 
departments  where  their  work  is  insignificant.  We  finally  agreed 
that  the  most  fair  and  just  arrangement  would  be  to  so  change 
the  clause  that  women  should  have  representation  on  each  jury 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  work  done  by  them  on  articles  to 
be  judged.  We  should  then  have  the  whole  jury  in  departments 
where  women's  work  alone  is  shown,  and  elsewhere  such  a  pro- 
portion as  we  could  show  we  were  entitled  to.  This  seemed  so 
fair  that  I  could  make  no  objection,  and  I  trust  it  will  so  appear 
to  the  Board. 

We  further  discussed  how  the  clause  should  be  framed,  in 
case  we  could  not  find  women  competent  to  act  on  the  juries  in 
some  departments  of  the  classification, — whether  we  should  then 
appoint  men,  or  leave  the  places  vacant.  This  is  a  point  for 
our  Board  to  decide. 

The  only  other  changes  made  by  the  Commission  in  the  rules 


166  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

passed  by  the  Board  of  Control  were,  first  to  strike  out  the 
words,  "on  the  grounds,"  in  one  clause,  because  where  that 
phrase  occurred  it  might  possibly  cause  a  conflict  of  authority 
with- one  of  the  committees  of  the  Commission;  and,  second,  to 
change  the  date  for  the  beginning  of  the  salaries  previously 
fixed  for  the  President  and  Secretary. 

These,  then,  are  the  resolutions  which  were  ratified  by  the 
Commission,  its  Executive  Committee,  and  its  Judiciary  Commit- 
tee, and  of  which  so  much  has  been  said.  Through  them  we 
recognize  in  the  Commission  our  greatest  friend  and  ally,  to 
whom  we  owe  our  large  and  representative  membership,  as  well 
as  a  scope  of  duties  that  will  tax  our  powers  to  the  utmost,  if  we 
carry  out  all  their  magnificent  possibilities. 

After  reading  these  full  concessions  of  power  to  us,  one  is 
surprised  and  indignant  that  the  Commission,  or  the  Board  of 
Control,  should  be  considered  our  enemies,  and  that  these  very 
resolutions  should  have  been  quoted  as  showing  that  they  wished 
to  destroy  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  appropriation  bill,  which  gave  $36,000  to  our  Board, 
was  unfortunately  not  phrased  as  our  friends  intended.  Instead 
of  reading,  "  of  which  sum  $36,000  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,"  the  words  were,  "the  sum  of  $36,000 
to  be  used  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers."  This  makes  a 
great  difference  in  the  construction,  and  renders  it  necessary  for 
us  to  continue  to  submit,  during  the  present  fiscal  year,  all  of 
our  expenditures  for  the  approval  of  the  Commission.  Our 
friends  who  framed  this  clause  did  not  mean  it  to  read  in  this  way, 
and  I  do  not  know  how  the  error  crept  in.  The  intention  was 
to  give  us,  as  nearly  as  possible,  absolute  financial  independence. 
The  report  made  by  me  in  April  to  the  Executive  Committee 
was  intentionally  very  full,  and  was  printed  and  sent  to  all  our 
members,  so  that  they  might  know  the  details  of  the  work  being 
done  at  headquarters.  I  need  not,  therefore,  recapitulate,  but 
will  go  on  from  that  point. 

As  you  may  know,  Miss  Hayden,  the  successful  competitor 
for  the  plan  of  the  Woman's  Building,  was  called  to  Chicago 
about  April  first,  by  a  telegram  from  Mr.  Burnham,  the  Chief  of 
Construction,  and  commenced  her  work  upon  the  plans  for  the 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  167 

Woman's  Building.  Finding  that  a  few  more  committee  rooms 
would  probably  be  necessary,  in  addition  to  those  we  already 
had,  it  was  proposed  that  we  add  a  third  floor,  and  introduce 
the  novel  feature  of  a  roof  garden  (there  being  none  on  any 
other  of  the  Exposition  buildings),  and  that  the  central  portion 
of  this  be  inclosed,  forming  several  committee  rooms  in  each 
wing. 

Miss  Hayden  showed  such  remarkable  talent,  facility,  and 
originality  of  thought  in  carrying  out  these  changes,  that  she 
won  the  highest  praise  from  Mr.  Richard  Hunt,  President  of  the 
Society  of  American  Architects,  Mr.  Burnham,  Chief  of  Con- 
struction, and  all  the  other  architects  who  were  cognizant  of 
what  she  was  doing. 

The  Chief  of  Construction  had  greatly  feared  that  we  might 
chance  to  have  an  architect  who  had  been  gifted  enough  to 
make  a  good  design,  but  who  knew  nothing  of  construction,  and 
would  not  be  able  to  carry  out  the  working  drawings,  or  to 
make  such  modifications  in  our  plan  as  might  be  suggested. 
Miss  Hayden's  ability  in  these  directions  was,  therefore,  noted 
with  the  greatest  pleasure,  especially  as  she  was  very  young  and 
inexperienced,  having  been  graduated  only  a  few  months  before, 
and  having  not  yet  entered  upon  the  practice  of  her  profession. 
When  her  plans  were  finished,  Mr.  Burnham  tried  to  induce  her 
to  remain  in  this  city  and  open  an  office,  assuring  her  that  she 
could  soon  be  at  the  head  of  a  lucrative  business;  but  for 
personal  reasons  she  felt  obliged  to  return  to  Cambridge. 

I  should  recommend  that  some  action  be  taken  by  this  Board, 
looking  to  the  preparation  of  a  testimonial  to  Miss  Hayden, 
which  will  be  of  a  permanent  character,  and  one  that  she  may 
always  feel  pride  in  showing  as  a  souvenir  of  the  very  important 
work  she  has  done  in  connection  with  the  Exposition,  and  of 
the  fact  that  she  is  the  first  woman  to  whom  has  been  intrusted 
so  important  a  commission  in  architecture,  that  it  marks  an  era 
in  woman's  progress. 

As  a  Board,  we  should  feel  very  proud  of  the  result,  for  we 
had  voluntarily  relinquished  the  opportunity  to  have  our  building 
planned  by  Richard  Hunt,  that  we  might  show  our  confidence 
in  the  ability  of  our  own  sex  in  this  new  field  of  work.  The 


168  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

result  has  been  so  gratifying  that  some  token  of  appreciation  on 
our  part  would  seem  to  be  appropriate. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Directors,  we  have  recently  been 
given  permission  to  invite  competition  by  women  for  the  statuary 
upon  the  exterior  of  our  building.  Circulars  stating  the  details 
of  the  competition  are  now  ready.  We  are  to  have  eight  figures 
above  the  roof  line,  and  a  relief  composition  in  the  main  ped- 
iments. The  space  to  be  filled  by  the  latter  is  forty-two  feet 
long,  and  about  seven  feet  high  in  the  center,  and  will  afford 
ample  room  for  a  beautiful  symbolic  design.  The  circulars  will 
be  handed  you,  to  be  sent  at  once  to  artists,  the  limit  of  time 
for  the  execution  of  the  study  models  being  short.  In  this  con- 
nection I  may  also  mention  the  fact  that  the  decorator  who  has 
the  contract  for  the  relief  work  on  our  building  has,  at  our 
request,  been  kind  enough  to  allow  a  gifted  young  girl  of  twenty- 
two  years  to  make  the  models  for  the  caryatides,  supporting  the 
cornice  of  the  roof  garden.  She  takes  the  place  of  a  man  who 
had  already  commenced  the  work,  and  is  now  enthusiastically 
engaged  in  doing  this  modeling  at  Jackson  Park.  Thus  the 
entire  exterior  of  the  Woman's  Building,  with  all  its  artistic 
features,  will  be  the  result  of  the  inspiration  of  woman's  genius. 

There  are  two  beautiful  surfaces  for  mural  paintings  at  the 
ends  of  our  main  gallery.  These  we  hope  to  have  decorated  by 
women  who  have  had  sufficient  experience  to  warrant  their  being 
intrusted  with  so  important  a  work. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  state,  also,  that  there  are  beautiful 
positions  in  the  Woman's  Building  for  utilizing  work  that  may 
be  intended  as  exhibits;  for  instance,  if  the  different  schools  of 
wood-carving  in  the  country  would  furnish  the  balustrades  for 
our  staircases,  it  would  give  them  an  opportunity  to  show  origin- 
ality of  design  and  beauty  of  execution,  in  a  very  practical  way.  If 
each  school  only  furnished  a  certain  section  of  the  balustrade,  the 
expense  need  not  be  great.  There  will  also  be  places  for  open- 
carved  screens  in  the  partitions  on  the  staircases.  These  could 
be  made  of  hammered  and  perforated  brass,  or  of  iron  or  carved 
wood,  or  even  modeled  in  plaster  and  tinted  to  imitate  wood,  in 
case  the  expense  of  carved  wood  seemed  too  great.  There  will 
also  be  an  opportunity  for  the  decorators  in  the  different  States 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  169 

to  exhibit  their  wall-hangings,  tapestries,  etc.,  by  furnishing  the 
hangings  for  certain  rooms  which  may  be  assigned  them.  We 
beg  our  members  to  investigate,  in  their  various  States,  the  pos- 
sibilities in  these  directions,  and  to  inform  us,  at  an  early  day, 
what  their  women  decorators,  wood-carvers,  etc.,  are  willing  to 
do  for  the  Woman's  Building,  so  that  we  may  plan  to  have  their 
work  incorporated  in  an  artistic  and  satisfactory  manner. 

The  stimulus  which  our  building  has  already  given  to  women 
artists,  decorators,  and  artisans,  is  most  surprising.  The  general 
interest  which  it  has  created  has  been  of  great  benefit,  by  calling 
attention  to  the  work  which  is  being  done  by  our  sex  in  many 
new  directions. 

Designs  have  recently  been  asked  from  women  for  a  seal  for 
our  Board.  These  are  now  ready  to  be  submitted  for  your  in- 
spection. 

It  has  been  commented  upon,  in  some  quarters,  that  the 
Standing  Committees  under  the  classification  we  adopted,  have 
not  yet  been  appointed.  Though  this  criticism  is  not  strictly  true, 
since  in  February  I  devoted  some  three  or  four  days  to  the  work 
of  making  up  the  committees — still  it  is  a  fact  that  they  have  not 
been  announced.  I  must  ask  your  indulgence  for  this  seeming 
omission,  and  I  hope  that  when  you  hear  my  reasons  you  will 
agree  with  me  that  it  was,  perhaps,  wiser  to  withhold  the  announce- 
ment until  after  this  meeting. 

We  adopted  the  classification  of  the  Commission  hastily,  with- 
out reflecting  that,  though  eminently  suited  to  men,  many  of  its 
heads  would  be  undesirable  for  women.  In  looking  it  over  after- 
wards, with  a  view  to  making  up  the  committees,  this  fact  im- 
pressed me  very  strongly.  I  thought  that  the  exhibition  of 
women's  work  must  necessarily  be  very  meagre  in  the  departments 
of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  Mines  and  Mining,  Transportation,  Elec- 
tricity, etc.,  and  that,  consequently,  any  ladies  who  were  made 
members  of  committees  under  those  heads  would  be  much  dis- 
satisfied. This  view  was  proved,  in  the  main,  to  be  correct,  by 
the  answers  to  the  circular  letter,  in  which  the  ladies  were  asked 
to  state  their  preferences.  There  was  not  a  single  application 
for  membership  in  the  Committee  on  Transportation,  or  in  the 
Committee  on  Mining,  though  I  was  very  much  pleased  that  one 


170  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

lady  expressed  a  preference  for  Fisheries,  and  one  for  Electricity, 
since  it  showed  a  wider  range  of  tastes  in  our  body  than  I  had 
anticipated.  On  the  other  hand,  nearly  all  limited  their  choice 
to  the  same  three  or  four  committees,  thus  showing  that,  broadly 
speaking,  only  that  small  number  of  the  departments  afforded 
congenial  work  for  women. 

In  addition  to  the  above  facts,  it  seemed  that  many  of  the 
sub-heads  or  groups  in  the  departments,  as  classified  by  the  men, 
were  important  enough  to  us,  to  be  made  departments  by  them- 
selves. For  instance,  the  Department  of  Liberal  Arts  is  com- 
prehensive enough  and  will  furnish  work  enough  to  warrant  its 
division  into  two  or  three  departments.  The  same  is  true  of 
several  of  the  others. 

Philanthropy,  decorative  art,  music,  patents,  education,  and 
several  other  subjects  are  each  so  important  and  represent  so 
large  an  amount  of  woman's  work,  that  they  will  overtax  the 
committees  to  which  they  may  be  assigned.  If  the  committees, 
consisting  of  eight  members  each,  had  been  announced  in 
accordance  with  the  present  classification,  then,  as  is  indicated 
by  the  replies  to  my  circular,  only  twenty-four  ladies  of  this 
whole  body  would  have  been  satisfied,  and  they  would  have  been 
satisfied  merely  to  the  extent  of  being  placed  upon  one  of  the 
three  committees  they  had  asked  for.  All  of  the  remainder 
would  have  been  given  uncongenial  tasks.  You  will  see,  then, 
that  my  sole  reason  for  withholding  the  announcement  was  my 
desire  to  meet  the  wishes  of  the  ladies,  which  the  present  classi- 
fication made  it  impossible  for  me  to  do;  and  I  wish  to  emphasize 
the  fact  that  if  the  committees  are  announced  as  they  have  been 
formed,  it  will  be  absolutely  impossible  to  avoid  the  result  that 
almost  all  of  the  ladies  will  find  themselves  on  committees  which 
will  be  distasteful  to  them,  and  where  there  will  be  little  or  no 
work  to  be  done. 

There  seemed  to  be  no  reason  of  practical  necessity  for 
announcing  the  committees  immediately,  as  it  would  have  been 
impossible  for  them  to  meet.  As  I  said,  I  have  already  formed 
the  committees;  my  omission  was  merely  in  announcing  them; 
so  if  the  Board  wishes  to  retain  its  present  classification,  I  can 
immediately  give  them  out;  otherwise,  one  of  the  tasks  we  have 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  171 

before  us  is  a  re-arrangement  of  the  classification,  which  I  should 
decidedly  recommend. 

The  refusal,  in  March,  of  the  Board  of  Control  and  the  Com- 
mission, to  call  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  made 
it  necessary  for  me  to  announce  and  call  together  the  Executive 
Committee,  as  many  important  matters  had  to  be  considered, 
among  them,  the  plans  of  the  Woman's  Building,  which  had  to 
be  approved  before  the  contracts  could  be  let. 

The  session  of  this  committee,  and  the  change  in  one  of  the 
officers  of  your  Board,  are  too  well  known  to  require  comment  at 
this  time.  In  deference  to  the  implied  preference,  as  indicated 
by  the  vote  at  the  November  meeting,  Mrs.  Cooke  was  made 
Secretary  pro  tern.,  until  such  time  as  the  Board  should  meet  and 
elect  a  Secretary. 

Owing  to  the  very  hurtful  newspaper  agitation  which  was 
kept  up  to  the  great-  injury  of  the  fair  fame  of  our  Board  (and 
in  which  I  hope  I  need  not  assure  you  the  Executive  Committee 
and  I  took  no  part),  we  were  greatly  pleased  that  Miss  Couzins 
decided  to  take  her  case  before  a  competent  and  final  tribunal 
where  it  could  be  decided  on  its  merits.  Her  action,  therefore, 
in  bringing  suit  against  the  Board  of  Control,  and  making  your 
President  and  Secretary  pro  tem.  parties  to  it,  was  not  disagree- 
able to  us.  We  were,  fortunately,  not  burdened  with  this  case 
in  any  way,  as  the  principal  defendant,  the  Board  of  Control,  in 
defending  itself,  defended  us  also.  It  took  entire  charge  of  the 
suit,  employed  a  lawyer,  appointed  a  sub-committee,  consisting 
of  Judges  Lindsey  and  Massey,  and  Colonel  St.  Clair,  to  give 
him  such  information  and  documents  as  were  required,  and  left 
the  case  in  his  hands.  The  only  instruction  which  we  gave  the 
counsel,  and  which  was  coincided  in  by  the  Board  of  Control, 
was  that  we  wished  no  technical  objection  interposed  to  prevent 
the  introduction  of  even  irrelevant  matter.  For  the  satisfaction 
of  our  own  members,  we  courted  the  fullest  investigation  and 
discussion  of  all  the  points  connected  with  the  case,  and  wished 
nothing  kept  back.  The  Executive  Committee,  before  taking 
its  action  with  reference  to  Miss  Couzins,  had  felt  fully  the 
responsibility  of  the  situation  that  confronted  it,  and  did  not  act 
without  the  very  best  advice  and  counsel  and  we  are  glad  to 

12 


172  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

state  that  its  action  has  been  sustained  by  the  Circuit  Court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Northern  District  of  Illinois,  and  by 
the  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States.  Any  doubt  as  to 
the  legality  of  the  action,  that  may  have  been  created  in  the 
minds  of  any  of  the  members  of  the  Board,  may,  therefore, 
safely  be  dismissed. 

It  seemed  an  unfortunate  time,  when  our  first  and  only 
unpleasantness  was  being  commented  on  in  the  press,  to  go  to 
Springfield,  the  capital  of  Illinois,  and  ask  for  an  appropriation 
for  the  work  of  women  in  this  State,  and  that  our  Illinois  mem- 
bers be  included  in  the  State  Board.  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to 
report  that  we  were  most  successful,  having  not  only  secured 
recognition,  but  the  magnificent  sum  of  $80,000  for  this  work 
in  our  State. 

We  thought  it  best  not  to  make  strong  appeals  to  the  public 
at  this  juncture,  as  we  had  intended,  or  to  begin  new  work  for 
our  Board.  I  therefore  carried  out  the  plan  which  I  had  almost 
relinquished,  of  going  abroad  for  a  short  trip,  and  sailed  from 
New  York  on  the  i8th  of  May. 

During  my  absence  the  office  was  left  in  charge  of  the  Secre- 
tary pro  tern.,  as  had  previously  been  the  case  when  I  left  the 
city.  Mrs.  Starkweather  continued  to  receive  all  visitors,  listen 
to  their  requests,  answer  questions,  keep  the  scrap-books,  etc., 
as  she  had  been  doing  ever  since  last  January,  and  as  she  still 
continues  to  do.  The  journal  from  the  office  was  sent  me 
weekly,  reciting  everything  that  occurred,  in  detail,  so  that  I  was 
really  in  charge  of  the  office  and  directing  its  business,  while 
absent. 

I  considered  the  question  of  calling  one  of  our  Vice-Presi- 
dents to  take  my  place  during  my  absence,  but  as  our  By-Laws 
did  not  seem  to  instruct  me  to  do  so,  I  gave  up  the  idea.  I 
knew  that  the  Commission  was  having  some  difficulty  in  provid- 
ing money  to  pay  current  expenses,  and  that  it  undoubtedly 
would  not  be  in  a  mood  to  authorize  an  unusual  expenditure  for 
us,  and  I  thought  we  could  scarcely  ask  one  of  our  Vice-Presi- 
dents  to  leave  her  home  and  remain  in  Chicago  at  her  own 
expense,  especially  as  there  was  nothing  of  sufficient  importance 
to  be  done  to  make  such  a  step  necessary. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  173 

When  I  spoke  to  Mr.  Elaine,  last  winter,  about  the  possibility 
of  having  committees  formed  abroad,  to  co-operate  with  us,  our 
thought  at  the  time  was,  that  each  American  minister  should 
name  such  a  committee,  in  the  country  to  which  he  was  accredited. 
This  original  idea  developed,  however,  into  the  much  stronger 
one  of  inviting  the  foreign  governments  to  appoint  these  com- 
mittees for  us,  which  would  not  only  cause  them  to  be  provided 
with  money  to  work  with,  but  would  give  the  committees  official 
standing,  and  would  consequently  help  the  position  of  women  in 
each  country  where  our  invitation  was  accepted.  In  view  of 
this  change  of  plan,  I  was  anxious  to  see  Mr.  Elaine  before 
leaving,  and  ascertain  if  he  were  willing  to  make  this  proposition 
to  the  foreign  governments.  I  had  been  assured  our  request 
would  be  complied  with  by  every  country  which  had  signified  its 
intention  of  participating  in  the  Exposition.  There  could  be  no 
reason  to  refuse  it,  except  the  fact  that  it  was  unprecedented, 
and  consequently  that  our  State  Department  might  hesitate  to 
put  itself  in  an  attitude  to  receive  a  rebuff  from  conservative 
governments.  I  lamented  extremely,  therefore,  Mr.  Elaine's 
illness,  which  occurred  just  as  I  left  Chicago.  I  was  not  able  to 
see  him  in  New  York,  nor  was  he  well  enough  to  give  the  neces- 
sary instructions,  which  I  so  greatly  desired  to  have  promptly 
forwarded  from  the  State  Department  to  our  ministers.  I  had 
hoped  that  in  each  country  I  visited,  by  speaking  to  our  minis- 
ters (who  chanced  to  be  personal  friends),  I  might  stimulate  their 
interest  in  having  strong  committees  formed  to  work  with  us, 
and  this  was  the  utmost  I  had  hoped  to  do. 

When  I  reached  England,  however,  Minister  Lincoln  made 
some  opportunities  for  me  to  see  persons  of  influence  in  such  a 
way  that  I  could  talk  with  them  about  the  interests  I  have  so 
much  at  heart,  and  I  was  only  too  glad  to  avail  myself  of  his 
kindness.  I  found  the  utmost  cordiality  and  kind  feeling;  but 
as  the  Royal  Commission  which  will  appoint  our  Committee  was 
not  to  meet  until  September,  nothing  could  be  done  at  that  time. 
We  were  forced,  patiently,  to  await  its  action.  I  feel  assured, 
however,  that  the  strength  of  the  names  which  we  present  will 
insure  their  kindly  reception. 

We  had  congratulated  ourselves  that  our  government  was  the 


174  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

first  to  give  women  important  functions  in  a  public  and  official 
capacity,  but  on  reaching  France,  I  found  that  we  had  formed  a 
hasty  and  erroneous  conclusion,  for  the  French  government  had 
created  a  committee  of  women,  in  connection  with  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1889,  to  organize  and  carry  on  a  "Congress  of 
Feminine  Works  and  Institutions."  This  Congress  was 'partici- 
pated in  by  all  countries  desiring  to  do  so,  the  expenses  being 
paid  by  the  French  government.  I  found  that  the  women  com- 
posing the  Congress  had  been  entertained,  as  government 
officials,  by  M.  Guyot  and  other  Ministers,  and  that  they  had 
basked  in  the  full  sunshine  of  official  power.  So  far  as  I  could 
learn,  the  only  representative  from  America  was  Mrs.  May 
Wright  Sewall,  from  Indianapolis,  than  whom  I  am  sure  we  could 
have  had  none  better. 

The  French  government  stipulated  that  the  Congress, 
although  composed  entirely  of  women,  should  be  presided  over 
by  a  man,  M.  Jules  Simon,  and  that  the  programmes  be  sub- 
mitted for  his  approval  before  plans  were  definitely  settled. 
They  did  not  have  sufficient  confidence  in  our  sex  to  leave  it 
altogether  in  their  hands.  The  women  appointed  at  that  time 
were  chosen  because  of  their  connection  with  important  organi- 
zations of  women  in  France,  and  they  were  the  first  to  hear  of 
and  become  interested  in  the  work  of  women  in  connection  with 
our  Exposition,  and  to  realize  the  opportunity  that  we  could  give 
them  to  perform  another  important  public  function.  They  will 
undoubtedly  form  the  nucleus  of  the  committee  to  be  appointed 
very  soon  in  France. 

In  1889  the  Catholics,  being  largely  of  the  monarchical 
party,  refused  to  participate  in  the  Congress,  not  wishing, 
naturally,  to  celebrate  the  creation  of  the  Republic.  It  is  the 
intention  to  draw  into  the  new  committees  to  be  formed  all 
political  parties  and  all  shades  of  religious  creed,  so  that  their 
work  may  represent  the  united  action  of  the  women  of  France, 
and  also  that  there  may  be  no  opposition  in  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  when  the  vote  is  taken  on  the  Budget. 

I  found  that  we  were  confronted  with  much  the  same  problems 
abroad  that  we  had  encountered  at  home.  I  was  presented  to 
M.  Guyot,  French  Minister  of  Public  Works,  who  is  a  great 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  175 

champion  of  women,  and  had  a  long  talk  with  him  about  the 
possibility  of  the  appointment  of  a  committee  of  women  in  France 
to  cooperate  with  our  Board.  He  suggested  so  many  obstacles 
that  stood  in  our  way,  that  I  felt  quite  discouraged.  The 
principal  one  was,  the  essential  inconsistency  of  asking  for  a 
committee  to  care  for  the  representation  of  women's  work,  when 
they  are  not  debarred  in  any  way  from  making  an  exhibit  in  the 
general  classification,  and  all  manufacturers  and  industrial 
exhibitors  would  naturally  send  everything  they  produce,  which 
would  prove  attractive,  whether  made  by  men  or  women.  M. 
Guyot  seemed  to  feel  that  this  inconsistency  would  be  suggested 
at  once  by  members  of  the  Cabinet.  The  necessity  became 
apparent,  also,  that  the  women's  committee  be  subordinate  to 
the  men's,  so  that  there  should  be  no  clashing  of  authority,  or 
question  about  the  expenditure  of  money. 

I  should  like  to  describe,  as  they  deserve,  many  of  the  grand 
women  with  whom  I  became  acquainted.  I  must  commend  to 
you  particularly  Mme.  de  Horsier,  and  Mme.  Bogelot,  whom 
you  must  know  and  greet  as  old  friends  when  they  come  to  us  in 
1893.  They  were  the  first  to  learn  of  my  being  in  Paris,  and 
it  was  they  who  arranged  for  the  visit  of  the  ladies  and  gentle- 
men who  met  in  my  parlor  on  Wednesday,  July  ist.  The 
representative  character  of  this  meeting  may  be  inferred  from 
the  following  partial  list  of  those  present: 

Mme.  de  Horsier,  President,  and  Mme.  Bogelot,  Directress- 
General  of  the  Work  for  the  Women  Liberated  from  the  Prison 
of  St.  Lazare. 

Mme.  and  Hlle.  Yves  Guyot  wife  and  daughter  of  the 
Minister  of  Public  Works. 

Mme.  Koechlin  Schwartz,  President  of  the  Union  of  the 
Women  of  France  (Aid  for  the  Injured). 

Mme.  Jules  Siegfried,  member  of  all  the  Protestant  Charities. 

Mme.  Maria  Martin,  Editress  of  the  journal  "  La  Citoyenne." 

Mme.  Le  Grand  Priestley,  of  the  Society  for  the  Elevation  of 
Public  Morality. 

Mme.  Laurie  David,  Vice-President  of  the  Society  for  the 
Amelioration  of  the  Condition  of  Women. 

Mme.  d'  Abbadie,  of  the  Protestant  Society  of  Prisons. 


176  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mme.  Henry  Mallet,  of  the  Protestant  Society  of  Prisons. 

Mme.  Soutzo,  of  the  Society  of  Charities  in  Greece. 

Mme.  Helbrommer-Alcau,  of  the  Society  of  Jewish  Charities. 

M.  Jules  Simon,  of  the  French  Academy. 

M.  Jules  Siegfried,  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

M.  Frank  Puaux,  Editor  of  the  Christian  Review. 

And  many  others. 

Among  the  Americans  present  there  were,  of  our  own  Board, 
Mrs.  Russell  Harrison,  Vice-President-at-Large;  Mrs.  John  A. 
Logan,  of  Washington;  Miss  Lillian  Brown,  of  Missouri,  and  Miss 
Sarah  T.  Hallowell,  alternate.  Besides  these  there  were,  Mrs. 
McKee,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Logan,  Jr.,  Mr.  Sewall,  and  Mrs. 
May  Wright  Sewall,  of  the  Indiana  State  Board,  and,  not  least  of 
all,  an  old  friend,  Mr.  Theodore  Stanton  (son  of  Elizabeth  Cady 
Stanton),  who  had  presented  me  to  Madame  de  Morsier,  and  who 
was,  during  my  stay  in  Paris,  my  constant  adviser.  I  wish  to 
add  that  he  has  been  able  to  do  valuable  work  for  our  Exposi- 
tion in  many  directions,  as  he  is  so  well  and  favorably  known  in 
Paris. 

At  this  first  meeting  we  had  a  serious  discussion  of  all  the 
possibilities,  and  many  practical  details  were  touched  upon.  It 
was  decided  that  a  provisional  committee  be  appointed,  which 
should  make  a  careful  study  of  the  names  suitable  to  be  pre- 
sented to  the  government  in  September  for  appointment  upon 
the  committee  to  be  formed.  M.  Jules  Simon  and  M.  Siegfried 
allowed  their  names  to  be  added  to  the  provisional  committee 
to  act  as  intermediaries  between  the  ladies  and  the  government. 
Many  difficult  questions  were  asked,  which  had  already  come  up 
in  connection  with  our  work  at  home,  such  as  the  following:  If 
the  women  supervise  the  industrial  exhibit  from  the  women  of 
France,  will  they  have  to  act  as  jurors  for  the  immense  mass  of 
material  that  may  be  submitted  to  them  ?  This  they  said  would 
occupy  them  from  now  until  the  time  of  the  Exposition.  How 
could  they  avoid  the  personal  enmities  that  might  result  from 
such  discrimination  ?  The  difficulties  seemed  so  great  that,  at 
the  first  conference,  the  women  were  decidedly  of  the  opinion 
that  they  would  better  confine  themselves  to  a  showing  of  the 
benevolent  and  charitable  works,  instead  of  undertaking  any- 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  177 

thing  more  complicated,  and  leave  the  industrial  exhibit  to 
manufacturers,  artists,  and  those  interested.  Their  work  would 
then  simply  be  an  enlargement  of  the  Congress  they  had  in 
1889 — a  practical  illustration  being  given  of  what  was  then  dis- 
cussed. 

There  were  three  methods  by  which  they  suggested  showing 
their  charities.  First,  by  statistics  and  descriptions;  second,  by 
plans  with  various  devices  for  indicating  the  number  and  success 
of  the  several  institutions;  and,  third,  by  models  in  relief.  The 
idea  of  the  miniature  relief  models  seemed  to  be  most  acceptable 
to  them,  particularly  as  they  knew  that  France  excelled  in  deli- 
cate and  dainty  work  of  this  kind,  and  that,  consequently,  their 
exhibit  would  compare  very  favorably  with  that  of  any  other 
country. 

I  saw,  while  in  Paris,  many  of  the  maps  and  plans  such  as 
they  suggested  sending  to  us.  One  showed  the  number  of  night 
refuges  for  women  and  girls  in  the  city  of  Paris.  A  map  of 
Paris  about  three  feet  square  was  placed  on  the  wall,  and  every 
one  of  these  refuges  was  indicated  by  a  large  brass  nail-head. 
The  map  was  thoroughly  dotted  over 'with  them.  Another  map 
showed  the  number  of  Medical  Dispensaries  and  Hospitals, 
where  instantaneous  relief  could  be  found,  and  the  nail-heads 
were  scattered  almost  as  profusely  over  this  map  as  over  the 
first.  This  is  a  very  striking  way  of  showing  the  amount  of  good 
that  is  being  done  by  such  societies  as  have  not  a  large  building 
or  institution  that  would  be  well  represented  in  a  relief  model. 
The  relief  models  will  be  miniature  buildings,  very  much  like  those 
now  to  be  seen  in  our  city,  showing  the  proposed  World's  Fair 
Buildings.  They  can  be  made  by  any  good  architect,  at  a  cost  of 
from  one  hundred  dollars  upward,  depending  upon  the  finish  and 
detail.  The  French  women  thought  it  would  be  very  interesting 
to  have  the  relief  models  sent  from  every  country  in  the  world, 
having  them  all  made  to  the  same  scale,  and  by  a  compari- 
son of  their  number  and  size,  one  could  quickly  judge  of  the 
amount  of  charitable  and  benevolent  work  being  done  by  women 
in  their  respective  countries  all  over  the  world. 

When  we  met  the  second  time,  the  question  of  the  personnel 
of  the  committees  had  come  up.  It  was  suggested  that  there 


178  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

would  better  be  a  number  of  committees  formed,  each  of  conge- 
nial elements,  to  care  for  the  various  interests  to  be  represented, 
whose  chairmen  would  form  a  central  committee,  which  would 
have  the  general  government  of  the  women's  exhibit,  to  be  sent 
from  France.  Many  committees,  therefore,  being  considered 
better  than  one,  they  asked  me  how  many  we  had,  and  deter- 
mined to  follow  our  classification  and  create  committees  that 
would  correspond  with  ours.  They  learned  that  to  do  this  would 
necessitate  an  entire  change  of  plan,  for  it  involved  the  organi- 
zation of  an  industrial  exhibit.  That  they  were  willing  to  do 
this  pleased  me  greatly,  as  I  had  been  trying  to  convince  them 
of  the  importance  of  this  part  of  the  work,  and  the  great  stress 
we  are  laying  upon  it  in  our  country. 

We  might,  however,  have  longed  vainly  for  the  patronage  of 
the  Government,  had  it  not  been  for  the  interest  and  active 
assistance  of  the  other  sex.  I  had  fortunately  met  at  a  breakfast, 
M.  Proust,  former  Minister  of  Fine  Arts,  who  had  been  appointed 
French  Fine  Art  Director  for  the  Chicago  Exposition.  He  is  a 
very  influential  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  and  it  was 
his  pleasure  to  feel  great  interest  in  all  relating  to  our  Exposi- 
tion. Although  not  interested  especially  in  women,  he  was  good 
enough  to  propose  to  present  me  to  M.  Roche,  the  Ministei  of 
Commerce,  in  whose  department  the  work  of  the  Exposition 
would  come. 

The  next  morning,  accordingly,  with  M.  Siegfried  and  Mrs. 
Logan,  whom  I  had  invited  to  accompany  me  (Mrs.  Harrison 
had  a  previous  engagement  and  could  not  go),  I  went,  by 
appointment,  to  the  palace  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce,  where 
we  were  introduced  by  M.  Proust.  Upon  my  asking,  officially, 
that  a  committee  of  women  be  appointed  to  cooperate  with  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  explaining  our  plans,  M.  Roche 
replied  most  cordially,  and  at  once  promised  not  only  his  hearty 
support,  but  that  of  the  government  for  our  committee,  though 
he  could  not  pledge  himself  as  to  money. 

The  following  day  the  matter  came  up  officially  before  the 
committee  which  was  planning  for  the  French  exhibit  at  Chicago, 
and  M.  Proust's  proposition  that  a  committee  of  women,  to  be 
named  later,  should  be  appointed  to  cooperate  with  the  Board 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  179 

of  Lady  Managers,  and  the  sum  of  300,000  francs  set  apart  for 
them  was  accepted  by  a  formal  vote,  though  the  sum  to  be  given 
them  will  have  to  be  approved  by  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  later. 
You  may  imagine  that  I  was  intensely  gratified  by  this  result, 
brought  about  in  less  than  ten  days. 

Since  my  return  home  I  have  had  letters  from  Minister  Roche 
and  M.  Proust,  sending  me  some  documents  which  I  had  re- 
quested, and  assuring  me  that  they  were  caring  for  our  interests. 
My  experience  in  France  taught  me  that  we  were  much  stronger 
to  work  without  the  aid  of  our  State  Department  than  with  it. 
Of  course,  our  ministers  are  hesitant  to  put  themselves  in  an 
attitude  where  they  may  receive  a  negative  reply,  and  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  would  feel  keenly  any  official  refusal,  by  a 
government,  to  co-operate  with  us.  Working,  as  I  did,  through 
the  people  of  the  country,  and  making  the  direct  appeal  with  and 
through  them,  the  matter  was  only  semi-official,  and  we  were,  at 
the  same  time,  much  more  strongly  fortified. 

I  was  very  proud  to  be  able  to  take  with  me  to  the  Ministry 
the  plans  which  Miss  Hayden  had  forwarded  me,  and  to  show 
the  beautiful  building  which  has  been  given  us,  and  how  we  pro- 
posed to  fill  it.  The  fact  that  a  young  woman  of  twenty-one 
was  capable  of  planning  our  building,  and  making  the  working 
drawings,  was  considered  most  astonishing,  as  well  as  indicative 
of  the  advancement  of  American  women.  I  must  say,  in  pass- 
ing, that  our  building  has  been  a  greater  help  to  us  than  any 
other  one  feature  with  every  person  to  whom  I  have  talked, 
whether  in  Congress,  the  State  Legislature,  at  home,  or  abroad. 
That  it  had  been  given  us  showed  that  we  were  taken  seriously, 
and  considered  an  important  factor  in  the  Exposition,  and  it  pro- 
duced the  deepest  impression  whenever  it  was  mentioned. 

The  French  Committees  will  probably  be  named  during  Sep- 
tember, and  the  ladies  who  are  interested  were  most  anxious  to 
have  our  exact  classification  at  once,  so  they  could  form  their 
committees  properly  and  see  that  no  desirable  person  was  omitted 
from  the  list.  I  have  been  much  embarrassed  by  not  being  sure 
of  our  classification,  and  told  them  I  thought  it  probable  that  it 
would  be  changed  at  this  session  of  our  Board.  They  are,  as  I 
have  said,  particularly  desirous  that  philanthropy  be  one  of  our 


180  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

departments,  as  this  represents  the  most  beautiful  and  useful 
work  that  women  are  doing  in  the  world,  and  will  make  one  of 
the  most  novel  and  interesting  exhibits  we  shall  have.  As  soon  as 
our  classification  can  be  considered,  therefore,  and  decided  upon, 
it  must  immediately  be  put  in  print  and  sent  to  the  ladies  who 
are  so  anxiously  awaiting  it. 

In  Austria,  as  the  government  had  not  yet  accepted  the 
formal  invitation  to  participate  in  the  Exposition,  little  could  be 
done.  Through  the  kindness  of  Minister  and  Mrs.  Grant,  I  was 
put  in  communication  with  many  influential  ladies  who  will  them- 
selves organize  and  work  with  us,  in  case  the  government  does 
not  respond  favorably.  We  are  assured,  however,  that  it  will  do 
so  early  next  season,  and  in  the  meantime  are  forced  to  wait. 

I  am  also  in  correspondence  with  ladies  in  many  of  the  other 
countries,  who  will  be  ready  to  act  with  and  for  us  as  soon  as, 
the  proper  moment  arrives. 

It  may  interest  our  members  to  know  that  I  found,  as  might 
have  been  expected,  the  persons  highest  in  authority  the  most 
conservative.  Princess  Christian,  and  later  Mme.  Carnot,  were 
opposed  to  any  extreme  views  about  women,  deprecated  their 
trying  to  enter  the  learned  professions,  and  to  take  the  highest 
honors  at  the  colleges,  as  they  thought  it  led  to  nothing  ;  they 
disapproved,  consequently,  of  the  suffrage  movement,  but  were 
extremely  interested  in  all  plans  to  educate  women  so  that  they 
might  gain  better  wages  in  the  employments  usual  to  their  sex, 
and  especially  in  all  that  tended  to  make  good  wives  and  moth- 
ers, and  happy  homes. 

Princess  Christian  has,  for  years,  been  at  the  head  of  many 
of  the  most  important  industrial  movements  in  England,  such 
as  the  South  Kensington  School  of  Art  Needlework,  and  has 
recently  assisted  at  the  opening  of  a  college  of  which  she  is 
the  patroness,  and  of  which  she  spoke  with  great  interest. 

In  this  college,  women  are  taught,  besides  all  of  the  indus- 
trial arts,  such  as  carving,  modeling,  etc.,  household  economy, 
cooking,  and  sewing.  The  Princess  was  greatly  pleased  with 
our  plans,  from  the  standpoint  of  the  showing  to  be  made  for 
industrial  women  ;  and,  before  I  left,  proposed  forming  a  com- 
mittee to.aid  us. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  181 

As  the  committee  could  not  be  appointed,  however,  until 
September,  I  contented  myself  with  the  understanding  that  she 
would  act  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  whenever  and  however 
formed. 

On  the  other  hand,  those  women  who  advocate  equal  political 
rights  for  our  sex,  were  as  strongly  drawn  to  our  work,  for  they 
saw  that  the  government  endorsement,  in  connection  with  the 
work  we  are  proposing  to  do,  would  carry  our  sex  another  step 
forward  in  the  gradual  advance  they  are  making;  and  conse- 
quently, Mrs.  Harriet  Stanton  Blatch,  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright,  Mrs. 
Charles  MacLaren  and  many  other  noble  women,  and  strong 
suffragists,  were  eager  to  help  us;  so  also,  Lady  Henry  Somerset, 
a  very  able  and  charming  woman,  who  leads  the  temperance  work 
in  England,  and  to  whom  I  bore  a  letter  from  my  honored  friend, 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard.  Lady  Wolverton,  who  organized  the 
Needlework  Guild,  of  which  I  hope  I  may  have  a  moment  to  tell 
you  before  we  disband,  and  Lady  Aberdeen,  who  has  developed 
the  cottage  industries  of  Ireland  and  of  Scotland,  wished  to  in- 
troduce their  work  into  our  country,  and  found  that  we  could 
also  help  their  plans.  So,  abroad  as  at  home,  all  the  elements 
that  are  contributing  to  carry  forward  the  cause  of  women,  no 
matter  whether  they  are  seeking  to  attain  equal  political  rights, 
or  equal  educational  or  industrial  advantages,  are  blending  into 
a  strong  and  beautiful  union,  to  aid  us  in  the  work  we  are  trying 
to  do. 

I  must  forewarn  you  that  we  American  women  will  find  it 
difficult  to  come  up  to  the  expectation  formed  of  us  abroad.  We 
are  considered  very  advanced,  especially  in  the  matter  of  or- 
ganization, and  in  having  the  courage  to  plan  and  execute  on  a 
grand  scale. 

Among  English  women,  and  European  women  generally,  the 
great  complaint  seemed  everywhere  to  be,  the  lack  of  organiza- 
tion and  cohesion;  there  each  woman  carries  on  her  own  work 
by  the  impulse  she  individually  gives  it,  and  when  she  dies,  or 
drops  out,  the  work  falls  to  pieces.  She  is  not  helped  nor 
supported  by  other  women. 

I  was,  however,  very  much  impressed  with  the  number  of 
charities  inaugurated  and  carried  on  by  European  women,  and 


182  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

felt  that,  especially  in  the  direction  of  household  economics 
(which  has  been  perfected  to  a  science  in  most  of  the  countries 
of  Europe),  we  have  everything  to  learn.  The  comparison  of 
methods  and  results  at  the  coming  Exposition  can  not  fail  to  be 
of  advantage  to  all. 

The  reports  as  they  came  from  the  different  States  during 
the  winter,  showed  that  our  members  were  doing  valiant  service 
in  the  very  discouraging  preliminary  work  of  seeking  to  have 
women  appointed  on  the  Boards  of  their  respective  States,  and 
of  procuring  the  needed  appropriations.  We  have  been  proud 
to  learn  that  the  legislatures  in  many  States  have  had  the  Expo- 
sition first  brought  to  their  attention,  for  official  action,  by  the 
members  of  our  Board,  and  that  much  of  the  enthusiasm 
aroused,  both  in  legislatures  and  in  conventions,  held  in  the 
interest  of  the  Fair,  has  been  created  by  our  members  and  their 
friends,  whose  appeals  to  State  pride  were  energetic,  well  timed, 
and  eminently  successful. 

The  proper  adjustment  of  the  relations  between  our  own 
and  the  State  Boards  is  a  topic  that  will  require  delicate 
handling. 

With  these  Boards  we  must  at  once  put  ourselves  in  communi- 
cation, and  establish  the  most  cordial  feeling,  or  the  great  work 
that  we  are  attempting  will  fail.  Up  to  this  time,  of  course, 
a  great  deal  of  the  work  of  our  Board  has  been  necessarily  car- 
ried on  at  headquarters,  such  as  securing  the  appropriation  for 
the  Woman's  Building,  and  the  privilege  of  having  it  designed 
by  a  woman,  inviting  competition,  deciding  upon  plans,  making 
suggestions  relative  to  procuring  State  and  National  appropria- 
tions, etc.  But  this  is  all  now  arranged,  and  as  soon  as  the 
work  is  thoroughly  organized  in  the  various  States,  the  center  of 
activity  will  be  transferred  to  them,  and  the  central  office  will 
become  more  of  a  bureau  of  statistics  and  records. 

/  can  not  too  strongly  urge  upon  you  that  the  success  of  the 
Exposition,  so  far  as  women's  exhibits  are  concerned,  will  de- 
pend entirely  upon  the  realization  by  our  members  of  the  fact 
that  the  State  work  is  the  all-important  and  essential  factor. 
We  must  depend  upon  State  Boards  for  all  statistics  as  to 
women's  work.  They  should  ascertain  what  exhibits  the  women 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  183 

of  their  States  will  make  in  each  department  of  the  classification, 
and  should  report,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  Chairman  of  our 
Standing  Committee  in  each  department  in  regard  to  such  ex- 
hibits from  their  States ;  and  these,  in  turn,  should  report  to 
the  central  office  periodically  —  probably  monthly  —  so  that  we 
may  apply  to  the  Installation  Committee  for  the  needed  space, 
in  ample  time  to  secure  good  positions.  The  State  Boards  must 
also  suggest  to  us  proper  members  for  the  juries  of  award,  and 
notify  us  of  exhibits  of  special  merit  for  the  gallery  of  the 
Woman's  Building ;  and,  in  fact,  it  is  essential  that  there  be 
harmony  and  mutual  confidence  on  every  point. 

In  case  women  have  not  been  appointed  on  the  Board  in  any 
States,  our  representatives  should,  themselves,  organize  a  Com- 
mittee in  such  States,  to  carry  on  the  work  as  thoroughly  as 
possible,  with  the  hope  that  they  may  be  given  official  standing 
by  their  legislatures  before  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  and 
that  they  may  possibly  be  reimbursed  such  money  as  they  have 
been  forced  to  expend.  It  seems  probable  that,  when  the  value 
of  their  work  is  made  apparent,  the  State  Boards,  as  at  present 
constituted,  will  assign  them  such  small  sums  as  are  necessary. 
If  not,  they  will  have  to  resort  to  the  plans  adopted  by  the 
women  in  preparing  for  the  Centennial,  and  give  entertainments, 
or  courses  of  lectures,  to  raise  money  for  their  current  expenses. 

It  is  most  important  that  a  prospectus  should  be  prepared, 
stating  fully  the  plans  and  policy  of  our  Board,  so  that  it  may  be 
sent,  not  only  to  each  State,  but  to  foreign  countries.  It  should 
also  be  given  wide  publicity  in  the  press.  I  recommend  that  a 
committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  such  a  prospectus  during  this 
meeting,  as  it  should  be  sent  out  immediately. 

We  have  letters  constantly  from  women  all  over  the  country 
expressing  their  sympathy  and  putting  their  time  and  abilities  at 
our  disposal  for  any  work  we  wish  done.  It  seems  very  cold 
and  repellent  to  be  forced  to  refuse  all  this  proffered  help. 
Everyone  should  be  allowed  to  contribute  her  quota  of  work 
to  the  great  result  which  we  hope  to  achieve,  and  we  should  not 
consider  our  organization  complete  until  we  have  provided  work 
for  all  willing  hands.  It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  we  should 
devise  auxiliary  work,  not  connected  with  the  duties  delegated 


184  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

to  us,  either  by  Congress  or  the  Commission,  in  which  all  such 
applicants  could  be  employed.  This  would  produce  in  them 
that  vital  interest  and  contagious  enthusiasm  which  can  only  be 
felt  by  those  who  are  doing  active  work  in  a  worthy  cause. 

In  our  country  of  fresh  thought  and  ingenuity,  we  should  not 
be  content  to  show,  at  the  Exposition,  conventional  repetitions  of 
familiar  articles.  But  we  should  have  new  and  original  exhibits, 
created  especially  for  this  occasion.  This  can  be  done,  if  our 
manufacturers  are  made  to  realize  fully  the  great  advantages  the 
Exposition  offers  them,  and  they  are  moved  by  the  proper  feeling 
of  emulation.  It  will,  however,  be  difficult  to  stimulate  women 
to  use  their  best  efforts  to  create  new  and  original  work,  without 
bringing  out  a  vast  mass  of  duplications,  and  a  great  deal  that 
is  inartistic.  This  will  be  a  very  serious  problem  for  us  to  deal 
with.  It  is  the  intention,  as  far  as  possible,  to  avoid  endless 
repetitions,  and  the  work  of  discrimination  will  be  largely 
intrusted  to  the  Chiefs  of  Departments.  They  will  be  made 
responsible  for  the  interest  and  variety  of  the  exhibits  installed 
by  them.  But  we  can  now  foresee  a  vast  army  of  disappointed 
women,  whose  work  will  be  rejected,  probably  before  it  leaves  its 
native  State.  This  is  the  distressing  feature  in  the  case.  Never- 
theless, it  would  seem  proper  and  wise  for  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  to  issue  at  once  a  strong  appeal  to  industrial  women 
all  over  the  country,  and  also  to  manufacturers  employing 
women,  encouraging  the  former  to  do  their  best  in  the  exercise 
of  their  ingenuity,  skill,  and  taste,  and  asking  the  latter  to  see 
that  every  opportunity  is  given  them  for  so  doing. 

Feeling  deeply  the  necessity  of  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers,  in  order  thfat  its  policy  might  be  outlined  and 
its  plans  perfected,  as  soon  as  the  Board  of  Control  assembled 
after  my  return,  I  sent  it  a  formal  request  to  authorize  the 
calling  of  a  meeting.  This  authority  was  given,  and  I  at  once 
issued  the  call  for  a  meeting  on  September  zd.  It  would,  of 
course,  be  impossible  to  fix  upon  a  time  of  meeting  which  would 
suit  the  convenience  of  every  member  in  so  large  a  body  as  ours. 
In  choosing  this  early  date,  I  was  influenced  not  only  by  the 
generally  expressed  opinion  of  our  members,  that  we  should 
meet  as  soon  as  possible,  but  also  by  the  fact  that  members  of 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  185 

the  Royal  Commission  of  England,  and  the  Executive  Officer  of 
the  German  Royal  Commission,  would  be  in  Chicago  about  Sep- 
tember 1 2th,  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  general  information 
as  to  the  plan  and  scope  of  the  Exposition. 

It  seemed  most  important,  therefore,  that  this  Board  should 
have  its  plans  thoroughly  denned,  and  be  able  to  make  a  good 
showing,  in  order  that  the  members  of  these  Commissions  may 
recognize  the  importance  of  our  work,  and  be  led  to  recommend 
to  their  respective  organizations,  which  have  the  power  to  grant 
our  requests,  the  appointment  of  committees  of  women  to  co-op- 
erate with  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  French  committee  also  will  probably 
be  named  late  in  September,  and  they  have  been  awaiting  im- 
patiently, as  I  have  stated,  our  exact  classification,  in  order  that 
their  committees  might  b.e  properly  formed. 

I  have  felt  some  hesitation,  also,  in  taking  for  granted,  as  I 
have,  the  wishes  of  our  Board  with  reference  to  work  abroad, 
and  before  asking  formally  for  the  appointment  of  these  com- 
mittees (which  I  have  already  ventured  to  do  in  France),  I  should 
like  to  be  sustained  by  a  vote  of  the  Board.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  we  have  been  laboring  under  great  embarrassment  in  not 
being  able  to  assert  definitely  and  positively  the  policy  of  our 
Board,  just  what  will  be  placed  in  the  Woman's  Building,  etc. 
All  of  these  things  must  now  be  determined  by  you. 

I  must  say  again  to  our  members  what  I  feel  to  the  bottom 
of  my  heart,  that  we,  as  women  of  America,  have  been  given  an 
opportunity  such  as  has  never  before  occurred.  Aided  by  the 
general  government,  and  by  the  government  of  the  various 
States,  with  most  generous  cooperation  from  both  the  Commis- 
sion and  the  Directory,  and  with  the  anticipated  cooperation  of 
foreign  governments,  through  committees  of  women,  all  of  which 
means  great  power  and  influence  sustaining  us,  and  sufficient 
sums  of  money  to  work  with,  are  we  large  enough  for  the  oppor- 
tunity ?  If  we  do  not  realize  the  almost  solemn  nature  of  the 
trust  placed  in  our  hands,  we  shall  set  back  the  clock  of  time 
half  a  century  for  women.  If  we  live  up  to  the  possibili- 
ties, we  shall  open  a  new  era  for  them.  Are  we  great 
enough  to  join  hands,  and  move  forward  like  a  band  of  sisters, 


186  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

giving  up  our  own  individuality  and  throwing  ourselves  into 
this  great  movement  ?  Individuals  are  but  insignificant  atoms. 
It  is  the  grand  purpose  which  is  everything.  Can  we  forget 
ourselves,  and  our  personal  ambitions  and  littlenesses,  and  be 
worthy  of  the  work  we  have  been  called  to  do  ?  Our  deeds  and 
our  words  during  the  next  five  days  will  form  the  die  with  which 
all  our  work  for  the  next  two  years  will  be  stamped.  Will  they 
be  lofty  and  magnanimous,  worthy  of  our  sex  and  the  occasion  ? 
I  feel  that  from  such  a  body  of  women  as  this  there  is  only  one 
answer  possible. 

MRS.  HOOKER,  Connecticut:  "Friends,  I  think  you  will  all 
join  with  me  in  saying  that  our  first  duty  is  to  thank  God  for  this 
magnificent  report,  and  next,  to  thank  Mrs.  Palmer." 

Mrs.  Carse  called  for  a  rising  vote  with  a  Chautauqua  salute, 
which  was  unanimously  acceded  to. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Barker,  South 
Dakota: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  assembled 
in  Chicago,  accept  with  thanks  the  clear,  able,  and  delightful 
address  of  our  President,  which,  in  a  concise  and  intelligent  man- 
ner, sets  forth  the  aims  of  our  work;  gives  a  full  r6sum6  of  what 
has  been  done,  and  comprehensive  plans  for  the  work  of  the 
future,  and  that  the  recommendations  and  suggestions  on  the 
plan  of  work  be  tabulated  and  presented  to  the  Board  for  con- 
sideration and  adoption  at  the  future  sessions  of  the  present 
meeting. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland. 

At  the  request  of  the  Chair,  Mrs.  Barker  put  the  motion  on 
her  resolution.  Carried  unanimously  by  a  rising  vote. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  at-large,  offered  the  following  resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved,  That  the  President's  address  be  ordered  printed  for 
distribution,  and  that  the  same  be  entered  on  our  official  minutes. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  and  adopted. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  187 

At  tne  request  of  the  Chair,  Miss  Ford  put  the  motion  on  her 
resolution,  which  was  carried  unanimously. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Eagle,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed,  the  pages 
were  invited  to  accompany  the  Board  on  their  visit  to  the  World's 
Fair  Grounds,  September  2,  1891. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  moved  that  the  President  be  publicly 
thanked  for  the  hard  work  she  had  done  for  the  Board  during  the 
past  summer. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan.  The  motion  was  put  by  Mrs.  Fel- 
ton and  carried  unanimously  by  a  rising  vote. 

The  Board  adjourned  until  10  A.  M.,  Thursday,  September 
3,  l89* 


13 


188  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board  of  Lady   Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session  —  Second   Day,  Thursday,  September 

3,  1891. 

The  Board  convened  pursuant  to  adjournment  at  IDA.  M.,. 
Mrs.  President  Palmer  presiding. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Carse,  of  Chicago. 
ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal ;  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood  ;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Bagley ;  New  York,  Miss  Ford  ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES.  —  Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate  ;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton  ;  Cali- 
fornia, Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane ;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson,  Mrs. 
Ashley ;  Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker  ;  Delaware,  Mrs. 
Ball,  Mrs.  Torbert,  alternate  ;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss  Beck  ; 
Georgia,  Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead  ;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Straughan  ; 
Illinois,  Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate  ;  Indiana,  Mrs. 
Meredith,  Miss  Ball,  alternate  ;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clarke,  Miss  Miller ; 
Kansas,  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback  ;  Kentucky,  Miss  Faulk- 
ner, Miss  Payne ;  Louisiana,  Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare ; 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  189 

Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Stevens  ;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs. 
Thomson  ;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Frost,  Miss  Sears,  alternate  ; 
Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell ;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Brown, 
Mrs.  Winston,  alternate  ;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  Stone ; 
Missouri,  Mrs.  Moore,  alternate ;  Montana,  Mrs.  Rickards ; 
Nebraska,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy  ;  Nevada,  Miss  Rus- 
sell, Mrs.  Foley,  alternate  ;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs. 
Hall ;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Stevens  ;  New  York, 
Mrs.  Trautmann ;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs.  Price ; 
North  Dakota,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell ;  Ohio,  Mrs. 
Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence  ;  Oregon,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Payton  ;  Penn- 
sylvania, Miss  McCandless,  Mrs.  Lucas  ;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs. 
Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey  ;  South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Brayton,  Miss 
Cunningham,  alternate;  South  Dakota,  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs. 
Barker  ;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Cooke,  Mrs.  Mason,  alternate ;  Texas, 
Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Cochran  ;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler,  Mrs. 
Cochrane,  alternate  ;  Virginia,  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul ;  Washing- 
ton, Mrs.  Owings,  Mrs.  Houghton  ;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  Linch, 
Miss  Jackson  ;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde ;  Wyoming^ 
Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell ;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett ;  Oklahoma, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles ;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Mrs.  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  —  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Mrs.  Bradwell,  Mrs. 
Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse  ;  Mrs.  Shattuck,  alternate;  Mrs.  Ten  Eyck, 
alternate. 

The  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  was  read  and  approved. 


190  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  following  communication  was  presented  and  read  : 

CHICAGO,  ILL.,  September  3,  1891. 

MRS.    POTTER   PALMER,   President   Board  of   Lady  Managers, 
World's  Columbian  Commission  : 

DEAR  MRS.  PALMER  :  —  I  have  the  honor  to  hand  you  herewith 
copy  of  resolution  just  adopted  by  the  World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission, inviting  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  to  be  present  this 
morning  at  11.30  o'clock,  when  the  Commission  will  hear  the 
representatives  of  the  various  Sunday  organizations  in  reference 
to  closing  the  Exposition  on  Sunday. 

If  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  should  accept  this  invitation, 
I  would  respectfully  request  that  you  notify  me  at  your  earliest 
convenience,  in  order  that  I  may  arrange  seats  for  the  ladies. 
Owing  to  the  crowded  condition  of  the  Council  Chamber,  seats 
will  be  arranged  both  on  the  floor  of  the  Commission  and  on 
the  first  two  rows  in  the  gallery. 

With  great  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 
Resolved,  That  we  accept  the  very  courteous  invitation  of 
the  Honorable  Board  of  Commissioners  to  visit  them  at  11.30, 
to  listen  to  the  arguments  upon  the  Sunday  closing  of  the  Colum- 
bian Exposition. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  adopted. 
The  following  communication  was  also  read: 

Mrs.  J.  H.  McVicker  presents  her  compliments  to  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  and  would  be  pleased  to  entertain  them  on 
Friday  evening,  at  McVicker's  Theatre,  to  see  Mr.  Keene  in  his 
character  of  Louis  XI. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Verdenal,  seconded  by  Miss  Shakspeare, 
the  invitation  was  accepted. 

Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  stated  that  through  the  courtesy  and 
generosity  of  Ex-Governor  Pound,  of  Wisconsin,  she  had  the 


Minutes  of  Second  Session-.  191 

pleasure  of  presenting  the  Board  with  a  gift  sanctified  by  Script- 
ure, "a  cup  of  cold  water."  She  then  announced  that  in  an 
adjoining  room  would  be  found  a  water-cooler  made  expressly 
for  the  ladies,  and  filled  with  water  from  the  Chippewa  Springs 
in  the  cool  pine  woods  of  Wisconsin,  and  which  would  be  there 
during  the  present  session  of  the  Board. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Miss  Ford,  New 
York: 

Resolved,  That  we  accept  with  thanks  the  gift  of  the  cele- 
brated Chippewa  Spring  water,  from  Ex-Governor  Pound,  of 
Wisconsin. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  Mrs.  Lucy  Stone,  and 
asked  unanimous  consent  to  hear  a  few  words  from  her. 

Mrs.  Stone  made  a  short  and  pleasing  address,  after  which 
Mrs.  Thatcher  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  of  Lady  Managers  return  a  vote 

of  thanks   to  Mrs.  Lucy  Stone  for  giving  us  the  privilege  of 

hearing  her  kind  and  able  address  this  morning,  and  for  looking 

into  the  face  of  one  so  widely  known  and  famed  for  her  abilities. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  at-large,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  and  Secretary  be,  and  they  are 
hereby  instructed  to  engage  the  services  of  a  stenographer  and 
such  assistants  to  said  stenographer  as  may  be  necessary  to 
accurately  take  and  transcribe  the  proceed)  of  this  session  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed,  and  adopted. 
The  following  communication  was  read: 
To  MRS.  POTTER  PALMER,  President,  and  to  the  Board  of  Lady 

Managers: 

MADAM  AND  LADIES:  It  would  gratify  the  management  of  the 
Illustrated  World's  Fair  to  make  and  reproduce  a  large  picture 
of  your  honorable  body. 


192  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

An  extraordinary  interest  attaches  to  your  official  sessions. 
We  would,  therefore,  like  to  show  our  recognition  of  their  his- 
torical value.  Our  photographer  awaits  your  kind  consideration 
of  this  proposal,  and  the  picture  will  be  made  to  meet  your  views 
and  tastes. 

With  great  respect, 

The  Illustrated  World's  Fair, 
JEWELL  N.  HALLIGAN,  General  Manager. 
JOHN  McGovERN,  Editor. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Miss  Payne: 

Resolved,  That  we  accept  this  kind  invitation,  with  thanks. 

Seconded  by  Miss  Faulkner,  Kentucky. 

Mrs.  Reed  moved  to  amend  by  adding,  "  if  we  can  be  taken 
as  we  sit  here,  without  consuming  valuable  time." 

Seconded  by  Miss  Busselle. 

Miss  Payne  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution  as 
amended  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That,  when  in  future,  distinguished  guests  are 
presented  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  they  show  them  the 
same  courtesy  they  would  in  their  own  homes,  by  rising  from 
their  seats  to  receive  them. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Thatcher,  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Stevens,  Maine,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  if  any  errors  appear  in  the  report  of  the 
Secretary,  the  corrections  shall  be  made  at  the  close  of  the  read- 
ing of  the  report,  and  besides  being  stated  verbally,  shall  also 
be  presented  in  writing  to  the  Secretary. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  adopted. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Eagle, 
Arkansas: 

Resolved,  That  we  meet  at  10  o'clock  A.M.,  adjourn  at  12.30, 
meet  at  3  P.  M.,  and  adjourn  at  5.30. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Meredith,  and  adopted. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  193 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  seconded 
by  Miss  Shakspeare,  Louisiana,  the  Board  adjourned  to  3  o'clock 
p.  M. 


The  Board  re-assembled  at  3  P.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Meredith,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Lucas,  it 
was  agreed  to  dispense  with  the  roll  call  at  the  afternoon  sessions 
of  the  Board. 

The  Chair  called  for  the  report  of  the  Secretary,  which  was 
read  as  follows  : 

SECRETARY'S  REPORT. 
To  the  Members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 

LADIES:  In  compliance  with  Article  VIII.  of  the  By-Laws 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  which  requires  the  Secretary 
to  keep  a  full  and  accurate  record  of  the  proceedings,  and  make 
report  from  time  to  time,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith 
the  following  statement  of  the  work  done  in  and  through  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  since  April  15,  1891. 

The  number  of  letters  found  in  the  Secretary's  office  pre- 
vious to  this  date  is  108,  all  of  which  have  been  duly  filed  and 
classified. 

The  total  amount  of  Exposition  mail  aggregates  8,116  pieces, 
which  may  be  classified  as  follows: 

Thirteen  hundred  reports  on  State  work  have  been  distributed 
through  the  various  States  and  Territories. 

Eight  hundred  and  thirty  copies  of  Mrs.  Palmer's  address  to 
the  Fortnightly  Club  of  Chicago,  also  730  copies  of  her  report 
to  the  Executive  Committee,  have  been  circulated  both  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe. 

Four  hundred  and  sixty  copies  of  a  letter  from  the  Executive 
Committee,  800  copies  of  the  official  statement  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  1,908  circular  letters,  582  replies  to  letters  received, 
and  1,506  newspapers,  pamphlets,  and  telegrams  have  been  for- 
warded to  members  of  the  Board  and  others  interested  in  the 
work. 


194  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Eight  hundred  and  sixty-six  letters  have  been  received.  Of 
this  number,  205  are  applications  for  space,  entering  exhibits, 
for  various  positions  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board,  and  for 
appointments  in  Mexico  and  other  foreign  countries. 

A  system  of  filing  letters  has  been  established,  which  experi- 
ence has  proved  helpful  and  convenient  in  the  dispatch  of 
business. 

The  minutes  of  the  first  session  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  also  those  of  the  Executive  Committee,  have  been 
recorded  in  books  prepared  for  that  purpose.  They  are  open  at 
all  times  for  inspection  by  any  member  of  the  Board. 

The  following  is  an  itemized  statement  of  expenditures  since 
the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year,  July  i,  1891,  and  which  have 
been  duly  approved  by  our  President  and  submitted  to  the  Board 
of  Control: 

To  July  salaries $656  oo 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  printers 70  55 

Stenographic  work 35  oo 

Letter-heads  and  envelopes 27  50 

Postage  stamps 15  oo 

Gas i  oo 

Supplies  for  September  meeting 13  oo 


Total $8 1 8  05 

Since  the  meeting  of  November,  1890,  a  number  of  changes 
have  occurred  in  the  personnel  of  the  Board,  and  the  Secretary 
of  the  Commission  has  furnished  me  with  the  following  list  as 
appointed  by  President  Palmer: 

Mrs.  J.  Wilson  Patterson,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Mary- 
land, to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Birckhead,  deceased. 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Clarke,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Minnesota,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  Allen  Hulbert,  resigned. 

Mrs.  Philip  B.  Winston,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Min- 
nesota, to  succeed  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Clarke,  appointed  Lady 
Manager. 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Palmer,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  New  York, 
to  succeed  Mrs.  W.  Bourke  Cochran,  resigned. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  195 

Mrs.  J.  S.  R.  Thomson,  as  one  of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
South  Carolina,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Darby,  deceased. 

Miss  Florida  Cunningham,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from 
South  Carolina,  to  succeed  Mrs.  J.  S.  R.  Thomson,  appointed  Lady 
Manager. 

Mrs.  Chas.  J.  McClung,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Ten- 
nessee, to  succeed  Mrs.  Bessie  Bowen  McClung,  resigned. 

Miss  Lucia  Perea,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  New  Mexico. 
Mrs.   A.    K.    Delaney,  as   one   of  the  Lady  Managers  from 
Alaska. 

Miss  Maxwell  Stevenson,  as  one  of  the  alternates  from  Alaska. 
Mrs.    Eliza  Rickard,  as  one   of   the   Lady  Managers   from 
Montana,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Henry  Knippenberg,  resigned. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SUSAN  G.  COOKE, 

Secretary  pro  tern.  Hoard  of  Lady  Managers. 
CHICAGO,  September  2,  1891. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  seconded  by  Mrs. 
Ryan,  Texas,  the  report  was  accepted. 

The  Chair  called  for  a  report  from  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Committee,  suggested 
that  as  the  report  was  a  lengthy  one,  it  might  be  better  to  have 
it  printed  rather  than  read  at  the  present  meeting. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  moved  that  the  report  be  read. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Meredith  then  submitted  the  report  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  which  was  read  and  is  in  the  following  words  and 
figures,  to  wit: 

To   the  Hoard  of    Lady   Managers  of    the    World's  Columbian 

Commission: 

LADIES:  In  obedience  to  Article  V.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  which  requires  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  "  report  fully  all  their  transactions  to  the  Board  at  its 


196  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

stated  and  special  meetings,"  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the 
following  report  for  your  information.  This  report  embraces 
everything  of  sufficient  importance  to  merit  your  consideration. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Committee  was  held  at  our  head- 
quarters in  the  City  of  Chicago,  April  8,  1891,  pursuant  to  a 
call  made  by  the  President  of  the  Board. 

The  President  made  a  full  report  of  the  affairs  of  the  Board, 
a  copy  of  which  was  ordered  sent  to  each  member  of  the  Board. 

The  following  By-Laws  were  adopted  for  the  government  of 
the  Executive  Committee: 

BY-LAWS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

ARTICLE  I. 

PoTvers  of  the  Committee. 

The  World's  Columbian  Commission,  at  a  meeting  held  in 
April,  1891,  authorized  and  empowered  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  or  Sub-Committee  of  said  Exec- 
utive Committee,  to  exercise  any  and  all  powers  which  said  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  might  exercise  in  session,  including  the  right 
and  privilege  of  amending  the  By-Laws  of  said  Board,  should 
said  Executive  Committee  or  Sub-Committee  at  any  time  deem 
it  necessary  or  advisable. 

ARTICLE  II. 
Sub-Committee. 

There  shall  be  a  Sub-Committee  of  ten,  of  which  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  be  Chairman  ex-officio, 
andwho  shall  appoint  the  remaining  nine.  In  the  absence  of  the 
Chairman,  the  Vice-Chairman  shall  preside.  Five  members  shall 
constitute  a  quorum. 

ARTICLE  III. 

Officers. 

The  officers  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  consist  of  a 
Chairman,  Vice-Chairman,  and  Secretary.  The  President  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  shall  be  ex-officio  Chairman,  and  the 
Vice-Chairman  and  Secretary  shall  be  elected  by  the  Com- 
mittee. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  197 

ARTICLE  IV. 
Duties  of  Officers. 

The  Chairman  shall  preside  over  all  the  meetings  of  the  Com- 
mittee, and  shall  appoint  all  committees,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  the  Executive  Committee,  and  generally  perform 
such  duties  as  devolve  upon  the  presiding  officers  of  deliberative 
bodies.  She  shall  have  full  and  complete  control,  subject  to 
the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  or  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  and  of  the  approval  of  the  Commission  and  its 
Director-General;  and  all  correspondence,  clerical  and  working 
force,  and  expenditures  of  money,  shall  be  approved  by  her,  and 
she  must  have  all  accounts  duly  audited  and  certify  the  same  to 
the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control  for  approval.  In  the 
absence  of  the  Chairman,  the  Vice-Chairman  shall  perform  the 
duties  of  the  Chairman,  and  in  the  absence  of  both  the  Chair- 
man and  the  Vice-Chairman,  the  Committee  may  be  called  to 
order  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  a  Chair- 
man pro  tern,  elected  by  the  Committee. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  attend  all 
meetings  of  the  Committee,  and  shall  keep  a  full  and  accurate 
record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Committee,  and  preserve  in  an 
orderly  way,  all  its  papers  and  documents,  and  generally  perform 
all  the  duties  of  Secretary,  and  conduct  the  correspondence  of 
the  Committee,  subject  to  the  supervision  and  direction  of  the 
Chairman,  or  in  her  absence  the  Vice-Chairman,  and  shall  per- 
form any  other  duties  which  may  be  assigned  to  her  by  the 
Chairman. 

ARTICLE  V. 
Committee. 

Meetings  of  the  Committee  shall  be  held  upon  the  call  of  the 
Chairman,  and  reasonable  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  each 
meeting  shall  be  given  to  each  member  of  the  Committee.  In 
absence  of  the  Chairman,  the  Vice-Chairman  shall  have  power  to 
convene  the  Committee. 

ARTICLE  VI. 
Vacancies  of  Committee. 

In  the  event  of  the  resignation  or  death  of  a  member  of  the 


198  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Executive  Committee,  the  Chairman  shall   fill   the   vacancy  by 
appointing  another  member  from  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

Quorum. 

Ten  members  of  the  full  Committee  shall  constitute  a  quorum 
for  the  transaction  of  business,  but  a  less  number  may  adjourn 
from  time  to  time  pending  the  arrival  of  a  quorum,  when  the 
Committee  has  been  properly  summoned. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Order  of  Business. 

1.  Roll  call. 

2.  Reading,  correction,  and  approval  of  minutes. 

3.  Consideration  of  communications  before  the  Committee. 

4.  Reports  of  officers  of  the  Committee. 

5.  Reports  of  sub-committees,  in  order. 

6.  Reports  of  Standing  Committees. 

7.  Unfinished  business. 

8.  Motions,  resolutions,  and  new  business. 

All  reports  shall  be  made  in  writing,  and  all  motions  and 
resolutions,  if  the  Chairman  so  direct,  shall  also  be  in  writing. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

These  By-Laws  may  be  amended,  altered,  or  suspended  by 
the  recorded  consent  of  not  less  than  ten  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee, at  any  meeting  of  the  Committee. 

In  compliance  with  these  rules,  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  Committee,  and  Mrs.  Virginia  C. 
Meredith  was  elected  Vice-Chairman. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  was  requested 
to  make  a  report  of  the  business  done  in  her  office  since  the 
meeting  last  November. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  communicate 
congratulations  and  thanks  to  each  architect  who  submitted 
designs  for  the  Woman's  Building  of  the  Columbian  Exposition; 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  199 

the  number  of  said  committee  to  be  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
President. 

JResolved,  That  the  Chairman  appoint  a  committee  to  confer 
with  Miss  Hayden  in  regard  to  her  plans  for  the  Woman's 
Building  and  to  report  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Miss  Hayden  presented  her  plan  for  the  Woman's  Building, 
and  explained  the  drawings  in  a  clear  and  explicit  manner. 

Mrs.  President  Palmer  gave  a  very  interesting  and  detailed 
account  of  the  location  and  adaptation  of  the  building. 

A  motion  was  carried  that  all  decisions  with  reference  to  the 
Woman's  Building  be  left  entirely  with  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer. 

This  last  was  adopted  in  view  of  the  fact  that  changes  in  the 
plan  might  be  necessary  in  order  to  make  it  conform  to  the 
necessities  of  construction  and  location,  hence  it  was  imperative 
that  authority  should  be  given  to  some  one  to  act  promptly, 
decisively  and  intelligently. 

The  following  Report  was  ordered  sent  to  each  member  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  APPOINTED  TO  DRAFT  A  LETTER  TO  BE 
SENT    OUT   TO   EACH    MEMBER   OF    THE    BOARD   OF   LADY 
MANAGERS. 
To  the  Members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  : 

Owing  to  the  imperfection  of  the  printed  minutes  of  the 
November  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  there  has 
arisen  a  question  in  the  minds  of  some  of  the  members  of  said 
Board  concerning  the  legal  formation  of  their  Executive  Com- 
mittee, now  in  session. 

Having  been  apprised  of  this  difference  of  opinion,  we,  your 
Committee,  in  justice  to  each  of  you,  and  to  our  highly  esteemed 
President,  deem  some  explanation  essential. 

After  carefully  considering  the  stenographic  report,  and  com- 
paring it  closely  with  the  printed  minutes  of  our  meeting,  and 
studying  the  minutes  as  a  whole,  we  render  as  our  opinion  that 
Article  V.  of  the  By- Laws,  which  reads  as  follows: 
EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

"There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  twenty- 
five  members,  besides  the  President,  each  of  whom  shall  be  ap- 


200  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

pointed  by  the  President;  each  of  the  Standing  Committees  to 
be  represented  on  the  Executive  Board.  The  said  Committee, 
when  the  Board  is  not  in  session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers.  Ten  members  shall  constitute  a 
quorum,  and  the  Committee  may  make  such  regulations  for  its 
own  government  and  the  exercise  of  its  functions  through 
the  medium  of  such  sub-committees  as  it  may  consider  expedi- 
ent. This  Committee  shall  recommend  to  the  Commission  such 
employe's  and  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly 
define  the  duties.  They  shall  report  fully  all  their  transactions 
to  the  Board  at  its  stated  and  special  meetings.  In  case  of  any 
vacancy  in  the  Committee,  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  President.  In  all  cases  where  managers  who  are 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  are  absent,  their  alternates 
are  directed  to  represent  them  on  the  Committee," 

is  a  correct  expression  of  the  intention  and  action  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers. 

This  action,  being  taken  after  the  adoption  of  the  report  of 
the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  was  evidently  under- 
stood to  be  in  harmony  with  that  report,  or  it  would  not  have 
been  so  unanimously  adopted. 

Mrs.  Ryan,  of  Texas,  offered  an  amendment  to  Article  IV. 
of  the  report  of  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  which 
read  as  follows:  "  That  the  committee  of  twenty-six  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  President."  That  the  amendment  was  adopted, 
and  so  declared  by  the  President,  is  beyond  question.  It  is  to 
be  regretted  that  the  Article,  as  printed  afterward  in  the 
minutes,  does  not  read  as  amended. 

However,  the  evidence  is  conclusive  that  it  was  the  purpose 
and  action  of  the  Board  to  leave  the  appointment  of  the 
Executive  Committee  entirely  with  the  President  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers. 

We  desire  also  to  call  your  attention  to  Resolution  5  of  the 
Board  of  Control,  adopted  by  the  Commission  April  3d,  which 
reads  as  follows: 

Fifth.  That,  owing  to  the  evident  intention  of  Congress  to 
allow  few  meetings  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the 
Executive  Committee  thereof,  or  a  sub-committee  of  said  Execu- 
tive Committee,  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered,  in  the. 
absence  of  the  Board,  to  exercise  any  and  all  powers  which  said 
Board  might  exercise  in  session,  including  the  right  and  privilege 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  201 

of  amending  its  By-Laws,  should  said  Executive  Committee  or 
sub-committee  at  any  time  deem  it  necessary  or  advisable. 

Our  thanks  are  due  our  President  and  the  Finance  Commit- 
tee, and  we,  as  a  Board,  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the  success  of 
their  efforts  in  securing  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  Congress  which 
provides  $36,000,  distinctly  set  apart  for  the  use  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  which  sum  will  be  available  after  July  ist. 

We  regret  that  the  entire  sum  of  $52,000  asked  for  by  our 
President  in  an  itemized  estimate  of  the  expenses  for  the  incom- 
ing fiscal  year  had  stricken  from  it  the  item  of  $15,000  for  the 
expense  of  a  full  meeting  of  the  Board. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Commission,  provision  was 
made  for  this  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  for  which 
we  feel  indebted. 

We  feel  that  the  thanks  of  the  entire  Board  are  due  our 
President  for  her  persistent  and  untiring  efforts  to  secure  funds 
sufficient  for  a  meeting  of  the  full  Board,  as  is  made  known  to 
us  by  the  many  letters  and  telegrams  now  on  file,  received  by 
her  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  the  President  of  the 
Commission,  and  others. 

We  urge  each  member  of  the  Board  to  unite  her  earnest 
efforts  with  our  own,  and  to  use  her  influence  both  with  the 
Commission  and  with  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington, 
to  secure  a  full  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  at 
some  early  date,  and  also  to  secure  from  Congress,  when 
assembled,  an  additional  special  appropriation  for  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  consider  applications  of  ladies 
applying  to  go  to  South  America  in  the  interests  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  presented  the  following  report: 

Applications  and  recommendations  have  been  received  from 
Mrs.  C.  W.  Romney,  Mrs.  Mary  K.  Wilmarth,  for  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Crocker,  Jean  Matill,  Madame  Claudia  Howell  de  Gonzales, 
Miss  Carrie  Angelica  Hughes,  Miss  Anna  W.  Tell,  Miss  Marie 
B.  Schiller,  Miss  Sophie  B.  Pennock,  Mrs.  L.  C.  Baxter,  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Mohun,  Miss  Virginia  W.  Dodge,  Miss  Helen  M.  Lester  and 
Miss  Ellen  M.  Ford. 


202  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

It  is  recommended  that  Miss  Marie  B.  Schiller,  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  be  sent  to  Columbia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador,  Peru,  Bolivia, 
and  Brazil. 

Miss  Ellen  A.  Ford,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  to  Chili,  Argentine 
Republic,  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay. 

Miss  Helen  Lester,  of  Chicago,  to  Mexico  and  Central 
America. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  Knowledge  having  come  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission,  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  has  taken 
steps  to  have  printed  the  alleged  minutes  of  the  November  ses- 
sion of  said  Board,  at  the  expense  of  some  party  or  parties  other 
than  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  real  and  true  minutes  of  the  November 
session  have  not  been  approved  by  the  proper  authority,  and 
any  attempt  to  print  and  circulate  incorrect  minutes  is,  in  our 
opinion,  a  grave  breach  of  ordinary  usage,  and  a  serious  viola- 
tion of  the  respect  due  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  following  was  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  was  requested  and  notified  to  appear  before 
the  Executive  Committee  to  answer  complaints  of  misconduct 
and  neglect  of  duty  in  connection  with  said  office,  which  she  has 
failed  to  do,  and  said  Committee  being  satisfied  that  said  com- 
plaints are  well  founded,  and  that  the  public  business  entrusted  to 
said  Committee  and  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  can  not  and  will 
not  be  properly  transacted  while  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins  continues 
to  hold  said  office,  and  that  she  will  not  discharge  the  duties  of 
said  office  in  proper  cooperation  with  the  President  and  other 
members  of  said  Board;  it  is 

Resolved,  By  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  that  said  Secretary,  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  be  and 
she  is  hereby  removed  from  said  office. 

The  following  was  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  At  the  session  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
in  November  last,  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke  received  next  to 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  203 

the  highest  number  of  votes  at  the  election  of  Secretary;  there- 
fore in  consideration  of  this  fact,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cpoke  be  appointed  to  fill 
the  position  of  acting  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, and  that  she  shall  receive  the  salary  as  provided  for  the 
office  of  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

This  latter  action  was  subsequently  reconsidered,  and  Mrs. 
Cooke  was  elected  by  ballot  Secretary  pro  tern,  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Commission. 

The  following  communication  was  sent  to  the  Board  of 
Reference  and  Control  : 

To  the  Honorable  Board  of  Reference  and  Control : 

GENTLEMEN  :  By  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  there  has  been  sent  you  a 
copy  of  the  resolution  removing  from  office  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins, 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Com- 
mission. Enclosed  herewith  is  a  copy  of  the  official  statement 
made  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  the  members  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  which  statement  recites  the  facts  as  they  were 
presented  for  consideration  and  action  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. We  commend  this  .statement  to  your  thoughtful  attention. 

It  is  a  matter  of  unfeigned  regret  that  this  course  should 
have  been  necessary.  There  was,  however,  no  alternative  when 
we  recognized,  as  we  did  unanimously,  that  it  was  impossible  to 
conduct  the  affairs  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  with  any  de- 
gree of  success  while  an  officer  of  that  Board  was  not  only  refusing 
to  perform  the  duties  of  her  important  office  in  a  business-like 
way,  but  was  also  using  her  official  position  to  create  discord 
among  the  members  of  the  Board.  The  situation  was  much 
aggravated  by  a  continual  desire  and  constant  practice  on  the 
part  of  the  Secretary  to  give  through  the  public  press  prominence 
to  matters  that  were  essentially  personal  and  private. 

The  Executive  Committee,  after  carefully  investigating  the 
situation,  made  its  decision  as  detailed  in  the  accompanying 
statement. 

In  this  connection  we  desire  to  express  our  regret  that  the 
unavailing  applications  made  to  all  the  authorities  to  callameet- 

14 


204  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ing  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady  Managers  has  forced  upon  the 
Executive  Committee  the  responsibility  of  taking  final  action  in 
this  important  matter. 

Of  the  Executive  Committee,  twelve  of  whom  voted  for  Miss 
Couzins  when  she  was  elected,  not  one  approved  her  conduct; 
the  twenty-three  ladies  present  at  the  session  were  unanimous  in 
the  vote  upon  the  resolution  of  removal,  the  ayes  and  noes  being 
called  for. 

We  found  the  situation  difficult,  and  we  endeavored  to  meet 
it  with  dignity  and  decision. 

In  conclusion,  we  most  respectfully  ask  your  approval  and 
recognition  of  Mrs.  Susan  Gale  Cooke  as  Secretary  pro  tern,  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
now  in  session,  would  be  pleased  to  meet  your  Board,  or  a  com- 
mittee from  it,  to  confer  in  regard  to  this  matter,  if  it  seems  to 
you  desirable. 

The  following  statement  was  prepared,  and  ordered  sent  to 
each  member  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers: 

AN  OFFICIAL  STATEMENT  OF  THE  ACTION  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGERS  IN 
REMOVING  FROM  OFFICE  Miss  PHOEBE  COUZINS,  SECRE- 
TARY OF  THE  BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGERS  OF  THE 
COLUMBIAN  COMMISSION.  AT  THIS  SESSION  WERE  PRES- 
ENT TWENTY-THREE  OF  THE  TWENTY-SIX  MEMBERS  COM- 
POSING THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 
To  the  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Commission  : 

Your  Executive  Committee,  now  in  session  in  the  City  of 
Chicago,  requests  your  kind  consideration  of  the  following  state- 
ment concerning  its  action  in  removing  Miss  Couzins  from  office 
and  the  authority  and  reasons  therefor,  as  they  are  herein  set 
forth.  Articles  IV.  and  V.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  adopted  November  25,  1890,  read  as  follows: 

ARTICLE  IV.  Officers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers:  The 
officers  of  this  Board  shall  consist  of  a  president,  whose  official 
title  shall  be  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Commission;  nine  vice-presidents,  who  shall. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  205 

be  denominated  as  first,  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh, 
and  eighth  vice-presidents,  and  a  vice-president-at-large,  and  a 
secretary;  all  of  whom  shall  hold  their  offices  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ARTICLE  V.  Executive  Committee.  There  shall  be  an  Execu- 
tive Committee,  consisting  of  twenty-five  members,  besides  the 
President,  each  of  whom  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President; 
each  of  the  Standing  Committees  to  be  represented  on  the  Execu- 
tive Board.  The  said  Committee,  when  the  Board  is  not  in 
session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 
Ten  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  and  the  Commit- 
tee may  make  such  regulations  for  its  own  government  and  the 
exercise  of  its  functions  through  the  medium  of  such  sub-com- 
mittees as  it  may  consider  expedient.  This  Committee  shall 
recommend  to  the  Commission  such  employes  and  agents  as 
may  be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly  define  the  duties.  They 
shall  report  fully  all  their  transactions  to  the  Board  at  its  stated 
and  special  meetings.  In  case  of  any  vacancy  in  the  Committee, 
the  same  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  of  the  President.  In 
all  cases  where  Managers  who  are  members  of  the  Executive 
Committee  are  absent,  their  alternates  are  directed  to  represent 
them  on  the  Committee. 

The  following  is  the  action  of  the  World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission at  its  session  in  this  city,  Wednesday,  April  i,  1891: 

Resolved,  fifth,  That,  owing  to  the  evident  intention  of 
Congress  to  allow  few  meetings  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, the  Executive  Committee  thereof,  or  a  sub-committee  of 
said  Executive  Committee,  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered, 
in  the  absence  of  the  Board,  to  exercise  any  and  all  powers  which 
said  Board  might  exercise  in  session,  including  the  right  and 
privilege  of  amending  its  By-Laws,  should  said  Executive  Com- 
mittee or  sub-committee  at  any  time  deem  it  necessary  or 
advisable. 

In  accordance  with  Article  VIII.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  which  reads  as  follows — 

ARTICLE  VIII.  Duties  of  the  Secretary:  The  Secretary  shall  con- 
duct the  correspondence  of  the  Commission  and  be  the  custodian 
of  all  documents  and  records  relating  to  its  business.  She  shall 
keep  a  full  and  accurate  record  of  its  proceedings,  and  shall  make 
report  of  same  from  time  to  time,  as  she  may  be  required.  She 
shall  keep  all  the  accounts  of  the  Commission,  and  certify  the 
same  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  payment.  All  papers, 
accounts,  and  records  in  her  custody  shall  at  all  times  be  open  to 
inspection  on  demand  of  any  Lady  Manager — 
the  following  resolution  was  adopted: 


206  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
be  requested  to  make  a  report  of  the  business  done  in  her  office 
since  the  meeting  of  the  Board  last  November. 

A  copy  of  this  resolution  was  sent  to  Miss  Couzins,  to  which 
no  reply  was  made. 

On  April  gth,  the  second  day  of  the  session  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  important  business  was  pending  and  a  motion  to  go 
into  executive  session  was  carried,  whereupon  the  Chair  requested 
all  persons  not  members  of  the  Committee  to  withdraw.  Miss 
Couzins  being  in  the  room,  refused  to  leave,  and  stated  that  she 
would  not  leave  except  in  compliance  with  the  adoption  of  a 
resolution  requesting  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers to  leave  the  room,  and  further  stated  that  she  expected  to 
base  some  legal  proceeding  upon  such  a  resolution  if  offered  and 
adopted.  In  order  to  avoid  a  disagreeable  scene  the  Executive 
Committee  at  once  adjourned,  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the 
Chairman. 

April  nth,  a  committee  of  two  was  appointed  to  convey  to 
Miss  Couzins  another  copy  of  this  resolution.  The  committee 
reported  that  she  requested  further  time  before  responding. 

The    following    communication    was    received     from    Miss 

Couzins  : 

CHICAGO,  ILL.,  April  13,  189: 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  LADY 
MANAGERS. 

Mrs.  POTTER  PALMER,  President  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  AND 
MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  : 

LADIES:  In  response  to  the  request  of  a  special  committee 
— Mrs.  Eagle  and  Mrs.  Thatcher — deputed  to  ask  of  me  a  re- 
port, I  herewith  submit  a  retrospect  of  the  work  thus  far  accom- 
plished. I  infer  that  a  detailed  report  is  not  expected,  since 
only  in  the  annual  report  of  all  organizations,  when  the  full 
roster  of  the  officers'  reports  are  received,  this  is  done. 

I  think  we  may  safely  congratulate  ourselves  that  the  first 
quarter  of  our  existence  indicates  a  steady  advance  in  the  interest 
of  the  work  of  the  Board.  Since  the  first  issue  from  the  Secre- 
tary's office  of  a  circular  letter,  on  the  zgth  of  November,  to 
each  member  and  alternate,  warning  them  of  the  danger  of 
Congressional  restrictions  in  financial  directions,  there  has  been 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  207 

a  steady  stream  of  literature  and  directive  matter  sent  out  and 
letters  of  inquiry  and  suggestion  received.  A  few  foreign  letters 
have  come  to  us,  one  especially  from  the  Japanese  Minister, 
directing  the  Board  to  prominent  ladies  in  his  native  land,  who 
would  cordially  unite  in  the  quadro-centennial  celebration. 

It  is  also  a  subject  of  congratulation  that  our  work  in  the  first 
quarter  seems  to  have  accomplished  more  in  proportion  to  results 
than  the  work  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  National  Commission,  in 
that  the  Board  while  still  so  new  in  official  relations  has  not  only 
inaugurated  active  work  in  the  States  and  Territories,  but,  by 
vigorous  Congressional  labor  through  its  President  and  Finance 
Committee  at  Washington,  saved  the  National  Commission  from 
complete  overthrow,  which,  it  is  to  be  regretted,  it  ungallantly 
returned  by  putting  us  under  bonds. 

I  have  performed  the  duties  of  the  Secretary's  office  care- 
fully and  promptly  in  so  far  as  I  have  been  permitted  to  do  them, 
but  have  labored  under  great  embarrassment,  not  only  because  a 
portion  of  the  duties  and  supervision  assigned  me  by  our  By- 
Law  No.  8  have  been  diverted  into  other  channels,  but  because, 
also,  my  mail,  by  a  recent  order,  has  been  directed  to  the  Presi- 
dent's division,  and  I  am  uncertain  as  to  whether  the  official 
correspondence  which  properly  comes  to  me  under  that  By- Law 
reaches  its  proper  destination. 

Another  embarrassment  exists  in  that  the  Secretary's  office 
is  not  thoroughly  equipped  with  all  necessary  machinery  for 
prompt  service,  chief  among  which  is  the  need  of  a  letter-press. 
All  this,  I  presume,  in  the  future  will  be  speedily  remedied  when 
the  Congressional  appropriation  set  apart  for  the  use  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  comes  under  our  exclusive  control. 

I  also  ask  that  you  will  promptly  act  upon  my  communication 
sent  to  the  Board  of  Control  on  February  26th,  in  relation  to  the 
clerical  force  in  my  office  ;  the  qualifications  for  their  work  are 
especially  set  forth  in  that  communication,  which  I  understand 
has  been  referred  to  you.  These  ladies  have  thus  far  been  paid 
a  meagre  sum  through  borrowed  funds,  and  I  ask  in  fixing  these 
salaries  that  you  will  provide  a  retroactive  clause  that  they  may 
receive  just  compensation  for  the  work  of  the  past. 

In  this  connection  I  herewith  most  emphatically  enter  my 
protest  against  the  breach  of  etiquette  and  wholly  unprece- 
dented action  of  two  members  of  the  Executive  Committee,  who 
entered  my  office  late  in  the  evening  of  Saturday,  April  nth,  and 
in  my  presence  subjected  those  clerks  to  categorical  inquiries  as 
to  the  condition  of  the  office  and  their  qualifications  for  their 
work — a  province  which  is  solely  and  wholly  under  my  jurisdic- 
tion and  control. 

And,  in  conclusion,  permit  me  also  to   protest  against  the 


208  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

exclusion  of  myself  as  a  member  of  your  Executive  body,  and 
to  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  while  you  hold 
your  offices  simply  by  tenure  of  appointment,  the  President's 
and  Secretary's  position  is  fixed  by  election  and  adoption,  under 
the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent  Organization,  No- 
vember 2ist  and  22d,  and  these  permanent  officers  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  are  as  firmly  established  by  that  action  as  were 
those  officers  on  November  2oth  as  permanent  officers  of  the 
Board. 

If  there  are  special  points  of  inquiry  to  which  you  wish  a  re- 
ply, I  shall  be  most  happy  to  afford  the  needed  information. 
Very  respectfully  submitted, 

PHOEBE  W.  COUZINS, 
Secretary  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  President,  Mrs.  Palmer,  said  : 

LADIES  :  I  might  make  a  statement  in  reference  to  this  matter. 
I  have  never  known  how  much  correspondence  went  from  the 
Secretary's  office.  I  have  not  known  what  the  clerks  were  doing. 
When  Miss  Couzins  recently  went  to  St.  Louis,  I  told  the  janitor 
of  the  building  during  Miss  Couzins'  absence  to  bring  all  the 
mail  to  my  table,  and  then  had  Miss  Couzins'  clerk  come  in,  and 
asked  what  instructions  she  had  in  regard  to  the  mail.  .She  said 
Miss  Couzins  had  told  her  to  open  the  mail  and  decide 
what  was  to  be  done  with  it.  I  had  her  open  the  mail 
and  report  to  me  what  was  in  it.  She  reported  to  me,  that  one 
morning,  and  said  there  were  only  three  letters,  one  a  com- 
munication which  had  been  sent  out  to  all  of  our  ladies  from 
New  York.  They  were  addressed  to  Miss  Couzins,  and  in  the 
body  of  the  communication  was  a  distinct  statement  that  they 
must  be  presented  to  the  President.  Mrs.  Bullene,  in  handing 
that  to  me,  said  that  it  was  one  of  those  circular  letters  that 
had  been  coming  in.  I  asked  her  if  she  had  received  others, 
not  having  had  any  information  from  the  Secretary's  office. 
She  said  yes,  they  had  received  a  great  many,  and  then  I  asked 
her  to  bring  them  to  me.  That  was  the  first  knowledge  I  had 
that  any  of  them  had  come  in,  although  Miss  Couzins  was  dis- 
tinctly instructed  in  the  document  itself  to  hand  them  to  me. 
Mrs.  Bullene  handed  me  ten  or  fifteen.  I  gave  them  back  to 
her  to  be  filed.  The  mail  was  brought  to  my  table  next  morning, 
but  Mrs.  Bullene  did  not  report,  and  Miss  Couzins  returned.  I 
only  saw  the  outside  of  the  envelopes  and  saw  what  was  in  one 
of  the  three  letters  that  morning.  I  gave  the  janitor  instructions 
to  place  the  Secretary's  letters  on  her  desk  as  usual. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  209 

The  following  official  letters  were  read  to  the  Executive 
Committee: 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY, 
WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  COMMISSION, 

CHICAGO,  April  10,  1891. 

Mrs.   POTTER    PALMER,   President  Board  of  Lady    Managers, 

World's  Columbian  Commission: 

DEAR  MRS.  PALMER:  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Control  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Commission,  held  in  this  city,  February  25,  1891,  a  communi- 
cation was  received  from  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  stating  that  she  had  appointed 
two  clerks  in  her  office,  and  requesting  the  Board  to  fix  their 
compensation.  This  communication  was,  by  order  of  the  Board 
of  Control,  respectfully  referred  to  you,  with  the  request  that 
you  advise  the  Board  of  Control  in  reference  thereto,  to  which 
you  replied  that  this  was  a  matter  for  the  consideration  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers.  The 
Board  of  Control,  therefore,  suspended  action  thereon  until  the 
meeting  of  your  Executive  Committee,  and  said  Committee  being 
now  in  session,  I  would  respectfully  request  that  you  have  this 
matter  brought  up  for  consideration  and  action  by  this  Commit- 
tee, in  order  that  the  Board  of  Control,  when  it  meets  again  in 
this  city,  on  the  2yth  instant,  may  receive  a  report  from  your 
Executive  Committee  in  regard  to  this  subject.  With  great 
respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON, 

Secretary. 

CHICAGO,  March  7,  1891. 
Board  of  Reference  and  Control  World's  Columbian  Commission: 

GENTLEMEN  :  Your  communication  of  March  6,  containing 
an  application  from  Miss  Couzins  for  the  appointment  of  two 
clerks  in  her  office,  has  been  handed  me.  By  our  By-Laws  our 
Executive  Committee  is  authorized  to  recommend  such  employe's 
and  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  and  to  define  their  duties,  which 
fact  Miss  Couzins  must  have  overlooked  at  the  time  she  wrote 
you.  I  respectfully  ask,  therefore,  that  you  refer  this  matter  to 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and, 
by  so  doing,  you  will  greatly  oblige,  yours  truly, 

BERTHA  M.  H.  PALMER, 
President  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


210  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGERS, 
WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  COMMISSION, 

CHICAGO,  ILL.,  February  25,  1891. 

To  the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control,  World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission: 

GENTLEMEN:  I  herewith  respectfully  submit  for  your  approval 
the  estimate  of  the  clerical  force  that  I  find  necessary  to  the 
thorough  discharge  of  the  duties  of  my  office.  Mrs.  Emma  Jay 
Bullene  was  highly  recommended  to  me  by  Mr.Thomas  B.  Bullene, 
of  Kansas  City,  who  is  one  of  the  Missouri  Commissioners.  She 
is  the  widow  of  a  nephew  of  Mr.  Bullene,  and  has  long  been  a 
resident  of  Chicago.  It  was  suggested  to  me  by  Mr.  Bullene  at 
the  closing  session  of  our  Board,  in  November,  that,  during  my 
necessary  absence  in  St.  Louis,  preparatory  to  finally  returning 
here,  Mrs.  Bullene  was  thoroughly  capable  of  taking  care  of  my 
office  and  performing  its  duties.  She  came  to  me  on  the  zyth  of 
November,  1890,  and  has  been  with  me  ever  since,  save  a  short 
absence  in  January,  fulfilling  her  duties  as  record  and  file  clerk 
and  accountant  in  the  most  thorough  and  satisfactory  manner; 
and  in  view  of  the  constantly  increasing  business  in  this  division, 
I  most  cordially  submit  her  name  for  approval. 

Miss  Annette  E.  Crocker  came  to  this  office  on  the  loth  of 
January,  at  a  time  when  we  were  especially  filled  with  stress  of 
business,  and  needed  a  stenographer  and  typewriter  at  once. 
Her  application  fora  position  as  linguist  and  translator  of  foreign 
correspondence  had  been  made  in  Secretary  Dickinson's  office 
and  in  that  of  the  Director-General.  Finding  that  she  com- 
bined these  excellent  qualifications,  which  will  be  extremely 
valuable  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  the  near  future,  with 
the  knowledge  of  stenography  and  typewriting,  and  having  the 
approval  of  Director-General  Davis,  and  President  T.  W.  Palmer, 
I  at  once  suggested  her  coming  into  this  office.  I  herewith 
append,  for  your  review,  copies  of  her  letters  of  indorsement 
which  are  filed  in  the  office  of  Secretary  Dickinson,  and  of  the 
Director-General. 

As  to  the  salaries  these  ladies  ought  to  have,  I  leave  that  to 
your  judgment  and  consideration,  in  view  of  the  complicated 
developments  in  Washington,  but  I  ask  for  your  approval  of  my 
choice.  Respectfully  submitted, 

PHOEBE  COUZINS, 
Secretary  Board  of  Lady  Manager  A. 

In  order  to  take  proper  and  necessary  action  in  determining 
the  compensation  of  the  clerks  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  211 

inquire  into  the  clerical  duties  of  the  employes  of  the  office  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  this  commit- 
tee submitted  the  following  report: 

We,  your  committee  appointed  to  investigate  the  clerical 
force  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, most  respectfully  submit  the  following  report:  We  find  in 
said  office  two  assistants,  to  wit:  Mrs.  Bullene  and  Miss  Crocker. 
Mrs.  Bullene  states  that  she  is  employed  as  recording  and  filing 
clerk.  The  minute  book  could  not  be  seen,  as  the  minutes  were 
incomplete.  The  Secretary  stated  that  they  had  not  been 
recorded.  According  to  Mrs.  Bullene's  list,  there  were  113 
letters  on  file  and  not  more  than  fifty  more  to  be  placed  on  file. 
Mrs.  Bullene  entered  the  office  November  27,  1890. 

Miss  Crocker,  the  other  assistant,  stated  that  she  was  a  ste- 
nographer and  typewriter.  She  estimated  that  she  could  write  one 
hundred  words  per  minute.  She  writes  letters  and  preserves 
copies.  The  committee  asked  to  see  the  letters  and  copies.  Miss 
Couzins  stated  that  she  had  again  and  again  asked  for  a  letter- 
press, but  had  not  yet  been  able  to  obtain  one,  consequently  the 
extra  work  of  typewriting  copies.  The  Committee  asked  to  see 
the  copies  and  the  boxes  containing  copies  were  produced. 
Seven  copies  of  letters  were  found.  These  represented  406  let- 
ters sent.  Besides  this,  Miss  Crocker  had  sent  ninety-eight  let- 
ters to  Chicago  ladies,  giving  notice  of  meetings.  She  had  also, 
under  the  supervision  of  Miss  Couzins,  prepared  a  typewritten 
copy  of  minutes  of  the  meeting  of  the  Lady  Managers  held  in 
November.  Miss  Crocker  stated  that  she  could  easily  perform 
the  entire  clerical  work  of  that  office.  She  entered  the  office 
January  10,  1891.  Miss  Couzins  stated  she  had  been  unable  to 
obtain  any  supplies  whatever.  She  had  no  books  for  accounts, 
and  never  had;  that  she  had  obtained  a  record  book  only  by 
persistent  effort. 

The  President  stated  that  Miss  Couzins  had  a  requisition 
book  in  which  she  could  write  an  order  for  anything  needed  for 
the  proper  conduct  of  her  office,  and  the  order  would,  of  course, 
be  honored.  Miss  Couzins  had  been  asked  if  she  wanted  a  letter- 
press, but  she  replied  that  there  was  one  in  the  adjoining  room, 
and  she  could  use  that.  Miss  Couzins  had  obtained  such  books 
as  she  deemed  necessary  for  her  office,  the  bills  of  which  were 
duly  audited  and  paid. 

The  following  letters  were  read  to  the  Executive  Committee: 

MARCH,  1891. 

MY  DEAR  Miss  COUZINS:     I  am  glad  to  hear  such  encourag- 


212  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ing  reports  of  your  rapid  improvement.  Pray  do  not  feel  nervous 
about  getting  back  to  your  desk,  but  take  your  time  to  get  well. 
I  heard  that  you  had  finished  the  minutes  and  sent  them  to  be 
printed,  and  I  got  a  proof  which  I  have  partially  looked  over. 
As  I  find  there  are  serious  errors,  I  think  the  printing  should  be 
stopped.  Hoping  that  you  may  continue  to  gain  rapidly,  I  am, 
very  truly  yours, 

BERTHA  M.  H.  PALMER. 

[Extract  from  letter  to  Mrs.  Palmer  from  Miss  Couzins.} 

GRAND  PACIFIC  HOTEL,  CHICAGO,  March  15,  1891. 
I  have  just  gone  over  the  mass  of  confused  official  and  unoffi- 
cial debates  again  and  again,  trying  to  digest  the  material 
substance  and  eliminate  the  extraneous  matter,  and  I  do  not  under- 
stand what  you  mean  by  "serious  blunders,"  unless  you  have 
reference  to  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  By-Laws.  The  Com- 
mittee made  a  most  "  serious  blunder"  and  wholly  illegal  con- 
struction of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  if  that  is  what  you 
refer  to,  the  "blunder"  is  theirs,  not  mine.  You  will  remember 
that  just  as  you  were  leaving  for  New  York,  I  said  to  you  and 
Mrs.  Shepard  that  the  minutes  were  all  ready  for  printing,  and  that 
I  thought  after  the  proofs  were  all  ready,  and  I  had  them,  we 
had  better  come  together  again  and  review  them  carefully  before 
the  final  printing.  So  many  interruptions  occurred  that  I  did 
not  get  the  full  quota  from  the  printers  until  after  I  was  ill,  and 
I  have  not  yet  received  them,  nor  ordered  the  printer  to  go  ahead, 
so  that  whoever  informed  you  that  they  were  being  printed  and 
ought  to  be  stopped,  told  you  what  is  not  true  and  has  officiously 
intermeddled  in  what  does  not  concern  them  whatsoever.  *  * 
*  I  have  no  recollection  of  ever  assuming  to  act  in  my  office  on 
official  matters  without  conferring  with  and  deferring  to  you,  and 
in  this  I  proposed  to  let  things  stand  until  I  was  well  enough  to 
review  them  all  again  carefully  with  you. 

APRIL  13. 

MY  DEAR  MR.  HAYNES:  I  sent  you  a  line  yesterday  to  see 
me  at  the  hotel,  as  I  am  anxious  to  have  those  minutes  in  shape; 
and  it  was  my  purpose  to  send  the  proofs  to  St.  Louis,  but  upon 
consultation  with  the  Committee  who  were  appointed  to  revise 
with  me  the  minutes  (save  Mrs.  Thatcher),  I  have  concluded 
to  have  them  printed  here;  and  we  are  now  taking  steps  to 
have  them  paid  for  independently  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers. If  you  are  agreed  to  this  I  will  be  over  in  the  course  of 
an  hour  and  indicate  a  few  changes  in  the  proof  of  the  last  two 
or  three  days.  I  am  also  legally  advised  that  the  President  can 
not  control  the  minutes  of  the  Secretary,  especially  if  the  Com- 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  213 

mittee,  appointed  by  the  Board  at  its  last  session,  agree  with  the 
Secretary  as  to  the  correctness  and  revision,  which  a  majority 
do.  So,  please  print  nothing  save  by  my  order. 

Yours  truly, 

PHOEBE  W.  COUZINS, 
Secretary  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

WHEREAS,  Knowledge  having  come  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian 
Commission  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  has  taken  steps  to 
have  printed  the  alleged  minutes  of  the  November  session  of 
said  Board  of  Lady  Managers;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  real  and  true  minutes  of  the  November 
session  have  not  been  approved  by  the  proper  authority,  and  any 
attempt  to  print  and  circulate  incorrect  imnutes  is  in  our  opinion 
a  grave  breach  of  ordinary  usage,  and  a  serious  violation  of  the 
respect  due  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

At  the  afternoon  session  of  April  14,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  one  of 
the  members  of  the  Committee  of  three  appointed  to  revise  the 
minutes  of  the  session  held  in  November  last,  having  been 
requested  to  be  present,  stated  as  follows: 

I  saw  Miss  Couzins  a  week  or  two  before  the  holidays.  Miss 
Merrill  was  present  that  night  and  also  Dr.  Frances  Dickinson. 
As  I  understood  it,  Miss  Couzins  was  to  make  those  minutes  out 
in  good  shape,  and,  of  course,  submit  them  to  the  President  for 
approval. 

Mrs.  Mulligan  further  stated  that  she  had  not  had  a  proof  of 
Miss  Couzins'  minutes,  nor  had  ever  received  any  official  notifi- 
cation of  the  meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Revision.  At  the 
same  session  Mrs.  Thatcher  stated  to  the  Committee  that  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  appointed  to  revise  the  minutes,  she 
had  never  been  requested,  either  in  writing  or  verbally,  to  take 
action  on  the  minutes. 

In  consequence  of  the  above  recited  facts  at  the  afternoon 
session  of  the  Executive  Committee,  April  14,  the  following 
resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  The  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
of  the  Columbian  Commission  has  not  performed,  in  an  accepta- 
ble manner,  the  duties  of  her  office  ;  and 

WHEREAS,  Either  by  negligence  or  intention,  the  minutes  of 
the  November  session  have  been  grossly  distorted  ;  and 


214  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

WHEREAS,  She  has  taken  steps  to  have  printed,  at  the  expense 
of  some  party  or  parties  other  than  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
the  alleged  minutes  of  that  body,  not  yet  approved  by  the  Com- 
mittee appointed  at  the  November  session  of  the  Board  ;  and 

WHEREAS,  She  has  incurred  unnecessary  expense  in  conduct- 
ing the  business  of  her  office ;  and 

WHEREAS,  She  has,  in  response  to  a  request  for  a  report, 
transmitted  to  this  Committee  a  communication  disrespectful 
both  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  and  the  Columbian  Com- 
mission ;  and 

WHEREAS,  She  has  written  disrespectful  letters  to  and  con- 
cerning the  President  and  other  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers ;  and 

WHEREAS,  She  has  given  expression  through  the  public  press 
to  opinions  and  sentiments  that  tend  to  destroy,  in  public  esti- 
mation, the  dignity  and  standing  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  notify 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  that  charges  have 
been  preferred  against  her,  and  summon  her  to  appear  before 
the  Executive  Committee,  and  answer  said  charges,  at  1 1  o'clock 
to-morrow,  Wednesday,  April  15. 

Miss  Couzins  refused  to  receive  from  the  Committee  a  writ- 
ten copy  of  this  resolution,  requesting  her  to  appear  before  the 
Committee.  The  resolution  embodied  the  charges  to  which  she 
was  asked  to  make  a  reply. 

On  April  15,  at  the  morning  meeting  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, the  committee  appointed  to  wait  upon  Miss  Couzins 
reported  that  they  could  not  find  her  at  her  office  during  the 
afternoon  of  Tuesday,  April  14  ;  neither  had  they  found  her  at 
her  office  that  morning.  The  Committee  was  excused  from  the 
morning  meeting,  and  went  to  her  hotel  to  notify  Miss  Couzins 
that  charges  had  been  preferred  against  her,  and  summoned  her 
to  appear  before  the  Executive  Committee  at  12  M.,  the  original 
time  appointed  having  been  n  A.  M. 

CHICAGO,  Wednesday,  12  M.,  April  15,  1891. 
MRS.    POTTER   PALMER    AND    MEMBERS    OF    THE    EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE,  Board  of  Lady  Managers  World's  Columbian 
Commission: 

LADIES:  I  am  just  in  receipt  of  a  resolution,  without  date, 
requesting  me  to  appear  to-morrow  (Wednesday,  April  i5th), 
which  has  not  been  authenticated  by  the  President,  summoning 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  215 

me  before  the  Executive  Committee,  on  the  ground  that  charges 
are  to  be  preferred  against  me.  In  the  absence  of  any  knowl- 
edge as  to  the  definite  character  of  the  charges  to  be  preferred,  I 
must  refuse  to  appear.  Although  I  do  not  legally  recognize 
your  right  to  arraign  me  before  the  bar  of  your  Committee,  I  am 
most  heartily  willing  to  appear  and  answer  any  charges;  such 
charges  must,  however,  be  clearly  set  forth  in  writing  and  sent 
to  me  before  I  appear. 

A  supposed  criminal  has  the  right  to  know  before  appearing 
whether  he  or  she  is  arraigned  for  grand  larceny  or  murder,  and 
make  suitable  preparations  for  defense.  And  inasmuch  as  we 
are  a  body  organized  for  national  work  and  national  inspection 
of  our  proceedings,  this  examination  must  be  conducted  with 
open  doors. 

PHOEBE  W.  COUZINS, 
Secretary  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Miss  Couzins  not  appearing  at  12  o'clock,  the  time  was  again 
extended  to  3  p.  M.  The  above  message  having  been  received 
from  Miss  Couzins  at  3  o'clock,  and  she  herself  not  appearing,  a 
committee  was  instructed  to  again  wait  upon  her,  and  to  say: 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  relations  existing  between  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  and  members  of  that 
Board  are  so  strained  as  to  interfere  with  the  discharge  in  the 
best  manner  of  the  business  of  her  office,  and  in  order  to  promote 
the  harmony  that  it  is  imperative  should  exist  between  the  Lady 
Managers  and  its  officers  if  the  grand  work  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  is  to  be  carried  to  a  successful  issue — in  view  of  all 
this,  it  seems  to  us  desirable  that  you  should  resign  your  office. 
Very  possibly  we  should  agree,  upon  certain  conditions,  that  the 
resignation  should  take  effect  June  rst,  and  we  would  grant  you 
leave  of  absence  from  this  date.  We  have  reached  this  conclusion 
after  considering  several  charges  that  have  been  informally  made 
in  regard  to  you  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
and  your  method  of  conducting  the  business  of  the  office.  '  You 
have,  we  think,  incurred  unnecessary  expense  in  carrying  on  the 
business  of  your  office.  You  have  sent  to  this  Committee,  in 
response  to  a  request  for  a  report,  a  communication  that  is  disre- 
spectful to  President  and  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers. You  have  written  letters  to  and  concerning  the  members 
of  the  Board  that  tend  to  produce  discord  and  destroy  the  use- 
fulness of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Committee  reported  that  it  waited  upon  Miss  Couzins 
and  read  to  her  the  instruction  as  directed  by  the  Executive 


216  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

» 
Committee,  stating  distinctly  that  final  action  would  be  taken 

upon  the  matter  at  4.30  p.  M. 

No  attention  being  paid  by  Miss  Couzins  to  this  last  message, 
at  4.30  the  following  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  was  requested  and  notified  to  appear  before 
the  Executive  Committee  to  answer  complaints  of  misconduct 
and  neglect  of  duty  in  connection  with  said  office,  which  she  has 
failed  to  do,  and  said  Committee  being  satisfied  that  said  com- 
plaints are  well  founded,  and  that  the  public  business  intrusted 
to  said  Committee  and  Board  of  Lady  Managers  can  not  and 
will  not  be  properly  transacted  while  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins  con- 
tinues to  hold  said  office,  and  that  she  will  not  discharge  the 
duties  of  said  office  in  proper  cooperation  with  the  President  and 
other  members  of  said  Board;  be  it 

Resolved,  By  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  that  Miss  Phoebe  Couzins,  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers,  be  and  she  is  hereby  removed  from  said 
office. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  inform  Miss  Couzins  of  this 
action  reported  that  they  had  waited  upon  her  and  presented 
to  her  a  properly  attested  copy  of  the  resolution  removing  her 
from  office. 

The  above  embraces  the  formal  action  taken  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers.  It  seems 
desirable,  however,  to  add  the  following  in  further  explanation: 
At  the  November  session  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
Section  4  of  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Permanent 
Organization  was  amended  so  as  to  read:  "  That  the  Committee 
of  twenty-six  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President."  As  thus 
amended,  Section  4  was  at  variance  with  Section  3  as  already 
adopted,  and,  in  consequence  of  this  variation,  a  motion  was 
made  and  carried  to  reconsider  that  part  of  the  report  on  Per- 
manent Organization  which  referred  to  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee, which  reconsideration  nullified  the  vote  previously  taken 
upon  Sections  3  and  4,  which  sections  referred  to  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Executive  Committee.  The  minutes  as  printed  for  your 
convenience  from  day  to  day  do  not  note  this  fact.  A  substitute  that 
was  offered  was  made  the  special  order  for  n  o'clock  the  fol- 
owing  day,  at  which  time  a  motion  was  made  and  carried  that 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  217 

the  substitute  be  laid  upon  the  table,  as  it  was  stated  that  the 
Committee  on  By-Laws  was  ready  to  report,  and  that  its  report 
would  meet  the  question  under  discussion. 

The  Committee  on  By-Laws  had  prepared  a  type-written  copy 
of  the  By-Laws  it  had  agreed  upon.  The  type-writer  having  made 
a  mistake  in  copying  the  report,  and  there  being  no  time  to  have 
it  re-written,  correction  was  made  in  lead  pencil  by  the  Com- 
mittee. The  By-Laws  were  adopted  as  reported  and  so  printed 
in  the  minutes  that  were  issued  at  the  time.  Your  Secretary 
subsequently  repudiated  the  minutes  thus  prepared  by  herself  for 
the  alleged  reason  that  the  By-Laws,  as  reported  by  the  Commit- 
tee, were  in  part  written  in  lead  pencil.  In  doing  this  Miss 
Couzins  exceeded  her  authority,  which  is  confined  to  recording  the 
action  of  our  Board.  A  Secretary  has  no  authority  to  change  or 
revise  the  record  of  any  action,  as  she  did  in  the  minutes  referred 
to  in  her  letter  to  Mr.  Haynes  (given  above),  a  printer's  proof  of 
which  minutes  has  been  examined  by  the  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  and  found  to  contain  as  Article  V.  of  the  By- 
Laws  an  article  differing  radically  from  the  one  reported  to  and 
adopted  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  at  the  November 
session  of  1890.  This  spurious  article  in  the  printer's  proof 
made  Miss  Couzins,  as  Secretary,  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  This  spurious  Article  V.  in  the  printer's  proof  reads 
as  follows: 

There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  twenty- 
six  members,  of  whom  the  President  shall  be  one  and  ex-officio 
Chairman,  and  the  remaining  twenty-five  shall  be  as  follows: 
The  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the  twelve  Chair- 
men of  the  Standing  Committees,  and  the  twelve  appointed  by 
the  President.  The  said  Committee,  when  the  Board  is  not  in 
session,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers. Ten  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  and  the  Com- 
mittee may  make  such  regulations  for  its  own  government  and 
the  exercise  of  its  functions  through  the  medium  of  such  Sub- 
Committees  as  it  may  consider  expedient.  This  Committee  shall 
recommend  to  the  Commission  such  employes  and  agents  as  may 
be  necessary,  and  shall  distinctly  define  the  duties.  They  shall 
report  fully  all  their  transactions  to  the  Board  at  its  stated  and 
special  meetings.  In  case  of  any  vacancy  in  the  Committee  the 
same  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  of  the  President.  In  all  cases 


218  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

when  Managers  who  are  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
are  absent,  their  alternates  are  directed  to  represent  them  on 
that  Committee. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  is  entirely  different  from  the 
By-Law  that  was  adopted  and  it  is  also  entirely  different  from  the 
plan  contemplated  in  the  original  report  on  permanent  organi- 
zation. This  last-mentioned  report  proposed  that  each  of  the 
twelve  Standing  Committees  should  elect  one  of  their  number  to 
represent  it  on  the  Executive  Committee.  This,  of  course,  made 
it  impossible  for  an  Executive  Committee  to  exist  until  after  each 
of  the  Standing  Committees  had  been  appointed  and  had  met 
and  elected  one  of  their  own  number  to  represent  it  on  the 
Executive  Committee.  And  very  probably  the  delay  involved  in 
carrying  out  this  plan  was  the  immediate  reason  for  the  recon- 
sideration named  above. 

This  spurious  Article  V.  makes  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  ex-officio  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee 
and  also  names  the  Chairman  of  each  committee  as  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  a  plan  of  action  that  was  never  con- 
templated by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  so  far  as  its  action 
can  be  judged  from  the  stenographic  reports  of  the  November 
session. 

During  this  session  of  the  Executive  Committee  neither  the 
President  nor  Lady  Managers  have  been  permitted  to  have  access  to 
the  papers,  accounts,  and  records  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary,  as  it 
is  expressly  stated  they  may  have  in  Article  VIII.  of  our  By -Laws 
given  above. 

It  must  also  be  remembered  that  Miss  Couzins  sent  out  to  the 
members  of  the  Committees  on  Permanent  Organization  and 
on  By-Laws  and  to  many  other  Lady  Managers  a  printer's 
proof  of  the  spurious  By-Law,  referring  to  the  formation  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  asking  each  of  them  to  exercise  her 
individual  recollections,  thus  tending  to  confuse  both  the  memory 
and  the  mind  of  each  lady  to  whom  this  communication  was  sent, 
and  who  naturally  thought  it  genuine  and  indicating  the  action  of 
the  Board. 

We  desire  to  emphasize  the  fact,  that  in  all  that  we  have  done 
we  have  acted  under  and  by  the  authority  contained  in  the  By- 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  219 

Laws  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  last  November. 
We  have  not  found  it  necessary  nor  desirable  to  appeal  to  the 
authority  given  by  the  Columbian  Commission  in  the  Article 
given  herein. 

We  think,  therefore,  it  must  be  clear  to  all  of  you,  our  friends 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  that  the  business  of  our  Board 
and  the  great  National  and  International  interests  which  it  repre- 
sents can  not  be  conducted  either  with  success,  dispatch,  or 
dignity,  while  the  Secretary  maintained  so  antagonistic  and  dis- 
respectful a  position  toward  our  President  and  various  members 
of  our  Board.  We  are  told  that  the  Secretary  claims  that  her 
position  is  co-equal  with  that  of  the  President.  It  will  be  con- 
ceded that  there  can  be  but  one  executive  head  in  any  well- 
ordered  organization.  Time  does  not  suffice,  nor  could  we,  if 
we  would,  convey  to  you  any  adequate  impression  of  the  hin- 
drances and  annoyances  which  this  state  of  affairs  creates  at  our 
headquarters.  The  removal  of  Miss  Couzins  from  her  office  has 
not  been  prompted  by  any  spirit  of  malice  or  unkindness — in 
proof  of  which  we  would  remind  you  that  it  was  suggested  to 
her  that  she  send  in  her  resignation,  to  take  effect  on  June  ist, 
and  that  we  would  grant  her  leave  of  absence  from  April  i5th. 
This  would  have  allowed  her  ample  time  to  close  her  official  rela- 
tions as  Secretary  and  to  determine  her  future  course,  while  her 
salary  would  have  been  continued  for  six  weeks  after  her  active 
duties  ceased. 

No  one  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  can  regret  more 
keenly  than  do  the  members  severally  of  your  Executive  Com- 
mittee, the  conditions  which  have  rendered  this  action  expedi- 
ent— we  might  truly  say  imperative.  We  desire  further  to  em- 
phasize the  fact  that  this  conclusion  was  reached  in  perfect 
harmony,  and  the  action  taken  was  unanimous.  We  hope  that 
this  full  and  candid  statement  of  the  facts  may  lead  you  to  a 
cordial  approval  of  our  action,  and  that  we  shall,  as  a  Board 
unite  our  efforts  with  an  enthusiasm  that  will  secure  the  grandest 
results  possible  in  the  inspiring  work  we  are  endeavoring  to  pro- 
mote. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

SUSAN    GALE   COOKE, 
15  Secretary  Executive   Committee. 


220  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  consider  and  report  upon  the 
classification  adopted  by  the  Commission  struggled  heroically 
with  a  very  complicated  and  delicate  task.  The  classification 
embraces  almost  one  thousand  classes  and  many  of  these  are 
capable  of  division  into  more  than  a  hundred  sub-classes. 
Only  a  close  analysis  will  reveal  even  approximately  the  number 
of  committees  required  in  any  group.  It  will  readily  be  seen 
that  only  the  most  painstaking  study,  broad  comprehension  and 
close  inquiry  can  compass  a  classification  that  will  equitably 
divide  the  work  to  be  done  by  the  committees.  The  report  of 
this  Committee  was  honored  with  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks.  Its 
length  and  peculiar  character  prevents  its  being  given  in  this 
report. 

The  subject  of  State  work  was  considered  by  several  sub- 
committees. No  other  subject  is  so  perennially  fresh  and  absorb- 
ing. There  was  an  urgent  demand  from  all  sections  for  some 
formulated  plan,  both  in  order  to  secure  uniformity  in  effort  and 
also  as  a  starting  point  for  energy.  The  result  of  the  discussions 
and  deliberations  were  embodied  in  circulars  that  were  promptly 
sent  to  each  member  of  the  Board. 

Further  transactions  of  the  Executive  Committee  are  indi- 
cated by  the  following  resolutions: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
in  the  absence  of  the  full  Board  or  its  Executive  Committee,  be 
empowered  to  increase,  reduce,  or  change  the  clerical  force 
employed  in  the  offices  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  as  the 
necessities  of  the  case  seem  to  demand. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  be  authorized  to  appoint  a 
committee  of  four  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  and 
the  President  who  shall  superintend  the  furnishing  of  the 
Women's  Building,  and  would  respectfully  suggest  that  an 
invitation  be  extended  to  Miss  Hayden  to  make  suggestions  to 
the  ladies  in  the  decorations  and  furnishing.  No  additional 
compensation  other  than  that  already  fixed  shall  be  allowed  for 
services  in  this  connection. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  consisting  of  the  President  and 
four  other  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  be  appointed, 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  221 

who  shall  assign  the  space  in  the  Woman's  Building  to  associ- 
ations, exhibitors,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the  committee  of  the 
Commission  on  Music  and  Musical  Artists. 

Resolved,  That  we  take  some  action  in  regard  to  defining  the 
duties  of  the  standing  committees,  also  in  regard  to  asking  the 
Director-General  to  report,  from  time  to  time,  in  which  of  the 
classifications  we  are  likely  to  be  asked  to  furnish  members  of 
the^committees  on  awards. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  be  requested  to  secure  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  how  women,  who  wish  to  be  exhibitors,  can 
secure  space,  and  that  the  Secretary  prepare  a  statement  to  be 
given  to  the  public,  embodying  this  information. 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  recommend  to  the 
proper  authorities  the  appointment  of  one  lady  for  the  British 
Isles,  two  for  the  Continent  of  Europe,  and  two  for  the  Oriental 
countries,  who  shall  be  agents  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
and  who  shall  solicit  exhibits,  and  in  all  proper  manner  promote 
the  interests  of  the  Woman's  Department  of  the  Exposition; 
whose  traveling  expenses  and  salary  shall  be  fixed  by  the  proper 
authorities.  All  agents  shall  be  required  to  report  to  the 
President,  weekly,  the  progress  they  are  making,  so  as  to 
determine  the  length  of  time  they  are  to  be  continued.  Lady 
members  of  the  Board  who  are  traveling  abroad  shall  be 
requested  to  assist  the  agents  by  furnishing  them  with  infor- 
mation. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  pro  tem.  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  be,  and  is  hereby  instructed  to  prepare  immediately 
for  the  printer  the  minutes  of  the  November  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  submit  the  same  to  the  committee 
consisting  of  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  and  Dr.  Frances 
Dickinson,  appointed  by  the  Board  to  approve  said  minutes. 

Resolved,  further,  That  after  obtaining  the  approval  of  proper 
committee  before  referred  to,  the  minutes  of  the  November 
meeting  be  immediately  printed  and  mailed  to  the  members  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


222  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  instructed  to  address  .to  the  several  foreign 
governments  a  communication  inviting  them  to  appoint  a  com- 
mission of  ladies  to  co-operate  with  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  in  order  to  secure 
a  full  representative  exhibit  of  woman's  work  from  each  of  said 
countries.  That  said  committee  confer  with  the  Honorable 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  and  solicit  his  aid  in 
promoting  the  objects  hereby  sought. 

Resolved,  The  President  shall  appoint  the  first  member  of 
the  Working  Committee  to  a  term  of  six  weeks;  the  second  mem- 
ber for  four  weeks;  the  third  member  for  two  weeks.  Any 
member  may,  at  the  request  of  the  President,  serve  two  or  more 
consecutive  terms;  these  terms  of  service  may,  with  the  consent 
of  the  President,  be  varied  to  suit  the  convenience  of  members. 

WHEREAS,  The  great  work  we  have  in  hand  is  of  a  truly 
philanthropic  nature,  tending  to  the  highest  development  of 
noblest  womanhood;  and 

WHEREAS,  It  is  desirable  that  the  women  of  limited  oppor- 
tunity should  be  enabled  so  far  as  possible  to  profit  by  this  great 
exposition  of  woman's  work  throughout  the  world;  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee,  while  advising  the 
admission  only  of  most  creditable  work  for  exhibit,  would  earn- 
estly advise  that  every  effort  be  made  to  interest  all  bread-win- 
ning women,  whether  in  domestic,  trade,  or  professional  life,  and 
will  do  all  in  its  power  to  enable  them  to  attend  the  Columbian 
Exposition  at  the  least  possible  expense  to  themselves. 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee,  through  the  Presi- 
dent, ask  the  co-operation  of  the  working-women  of  the  country, 
and  further  that  we  make  a  special  request  to  the  women  of  the 
Knights  of  Labor  organizations  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  the 
work. 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  recommend  to  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  the  compilation  of  a  souvenir  guide- 
book to  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

WHEREAS,  It  is  very  desirable  that  the  offices  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  be  conducted  on  strictly  business  principles; 
and 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  223 

WHEREAS,  It  is  inexpedient  to  employ,  in  a  subordinate 
capacity,  any  member  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers;  there- 
fore, be  it 

Resolved,  That  no  member  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
be  employed  as  clerk,  stenographer,  etc.,  in  the  President's  and 
Secretary's  offices.  This  action  to  take  effect  July  i,  1891. 

Resolved,  That  the  Chair  be,  and  is  hereby  requested  to  name 
a  committee  of  three  (besides  herself)  to  consider  and  recom- 
mend applications  to  represent  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  in 
foreign  countries,  to  be  acted  upon  in  case  of  favorable  reply 
from  the  Foreign  Affairs  Bureau  when  it  shall  have  been  organ- 
ized. 

In  compliance  with  your  instructions,  at  the  November  ses- 
sion, Mrs.  Cantrill  was  appointed  to  have  especial  charge  in  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  interest  of  colored  women. 

Mr.  Greiner  presented  a  flag  made  by  General  Sheridans' 
mother,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven,  which  was  accepted  and 
ordered  to  be  displayed  in  the  Woman's  Building  during  the 
Exposition. 

The  President  was  authorized  to  have  designed  and  made 
an  official  seal  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers.  She  was  also 
requested  to  ascertain  whether  or  not  the  Board  will  be  allowed 
to  designate  by  any  device  the  "  articles  that  are  in  whole  or  in 
part  produced  by  female  labor."  She  was  also  requested  to  use 
such  means  as  she  thought  adequate  to  secure  from  all  trans- 
portation companies  a  special  concession  of  rates  for  those 
women  engaged  in  the  arts  and  industries  who  may  desire  to 
visit  the  Columbian  Exposition,  in  order  to  study  the  general 
progress  in  the  arts  and  industries  in  which  they  are  severally 

engaged. 

VIRGINIA  C.  MEREDITH, 

Vice-Chairman  Executive  Committee. 

Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  moved  that  the  report  be  printed  and 
given  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Motion  seconded. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  as  a  substitute  that  the 
consideration  of  this  very  important  report  be  postponed  until 


224  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

such  time  as  printed  copies  may  be  in  the  hands  of  every  mem- 
ber of  the  Board. 

Motion  seconded. 

Mrs.  Meredith  moved  as  a  substitute  to  Mrs.  Barker's  motion, 
that  this  report  be  laid  on  the  table. 

Mrs.  Barker  accepted  the  substitute. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed,  and  carried. 

The  Chair  called  for  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Finance, 
and  also  from  the  Committee  appointed  to  approve  the  minutes 
of  the  November  session. 

The  Chairmen  of  these  Committees  asked  for  continuance  of 
time,  which  was  granted. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  in  order  to  signalize  the  completion  of  the 
Woman's  Building,  we  request  our  President  to  drive  the  last  nail 
in  that  Building;  and  further,  that  she  invite  such  working 
women  or  organizations  of  Chicago,  as  she  desires,  to  witness 
this  event. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal. 

Mrs.  Allen,  Oregon,  moved  to  amend  by  omitting  the  words, 
"of  Chicago." 

Miss  Ford  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution  as 
amended  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  moved  that  State  work  be  made  a  special 
order  for  the  next  morning,  after  the  regular  order  of  business, 
and  that  the  States  be  called  alphabetically. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Cantrill,  and  carried. 

The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Brayton,  South  Carolina,  a 
committee  of  one  to  draft  resolutions  in  memory  of  Mrs.  Mary 
Preston  Darby,  South  Carolina,  deceased. 

The  following  announcement  was  then  read: 

Mr.  Phillipson  regrets  that  the  inclement  weather  prevented 
the  ladies  from  visiting  the  Exposition  in  Miniature,  yesterday, 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  225 

but  will  be  pleased  to  receive  them  this  evening,  at  the  hour  most 
agreeable  to  them.     Ladies  are  requested  to  wear  their  badges. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  seconded  by  Mrs. 
Ryan,  Texas,  the  invitation  was  accepted  for  8  o'clock  p.  M. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  reconsideration  be  taken  on  the  vote  which 
was  given  this  morning,  on  the  hour  of  meeting  in  the  after- 
noon. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  moved  that  we  meet  promptly  at 
10  o'clock,  adjourn  at  half-past  12,  and  meet  again  at  2  P.M.,  to 
adjourn  at  5  o'clock,  until  such  time  as  the  committees  are  in  a 
condition  to  do  active  work. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York. 

Mrs.  Barker  moved  as  a  substitute  that  we  meet  at  10  A.  M. 
and  at  2  p.  M.,  and  leave  the  hour  at  which  we  adjourn  to  the  wis- 
dom of  the  meeting. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  By-Law  10  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
By-Laws,  Rules  and  Regulations,  to  be  reported  back  in  such 
form  as  to  be  in  harmony  with  the  suggestions  made  by  Mrs. 
Palmer  in  her  address,  as  to  classification. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ashley,  Colorado,  and  adopted. 

On  request  of  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  the  names 
of  members  of  the  Committee  on  By-Laws  were  read. 

The  Chair  then  appointed  Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin,  temporary 
Chairman  of  that  committee,  in  place  of  Mrs.  Darby,  deceased; 
and  also  appointed  Mrs.  Bradwell,  Chicago,  and  Miss  Dailey, 
Rhode  Island,  to  act  as  additional  members  of  said  committee. 


226  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  in  the  record  of  the  proceedings  of  each  day, 
no  notice  be  taken  of  motions  that  have  been  withdrawn. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland,  and  adopted. 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  10  A.  M.,  Friday,  Septem- 
ber 5th. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  227 

OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board   of  Lady   Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session. — Third  Day,  Friday,  September  4, 1891. 

The  Board  convened  at  10  A.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin. 
ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal;  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Cantrill;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Bagley;  New  York,  Miss  Ford;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton;  Califor- 
nia, Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson,  Mrs  Ash- 
ley; Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Ball, 
Mrs.  Torbert,  alternate;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Mrs.  Beck;  Georgia, 
Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Straughan;  Illinois, 
Mrs.  Gould,  alternate;  Mrs.  Phillips,  alternate;  Indiana, 
Mrs.  Meredith,  Miss  Ball,  alternate;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clark,  Miss 
Miller;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss 
Faulkner,  Miss  Payne;  Louisiana,  Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare; 
Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Stevens;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs. 
Thomson;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Frost,  Miss  Sears,  alternate; 


228  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Brown, 
Mrs.  Winston,  alternate;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  Stone; 
Missouri,  Mrs.  Moore,  alternate;  Montana,  Mrs.  Rickards;  Ne- 
braska, Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Russell, 
Mrs.  Foley,  alternate;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall; 
New  Jersey,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Stevens;  New  York,  Mrs. 
Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs.  Price;  North 
Dakota,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart, 
Mrs.  Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Payton;  Pennsyl- 
vania, Miss  McCandless,  Mrs.  Lucas;  Rhode  Island,  MissDailey; 
South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham,  alternate; 
South  Dakota,  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs. 
Cooke,  Mrs.  Mason,  alternate;  Texas,  Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Coch- 
ran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler,  Mrs.  Cochrane,  alternate;  Vir- 
ginia, Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul;  Washington,  Mrs.  Houghton;  West 
Virginia,  Mrs.  Linch,  Miss  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty, 
Mrs.  Lynde;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma,  Mrs.  Beeson, 
Mrs.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh,  alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Bradwell,  Mrs.  Carse;  Mrs.  Shattuck,  Mrs.  Chetlain,  alternates. 

The  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  was  read  and  approved. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  express  our  appreciation  and  thanks  for  the 
very  able  addresses  on  the  question  of  Sunday  closing,  which 
we  were  permitted  to  hear  in  connection  with  the  Commission 
yesterday. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  and  adopted. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  229 

The  following  communication  was  read: 

CHICAGO,  September  3,  1891. 

MRS.  BERTHA  M.  H.  PALMER,  President  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

DEAR  MADAM:  Thinking  that  you  would  like  to  know  how 
many  applicants  have  failed  to  answer  to  the  question  in  regard 
to  the  employment  of  female  labor  in  their  exhibits,  I  have  had 
them  counted,  and  find  that  only  thirty-six  have  failed  to  reply. 
If  you  wish  to  get  up  a  circular  calling  the  attention  of 
applicants  for  space  to  the  importance  of  answering  this  ques- 
tion, I  shall  take  pleasure  in  seeing  that  every  delinquent  is 
furnished  with  a  copy. 

Very  respectfully, 

JOSEPH  HIRST, 
Secretary  of  Installation. 

A  letter  was  then  read  from  J.  B.  Campbell,  President  and 
General  Manager  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  Illustrated, 
requesting  permission  to  take  a  photographic  view  of  the  Board 
while  in  session. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  moved  that  the  Board  accept  this 
invitation,  but  decline  all  future  offers  of  a  similar  nature. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  and  carried. 

The  Chair  called  for  reports  from  the  different  committees. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Finance  asked  for  a  con- 
tinuance of  time,  which  was  granted. 

REPORT   OF    THE    COMMITTEE   ON    REVISION  OF  THE  MINUTES 
OF  THE  NOVEMBER,  1890,  SESSION. 

The  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  at  their  session  held  Wednes- 
day, November  26,  1890,  adopted  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  appoint  a  Committee  of  three, 
who,  with  the  Secretary,  will  examine  the  minutes,  correct  and 
verify  them. 

In  accordance  with  this  resolution,  the  following  Committee 
was  appointed:  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Dr.  Dickinson,  and  Mrs.  Mul- 
ligan. 


230  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

One  or  two  informal  meetings  were  held  to  go  over  the  mass 
of  material  which  formed  the  record  of  our  November  session 
At  the  first  full  meeting  of  that  Committee,  held  the  middle  of 
the  following  December,  they  carefully  examined  copies  of  the 
minutes  as  printed  daily  during  the  session  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  making  such  corrections  as  they  deemed  necessary  to 
express  clearly  the  action  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Secretary  was  then  instructed  by  the  Committee  to 
prepare  a  copy  of  the  minutes  as  corrected,  and  submit  to  the 
President,  who  would  then  notify  the  Revision  Committee. 

Such  copy  was  never,  I  am  informed,  submitted  to  the  Presi- 
dent for  approval,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  never 
received  any  notification  to  call  that  Committee  together  to 
approve  the  minutes  as  prepared  by  Secretary  Couzins  for 
publication. 

Our  Committee  learned  that  Secretary  Couzins  was  preparing 
to  have  published  the  minutes  of  the  November  session  without 
submitting  such  minutes  to  the  Committee  appointed  by  this 
Board  to  approve  and  verify  them. 

In  May,  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  to  approve  minutes  was  called  together  by  Secretary 
Mrs.  Cooke  to  examine  the  minutes  of  the  November  session  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  as  prepared  by  her  for  publication, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  Committee  appointed  for  that  purpose 
by  the  Executive  Committee. 

Two  of  the  Committee  of  three  were  present,  the  Chairman 
and  Mrs.  Mulligan.  The  minutes  were  prepared  in  accordance 
with  the  rules  adopted  by  the  Commission. 

After  a  careful  comparison  of  the  minutes  prepared  by  Secre- 
tary Mrs.  Cooke  and  the  Committee,  with  the  full  stenographic 
report,  our  Committee  submitted  the  following  report,  which  was 
printed  on  the  fly-leaf  of  the  approved  official  minutes. 

"  Attest: 

We,  the  undersigned,  members  of  said  Committee,  do  hereby 
certify  that  we  have  carefully  examined  the  minutes  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  November  session,  1890,  of  the  Board  of  Lady 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  231 

Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  and  that  the 
following  is  a  correct  copy  thereof. 

I  MRS.  SOLOMON  THATCHER,  JR., 
Committee,  •)  Chairman. 

(  MRS.  JAMES  A.  MULLIGAN. 
Attest : 

BERTHA  M.  H.  PALMER,  President. 
CHICAGO,  May  9,  1891." 

Respectfully  submitted, 

MRS.  SOLOMON  THATCHER,  JR., 
MARION  A.  MULLIGAN. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Paul,  Virginia,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Deane, 
California,  the  report  was  accepted. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  that  the  official  report  of 
the  Executive  Committee  be  printed  for  distribution. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  and  carried. 

Miss  Ives,  Connecticut,  presented  the  following  report  of  the 
Committee  on  By-Laws  : 

We,  your  Committee  on  By-Laws,  met  and  re-organized, 
and  after  careful  consideration  of  Article  X.,  which  reads  as 
follows  : 

"Amendments  shall  only  be  made  by  two-thirds  vote  of  the 
Board  preseht;  and  all  propositions  to  alter  or  amend  shall  be 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Rules,  By-Laws  and  Regulations, 
and  be  by  it  considered  before  any  final  action  thereon  by  this 
Board." 

We,  your  Committee,  consent  and  empower  this  Board  to 
make  any  changes  that  may  seem  to  them  desirable  in  con- 
formity with  the  general  classification. 

(Signed)         MRS.  W.  P.  LYNDE, 
MRS.  THATCHER, 
Miss  IVES, 
MRS.  BRIGGS, 
MRS.  CANTRILL, 
MRS.  HOUGHTON, 
Miss  DAILEY, 
MRS.  BRADWELL. 


232  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Miss  Ives  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  as  a  substitute  that  the  report 
be  received,  but  consideration  thereof  postponed. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  and  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  offered  Mr.  Thorp  for  his  beautiful  present  of  flowers. 

The  Chair  requested  Mrs.  Lucas  to  convey  the  thanks  of  the 
Board  to  Mr.  Thorp. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  moved  the  thanks  of  the  Board  to 
our  President,  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  for  the  charming  reception 
given  on  the  evening  of  September  2,  1891. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas,  and  carried  by  a  rising 
vote. 

Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas,  moved  that  we  provide  a  couple  of 
easy  chairs  for  the  comfort  and  use  of  two  elderly  ladies  of  the 
Board. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  and  carried. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Cantrill, 
Kentucky: 

Resolved,  That  each  member  of  this  Board  make  earnest 
search  in  her  respective  State,  District,  or  Territory,  for  all  news- 
papers and  other  periodicals  edited  in  whole  or  in  part  by  women, 
and  make  early  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers.  Same  to  be  entered  on  a  file  to  be  known  as  the 
Press. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  seconded  by  Mrs. 
Verdenal,  New  York,  this  was  referred  to  the  Press  Committee. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  State  reports  be  printed,  not  only  in  the 
minutes,  but  that  a  liberal  supply  of  extra  slips  be  printed  for 
distribution  among  the  members  of  the  Board,  for  use  in  the 
Legislatures  of  their  several  States. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  and  adopted. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  233 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Ginty, 
Wisconsin: 

Jtesolved,  That  the  courtesies  of  this  body  be  extended  to  the 
ladies  of  the  various  State  Boards  present. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  moved  that  all  votes  of  thanks 
for  everything  given  or  done  for  us  be  postponed  until  the  end 
of  our  session,  and  then  we  can  give  one  united  vote  of  thanks. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  asked  that  this  motion 
be  laid  on  the  table,  for  the  reason  that  she  had  a  special  vote  of 
thanks  to  present,  and  desired  to  be  made  an  exception. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas. 

Mrs.  Trautmann  amended  her  motion,  making  an  exception 
of  Mrs.  Logan,  and  the  motion  as  amended  was  carried. 

The  Chair  announced  that  the  special  order  of  business  was 
the  reports  on  State  work.  The  States  were  then  called  alpha- 
betically, and  their  reports  presented.  (See  appendix.) 

At  the  usual  hour  the  Board  adjourned  to  2  p.  m. 


The  Board  re-assembled  at  2  p.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

The  following  communication  was  read: 

AUDITORIUM  HOTEL,  Chicago,  111.,  September  4,  1891. 
To  Mrs.    POTTER    PALMER,   President    of   tJie  Board  of  Lady 

Managers  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.     Present. 

DEAR  MADAM:  As  your  Board  have  already  honored  the 
cause  of  the  Sabbath  observance  by  yesterday  attending  its 
presentation  before  the  Columbian  Commission,  we  do  not  feel 
justified  in  asking  you,  amid  the  pressure  upon  you  of  so  many 
other  important  duties,  to  give  more  of  your  valuable  time  to 
listen  to  a  separate  advocacy  of  the  holy,  glorious,  and  blessed 
subject. 


234  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

We,  therefore,  beg  leave  to  waive  another  hearing  before 
your  Honorable  Body. 

At  the  same  time,  we  respectfully  and  earnestly  request  that 
your  Honorable  Body  will  use  your  vast  influence  in  the  Board 
of  Directors  and  in  the  National  Commission  to  secure  the 
effectual  closing  of  the  gates  of  the  great  fair  on  Sunday,  in 
order  that  the  Commandment  and  the  day  of  our  Heavenly 
Father  may  be  honored  by  this  nation  and  the  stranger  that  may 
visit  us,  and  the  Sabbath  Day  be  kept  holy,  and  thus  America 
may  set  a  good  example  to  other  nations,  and  the  blessing  of 
God  may  be  consistently  invoked  upon  all  your  efforts  to  render 
the  Exposition  the  grandest  that  has  ever  taken  place. 

The  spiritual  benefits  to  flow  from  the  Exposition  should 
not  be  lost  sight  of  in  the  struggle  to  secure  the  material,  and  it 
is  in  the  power  of  the  ladies  to  aid  in  elevating  the  character  of 
the  whole  enterprise  by  uniting  it  in  all  things  to  the  reverential 
and  happy  obedience  of  the  laws  of  the  glorious  God  and 
Father  of  our  Lord  and  Savior  Jesus  Christ. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be  and  remain,  your  most  obedient 
and  humble  servants, 

ELLIOTT  F.  SHEPARD, 
JOHN  P.  NEWMAN,  Bishop  M.  E.  Church. 
ROBERT  S.  MACARTHUR,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
SYLVESTER  F.  SCOVEL,  LL.  D., 

President  Wooster  University,  Ohio. 
ALEXANDER  S.  BACON,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
HARRISON  E.  WEBSTER, 

President  Union  University,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
WM.  J.  R.  TAYLOR,  D.  D.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Committee   of  the  American   Sabbath    Union  and   Other   Friends 
,  of  the  Sabbath. 

The  various  reports  on  State  work  occupied  the  remainder  of 
the  afternoon  session.  (See  appendix.) 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  10  A.  M.,  Saturday, 
September  6th. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  235 

OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session.  — Fourth  Day,  Saturday,  Sept.  5,  1891. 

The  Board  was  called  to  order  at  10  A.  M.,  Mrs.  President 
Palmer  presiding. 

Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin,  led  in  the  Lord's  Prayer. 

ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS- AT-LARGE.  —  New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal ;  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood  ;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Bagley  ;  New  York,  Miss  Ford  ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate ;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton ; 
California,  Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane ;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson, 
Mrs.  Ashley ;  Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker ;  Delaware, 
Mrs.  Ball,  Mrs.  Torbert,  alternate ;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss 
Beck ;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead  ;  Idaho,  Mrs. 
Straughan ;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate ; 
Indiana,  Mrs.  Meredith,  Miss  Ball,  alternate  ;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clark, 
Miss  Miller ;  Kansas,  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback  ;  Kentucky, 
Miss  Faulkner,  Miss  Payne ;  Louisiana,  Miss  Minor,  Miss 
Shakspeare ;  Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Stevens ;  Maryland, 

16 


236  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs.  Thomson  ;  Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Frost,  Miss 
Sears,  alternate  ;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell ;  Minnesota, 
Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs.  Winston,  alternate  ;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs. 
Stone  ;  Missouri,  Mrs.  Moore,  alternate  ;  Montana,  Mrs.  Rickards ; 
Nebraska,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy  ;  Nevada,  Miss  Russell, 
Mrs.  Foley ;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall ;  New 
Jersey,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Stevens  ;  New  York,  Mrs.  Trautmann •, 
North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs.  Price  ;  North  Dakota,  Mrs. 
McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell ;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence ; 
Oregon,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Payton  ;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  McCandless, 
Mrs.  Lucas  ;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey ; 
South  Carolina,  Mrs.  Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham  ;  South  Dakota, 
Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker  ;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Cooke,  Mrs.  Mason, 
alternate  ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Cochran  ;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler,  Mrs. 
Cochrane,  alternate  ;  Virginia,  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs..  Paul ;  Washington, 
Mrs.  Owings,  Mrs.  Houghton  ;  West  Virginia,  Mrs.  Linch,  Miss 
Jackson  ;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde  ;  Wyoming,  Mrs. 
Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell  ;  Mew  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett ;  Oklahoma, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles ;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  —  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Bradwell,  Mrs.  Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse  ;  Mrs.  Shattuck,  alternate. 

The  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  was  read  and  approved. 

The  following  communication  was  presented  : 

To   the   Board  of   Lady   Managers  of   the    World's    Columbian 

Commission  : 
LADIES  :     We   are   making  a  flag  to   be  presented  to  your 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  237 

Honorable  Body,  at  the  opening  of  the  Columbian  Exposition, 
the  same  to  be  made  by  the  ladies,  and  manufactured  from  the 
silk  of  the  United  States. 

We  desire  that  the  flag  shall  have  no  lettering  on  it ;  but 
there  will  be  attached  a  streamer  bearing  the  name  of  each 
lady  commissioner,  and  the  State  represented  by  her. 

We  ask  that  you  join  with  the  gentlemen  commissioners, 
before  the  opening  of  the  Fair  in  1892,  and  place  this  flag  upon 
the  staff  which  we  are  making  from  pieces  of  historical  wood 
furnished  by  each  commissioner,  who  will  join  with  your  Honor- 
able Body  after  the  Fair,  in  presenting  it  to  the  United  States 
as  the  standard  flag  of  America  and  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  and  we  ask  that  it  be  carried  at  the  head  of  the 
procession  in  October,  1892. 

We  also  desire  to  print  on  silk,  in  book  form,  the  biography 
of  each  lady  commissioner,  with  her  portrait  and  autograph,  also 
the  history  of  the  flag,  all  of  which  will  be  presented  with  the 
flag. 

We  desire  that  each  lady  commissioner  will  furnish  us  a  cut 
of  her  portrait,  her  biography,  and  autograph,  so  that  we  can 
have  them  printed  in  the  manner  above  stated. 

We  ask  not  a  dollar  from  your  Honorable  Body.  We  do  this 
in  harmony  with  the  object  and  best  interests  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition. 

Very  respectfully, 

GEORGE  S.  KNAPP,  and 
J.  W.  EDWARDS. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  accept  the  kind 
offer  of  these  patriotic  gentlemen,  tendering  to  the  ladies  a  flag 
and  inviting  them  to  furnish  autographs  and  biographies,  and,  as 
many  as  may,  cuts,  in  order  that  the  memorial  may  be  as  inter- 
esting as  possible. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  adopted. 

A  very  interesting  and  suggestive  letter  from  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Gillespie,  General  Directress  of  the  Woman's  Department  at 
the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Exposition,  was  then  read. 


238  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  we  take  special  action  on  the  admirable 
letter  of  Mrs.  E.  D.  Gillespie,  and  express  our  appreciation  of  its 
valuable  suggestions  and  sympathy  with  our  mutual  work,  in  a 
vote  of  thanks  and  special  letter. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  and  adopted. 

The  following  telegram  was  also  read  : 
[Copy.] 
NEW  YORK,  September  3,  1891. 

MRS.  POTTER  PALMER:  Irish  Committee  have  authorized  me 
to  make  arrangements  for  Irish  Women's  exhibit.  Shall  I  be 
able  to  see  you  and  other  ladies  at  Chicago,  beginning  of 
November  ?  Am  here  until  Saturday,  and  next  address^  Windsor 
Hotel,  Montreal. 

LADY  ABERDEEN, 

Plaza  Hotel,  New  York. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  read  a  letter  from  President 
Thomas  W.  Palmer,  in  reply  to  her  request  to  extend  the  time  of 
the  present  session  of  the  Board. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mrs.  Alexander 
Thomson,  Maryland: 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  request  the  permission  of  the  Com- 
mission to  extend  the  time  of  their  meeting  until  their  important 
business  is  finished. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  we  ask  permission  of  the  Commissioners  to 
extend  the  time  of  our  session  one  or  two  days,  if  necessary,  to 
finish  our  work. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  announced  that  the  special  order  of  business  was 
the  continuance  of  the  reports  on  State  work. 

The  ladies  from  the  remaining  States,  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, the  Territories,  and  the  city  of  Chicago,  then  made  their 
reports.  (See  appendix). 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  239 

Mrs  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  desire  to  express 
with  emphasis  their  appreciation  and  grateful  thanks  to  the 
Washington  Post,  owned  and  edited  by  the  Hons.  Beriah  Wilkins 
and  Frank  Hatton,  for  their  effective  and  incessant  work  in  the 
interest  of  the  Columbian  Commission,  and  the  work  of  the 
Woman's  Department,  especially.  Their  columns  have  been 
open  at  all  times  for  everything  that  any  one  wished  to  publish  in 
behalf  of  the  World's  Fair,  to  which  have  always  been  added  their 
personal  efforts  and  appeals;  all  of  which  is  hereby  acknowl- 
edged with  gratitude. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Albright,  New  Mexico,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  thank  most  heartily  the  press  of  the 
whole  country  for  their  friendly  advocacy  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission,  and  the  Woman's  Department  especially. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  ladies  of  the  various  State  Boards  present 
give  a  report  of  their  efforts. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal,  and  adopted. 

The  following  communication  was  received  and  read: 

CHICAGO,  111.,  September  7,  1891. 

MRS.    POTTER   PALMER,    President   Board   of   Lady   Managers, 
World's  Columbian  Commission. 

DEAR  MRS.  PALMER:  I  am  directed  by  the  World's  Columbian 
Commission  to  inform  you  that  the  Commission  has  this  day 
granted  the  request  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  to  extend 
the  time  of  their  session  for  two  days. 

With  great  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JNO.  T.  DICKINSON, 

Secretary. 

The  Board  then  adjourned  to  2  p.  M. 


240  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Board  re-assembled  at  2  P.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

The  Chair  called  for  reports  from  members  of  State  Boards 
who  were  present. 

Reports  were  then  presented  by  Mrs.  Edwards,  Kansas  City, 
Mo.;  Mrs.  Clark,  Warrensburg;  Mrs.  Ballantine  and  Mrs.  Alice 
Bradford  Wiles  of  Illinois;  Mrs.  Pond,  Michigan;  Mrs.  Winans, 
Wisconsin. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  North  American  Review, 
requesting  the  ladies  to  sign  blanks  which  would  entitle  them 
to  have  World's  Fair  literature  published  in  that  journal. 

Mrs.  Mitchell,  Kansas,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  memorial  setting  forth  the  importance  of 
woman's  work  in  the  interest  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  and 
urging  the  appointment  of  women  (including  the  Lady  Mana- 
gers) upon  the  several  State  Boards,  be  sent  by  this  body  to  the 
President  of  the  various  State  organizations,  without  delay;  and 
to  the  Governors  of  those  States  who  have  not  as  yet  taken 
action. 

Seconded  by  Miss  McCandless,  and  adopted. 
Miss   Cunningham,    South    Carolina,    offered   the   following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Classification  consider  the 
propriety  of  forming  a  committee  on  colonial  affairs,  consisting 
of  one  Lady  Manager  from  each  of  the  thirteen  original  States, 
with  a  view  to  a  special  colonial  display. 

The  Chair  suggested  to  amend  by  adding  that  it  be  referred 
to  the  Classification  Committee  hereafter  to  be  appointed. 

Miss  Cunningham  accepted  the  amendment. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Linch,  and  the  resolution  as  amended  was 
adopted. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  all  irrelevant  matter  be  eliminated  from  the 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  241 

State  reports  before  they  are  incorporated  in  a  circular  to  be  sent 
out  to  the  States,  and  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  prepare 
them  for  print. 

The  Chair  inquired  Mrs.  Barker's  opinion  as  to  the  number  of 
said  committee. 

Mrs.  Barker  suggested  a  committee  of  three. 

The  resolution,  as  amended,  was  seconded  by  Mrs.  Reed, 
and  adopted. 

The  Chair  then  appointed  Mrs.  Barker,  Mrs.  Ball,  Mrs. 
Mitchell  to  serve  on  this  committee. 

Mrs.  Allen,  Oregon,  offered  the  following  preamble  and  reso- 
lution: 

WHEREAS,  The  Committee  on  State  Work  recommended  that 
there  be  organized  in  the  various  States  World's  Fair  literary 
clubs  for  the  study  of  American  history,  and  such  of  the  arts  and 
sciences  as  will  lead  to  a  better  understanding  of  the  inventions, 
products,  etc.,  which  will  be  on  exhibition  at  the  World's  Fair; 
and 

WHEREAS,  It  is  thought  desirable  that  a  course  of  study  be 
recommended  to  those  who  ask  for  guidance  in  the  matter;  and 

WHEREAS,  Said  course  of  study  should  be  ready  for  use  by 
the  first  of  the  coming  October;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle 
have  selected  their  course  of  study  for  American  year  (1891-92) 
with  great  care,  laying  unusual  emphasis  on  American  subjects, 
on  account  of  the  interest  which  the  approaching  Columbian 
celebration  has  aroused;  and 

WHEREAS,  Said  Chautauqua  Circle  has  expressed  a  willing- 
ness to  add  to  the  course  of  reading  for  the  year  (1892-93)  a  vol- 
ume descriptive  of  the  World's  Fair  and  all  its  departments; 
and 

WHEREAS,  By  co-operating  with  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and 
Scientific  Circle  we  will  be  able  to  bring  our  World's  Fair  mat- 
ters not  only  before  our  World's  Fair  clubs,  but  also  before  the 
fifty  thousand  Chautauqua  students;  and 


242  Board  of  Lady  Managers 

WHEREAS,  Many  people  will  be  benefitted  by  being  brought 
into  a  permanent  club,  where,  possibly,  they  may  continue  to  be 
students  even  after  the  World's  Fair  becomes  a  thing  of  the  past; 
therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we  recommend  to  our  World's  Fair  literary 
clubs  the  course  of  study  used  by  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and 
Scientific  Circle. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse,  and  adopted  by  a  vote  of  22  for,  and 
14  against,  the  resolution. 

The  Chair  stated  that  this  proposition  was  suggestive  and  not 
binding  on  any  State. 

Mrs.  Torbert,  Delaware,  offered  the  following  preamble  and 
resolution: 

WHEREAS,  It  is  essentially  necessary  that  all  available  and 
proper  methods  should  be  devised  and  utilized  to  arouse  interest 
among,  and  secure  the  earnest  and  cordial  co-operation  of  all 
classes  of  our  people,  in  each  of  the  several  features  of  the  work 
of  this  Board,  so  that  equal  opportunities  to  participate  should 
be  afforded  to  all,  and  discrimination  be  made  against 
none;  and  to  the  end  that  such  methods  shall  be  adopted  in  this 
behalf  as  will  be  likely  to  produce  the  most  substantial  and  satis- 
factory results  and  best  promote  the  interests  to  be  subserved; 
therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be,  and  is  hereby 
directed,  without  delay,  to  communicate  with  the  Boards  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  of  the  several  States,  asking  the  recom- 
mendation and  suggestion  of  each,  as  to  the  most  available 
methods  to  be  employed  in  their  respective  States,  and  when 
these  suggestions  and  recommendations  shall  have  been  received, 
the  said  Executive  Committee  shall  thereupon  determine  upon, 
adopt,  and  inaugurate  such  agencies  as  shall  be  deemed  most 
judicious  in  the  light  of  such  suggestions  and  recommendations. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ashley. 

On- motion  of  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker, 
Connecticut,  the  resolution  of  Mrs.  Torbert  was  referred  to  a 
standing  committee  hereafter  to  be  appointed. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  243 

Mrs.  Lucas  moved  that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  in 
accordance  with  the  adopted  resolution  of  Mrs.  Mitchell. 
Seconded  by  Miss  McCandless,  and  carried. 
The  Chair  appointed  the  following  ladies  to  serve  on  said 
Committee:     Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Lucas,  Mrs.  Carse. 

Mrs.  Lynde  then  presented  the  following  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  By-Laws: 

The  Committee  on  Rules,  By-Laws,  and  Regulations  have 
had  under  consideration  the  resolution  of  Mrs.  Barker,  South 
Dakota,  as  to  the  expediency  of  amending  the  rule  fixing  the 
standing  committees  of  this  body,  found  on  page  thirty-eight  of 
the  Approved  Official  Minutes,  and  beg  leave  to  report  as 
follows: 

That  the  said  rule  and  classification  be  stricken  out  and  the 
following  be  inserted  in  lieu  thereof: 

"  There  shall  be  a  system  of  classification  adapted  to  the  needs 
of  women,  and  standing  committees  be  appointed  in  conformity 
therewith." 

(Signed)      MRS.  LYNDE. 

MRS.  THATCHER. 
Miss  IVES. 
MRS.  BRIGGS. 
MRS.  CANTRILL. 
MRS.  HOUGHTON. 
Miss  DAILEY. 
MRS.  BRADWELL. 

Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas,  moved  the  adoption  of  this  report. 

After  some  discussion  regarding  classification,  Mrs.  Deane, 
California,  moved  the  previous  question,  which  was  the  adoption 
of  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  By-Laws. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  carried. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  Colonel  Elliott  F. 
Shepard,  of  New  York  City,  who  made  a  short  address  on  the 
subject  of  closing  the  Exposition  on  Sunday. 


244  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  then  stated  that  on  the  2ist  day 
of  last  November  she  offered  a  resolution  found  on  page  thirty- 
two  of  the  Official  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 
which  read  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  voice  of  this  Woman's  Board  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  that  the  honor  of  the  American 
Sunday  shall  be  preserved  by  the  closing  of  the  Exposition  for 
barter  and  exchange  on  that  day." 

Mrs.  Lucas  also  added  that  this  resolution,  not  having  been 
adopted  at  the  November  session,  she  now  wished  to  offer  it 
again,  striking  out  the  words  "  for  barter  and  exchange." 

The  resolution  as  amended  read  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  voice  of  this  Woman's  Board  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  that  the  honor  of  the  American 
Sunday  shall  be  preserved  by  the  closing  of  the  Exposition  on 
that  day. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  Miss  Frances  E.  Wil- 
lard  and  Bishop  Fowler,  of  California,  both  of  whom  addressed 
the  Board  on  the  question  under  consideration. 

Mrs.  Carse  offered  a  petition  from  members  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  and  of  churches  in  almost  every 
State  in  the  country,  from  India,  and  from  South  America, 
numbering  10,000  names. 

An  animated  and  earnest  discussion  of  the  subject  was  held. 

The  Chair  then  stated  that  the  question  recurred  on  Mrs. 
Lucas'  resolution. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  the  previous  question. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Albright. 

The  previous  question  being  moved  and  seconded  by  not  less 
than  ten  Lady  Managers,  the  question  from  the  Chair  then  was  : 
"  Shall  the  main  question  be  now  put  ? "  Whereupon  Mrs.  Carse 
called  for  the  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  call  being  sustained  by  not 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  245 

less  than  five  Lady  Managers,  the  roll  was  called  upon  the  adop- 
tion of  the  resolution  of  Mrs.  Lucas,  and  the  said  resolution  was 
adopted  by  the  following  vote: 

YEAS — Mrs.  Lockwood,  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs.  Wilkins,  Mrs. 
Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton,  Miss  Smith,  Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Ashley,  Mrs. 
Ball,  Mrs.  Torbert,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss  Beck,  Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olm- 
stead,  Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Meredith,  Miss  Miller,  Mrs.  Mitchell, 
Mrs.  Hanback,  Miss  Faulkner,  Miss  Payne,  Miss  Minor,  Miss 
Shakspeare,  Mrs.  Burleigh,  Mrs.  Stevens,  Mrs.  Frost,  Mrs. 
Howes,  Mrs.  Angell,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  Stone,  Mrs.  Rickard, 
Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy,  Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs. 
McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence,  Mrs. 
Allen,  Mrs.  Payton,  Miss  McCandless,  Mrs.  Lucas,  Miss  Cun- 
ningham, Mrs.  Brayton,  Mrs.  Barker,  Mrs.  Mason,  Mrs.  Cochran, 
Mrs.  Cochrane,  Mrs.  Paul,  Mrs.  Miles,  Mrs.  Thatcher,  Mrs. 
Wallace,  Mrs.  Bradwell,  Mrs.  Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse. 

NAYS — Mrs.  Verdenal,  Mrs.  Cantrill,  Mrs.  Bagley,  Mrs. 
Ryan,  Mrs.  Deane,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker,  Mrs.  Gould,  Miss 
Ball,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs.  Thomson,  Miss  Sears,  Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs. 
Moore,  Mrs.  Hall,  Mrs.  Foley,  Mrs.  Busselle,  Mrs.  Smith,  Mrs. 
Trautmann,  Miss  Dailey,  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Cooke,  Mrs. 
Chandler,  Mrs.  Owings,  Mrs.  Houghton,  Mrs.  Linch,  Mrs. 
Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss  Lovell,  Mrs.  Bartlett, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh,  Mrs.  Shattuck,  Dr. 
Dickinson. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  the  report  of  the 
Executive  Committee  was  made  the  special  order  of  business  for 
10.30  A.  M.,  Monday,  September  yth. 

The  Board  then  adjourned  to  10  A.  M.,  Monday,  September  ;th. 


246  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board  of  Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session. — Fifth  Day,  Monday,  Sept.  7,  1891. 

The  Board  convened  pursuant  to  adjournment,  at  10  A.  M., 
Mrs.  President  Palmer  presiding. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Payton,  Oregon. 

ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE.  —  New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal  ;  Ken- 
tucky, Mrs.  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood  ; 
Michigan,  Mrs.  Bagley ;  New  York,  Miss  Ford  ;  Texas,  Mrs. 
Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES.  —  Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate  ;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton  ;  Cali- 
fornia, Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane  ;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson,  Mrs. 
Ashley,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker ;  Delaware,  Mrs.  Ball,  Mrs. 
Torbert,  alternate  ;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss  Beck  ;  Georgia, 
Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead  ;  Idaho,  Mrs.  Straughan  ;  Illinois, 
Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate  ;  Indiana,  Mrs.  Meredith, 
Miss  Ball  ;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clark,  Miss  Miller ;  Kansas,  Mrs. 
Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback  ;  Kentucky,  Miss  Faulkner,  Miss  Payne; 
Louisiana,  Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare  ;  Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh, 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  247 

Mrs.  Stevens ;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs.  Thomson  ;  Massa- 
chusetts, Mrs.  Frost,  Miss  Sears,  alternate  ;  Michigan,  Mrs. 
Howes,  Mrs.  Angell ;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs.  Winston, 
alternate ;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  Stone  ;  Missouri,  Miss 
Couzins  ;  Montana,'Mrs.  Rickards  ;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs. 
Langworthy  ;  Nevada,  Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Foley,  alternate  ;  New 
Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall ;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Busselle, 
Mrs.  Stevens ;  New  York,  Mrs.  Trautmann  ;  North  Carolina, 
Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs.  Price;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
McConnell ;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence  ;  Oregon,  Mrs. 
Allen,  Mrs.  Payton  ;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  McCandless,  Mrs. 
Lucas  ;  Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey  ;  South 
Carolina,  Mrs.  Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham,  alternate ;  South 
Dakota,  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker  ;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Cooke  ; 
Texas,  Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Cochran  ;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler, 
Mrs.  Cochrane,  alternate ;  Virginia,  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul ; 
Washington,  Mrs.  Owings,  Mrs.  Houghton  ;  West  Virginia,  Mrs. 
Linch,  Miss  Jackson  ;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde ; 
Wyoming,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell  ;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett ;  Oklahoma, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles ;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  —  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Bradwell,  Mrs.  Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse  ;  Mrs.  Shattuck,  alternate. 

The  Journal  of  September  5th  was  read,  and  approved. 

By  unanimous  consent,  the  regular  order  of  business  was 
suspended  for  Mrs.  Brayton,  South  Carolina,  to  present  the 


248  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

following  memorial  in  memory  of  Mrs.   Mary  Preston  Darby, 
South  Carolina,  deceased  : 

WHEREAS,  The  dread  messenger,  death,  on  the  i8th  day  of 
January,  1891,  entered  this  Board  and  called  hence  our  valued 
and  beloved  friend,  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  of  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  whom  we  lately  saw  in  the  full  vigor  of  health, 
with  a  zeal  for  the  cause  in  which  we  are  engaged  that  gave 
promise  of  the  highest  usefulness  ;  and, 

WHEREAS,  Under  this  dispensation  of  Providence,  it  is  due 
that  we  should  reverently  pause  in  our  proceedings  to  heed  the 
admonitions  which  this  first  and  unlocked  for  bereavement  sug- 
gest ;  and  appropriate  that  we  should  give  expression  to  our 
grief  and  appreciation  of  those  traits  of  charactar  which  endeared 
her  to  us,  and  marked  her  as  one  who  would  be  a  prominent  and 
most  efficient  co-worker  in  our  undertaking  ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we  deeply  mourn  the  death  of  our  esteemed 
associate  and  dear  friend,  Mary  Preston  Darby,  and  will  cherish 
her  memory. 

Resolved,  That  in  our  short  official  intercourse  we  were 
impressed  with  the  rare  mental,  moral,  and  social  characteristics 
which  distinguished  her,  and  recalling  her  endowments  and  the 
energy  and  zeal  evinced  in  our  work,  we  feel  our  body  has 
suffered  a  very  great  loss. 

Resolved,  That  we  bear  loving  testimony  to  our  appreciation 
of  the  truly  noble  way  in  which  she  met  adversity,  and,  though 
known  to  us  as  one  who  had  possessed  every  advantage  of 
station  and  fortune,  with  acquired  accomplishments  supple- 
menting those  inherited,  we  feel  that  she  dignified  womanhood 
by  the  way  in  which  she  trod  the  road  from  affluence  to  penury. 
Our  knowledge  of  her  trials,  her  uncomplaining  and  even  joyous 
disposition,  her  pronounced  interest  in  public  works  and  char- 
ities, not  less  than  her  active  sympathy  and  helpfulness  for  the 
needy,  sick,  and  friendless,  and  the  marked  magnanimity  and 
independence  of  her  nature  invoke  our  admiration  and  insure 
for  her  memory  an  abiding  place  in  our  hearts. 

Resolved,  That  this  tribute  to  the  memory  of  our  departed 
colleague  and  friend  be  inscribed  on  our  minutes,  and  a  copy, 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  249 

signed    by    the    President    and    attested  by  the   Secretary,  be 
transmitted  to  her  afflicted  children. 

Mrs.  Meredith  moved  that  we  accept,  without  debate,  this 
memorial  as  a  suitable  expression  from  the  Board. 

Seconded,  and  unanimously  carried. 

Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
By-Laws,  of  which  Mrs.  Darby  was  a  member,  stated  that  the 
Committee  indorsed  the  memorial. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  presented  the  following  memorial 
in  honor  of  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby: 

As  one  robin  tells  that  winter  goes  and  spring  comes;  one 
stroke  to  attuned  ears,  the  master's  touch;  one  harmonious 
strain  the  promise  of  the  complete  symphony;  one  smile  of  light 
that  the  storm  is  spent  and  calm  pronounces  her  benediction; 
one  blush  of  the  morning  that  darkness  dies  and  light  lives;  so, 
inferentially,  we  may  reason  that  in  times  of  great  moment,  a 
human  being  may,  by  word  or  deed,  do  what  may  faithfully 
index  both  the  strength  and  fibre  of  the  man  or  woman. 

We  lay  claim,  therefore,  to  especial  consideration  for  the 
memory  of  the  late  Mrs.  Mary  Preston  Darby,  of  South  Carolina, 
in  that  she  did  both — gave  a  broad,  pacific  sentiment  to  our 
Board,  and  verified  it  a  little  later  by  an  equally  magnanimous 
deed. 

At  our  last  November  meeting,  while  brain  was  alert,  feeling 
high,  and  nerve  a-quiver,  a  voice  was  heard  from  a  position  afar 
off,  saying,  "  Let  us  vote  politics  out  in  choosing  our  representa- 
tive officers."  Is  that  flag  of  truce  commonly  found  fluttering 
above  similar  voting  and  deliberative  bodies  ? 

Again,  showing  that  she  lived  what  she  uttered,  she  put  in 
nomination  for  the  second  position  of  dignity  and  trust  on  our 
honorable  Board,  the  widow  of  a  distinguished  General,  who, 
under  the  painful  exigencies  of  war,  deemed  it  necessary  to  lay 
waste  her  country  and  quarter  his  troops  in  her  own  home. 
Thus  her  handsome  fortune  and  her  lares  et  penates,  so 
particularly  dear  to  the  woman's  heart,  were  swept  away. 


250  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Who  could  have  been  more  .noble  than  this?  If  the  sons  of 
South  Carolina,  under  their  convictions  of  right,  fired  an  historic 
gun  so  often  and  so  sadly  repeated  till  all  the  nations  mourned 
is  it  not  retributive  justice,  that  after  thirty  years,  in  the  first 
national  body  of  women  ever  assembled  by  governmental  sanc- 
tion, a  daughter  of  South  Carolina  should  strike  the  first  note  in 
the  great  paean  of  peace? 

We  are  pleased  to  bear  personal  witness  that  an  alert  instinct 
and  discriminating  judgment,  that  too  often  punctures  the  bubble 
to  find  the  substance  gone,  that  rigidly  defines  the  delicate  shad- 
ings  between  the  mere  acquaintance  and  the  true  friend,  found 
in  many  subsequent  confidential  talks  that  she  did  nothing  for 
effect,  but  everything  from  deep  and  sincere  conviction. 

Any  woman  on  this  Board — which  must  become  historic  for 
its  brilliancy  and  should  become  even  more  illustrious  for  its 
lofty  aims,  noble  purposes,  and  indestructible  union — knowing  her 
as  I  came  to  know  her  in  an  all  too  brief  time,  must  have  felt 
honored,  as  I  did,  to  admit  her  into  the  Holy  of  the  Holies  which 
every  soul  keeps  somewhere  secretly  guarded  by  the  twin  angels, 
Love  and  Truth;  and  ask  that  her  name  be  written  in  jewels 
upon  the  sacred  archives. 

If  credentials  were  demanded  upon  the  threshold,  the 
winged  heralds  of  Intuition  and  Reason  might  advance  and  pro- 
claim so  all  the  nations  might  hear,  and  shout  till  the  heavens 
echoed  and  repeated  to  worlds  beyond  the  range  of  vision  and 
the  flight  of  thought,  "the  highest  man  or  woman  could  present; 
her  vigilance  never  sleeps;  her  intelligence  has  mellowed  into 
wisdom;  her  love  has  burst  the  boundaries  of  self,  and  grown 
till  it  shadows  her  country  and  humanity;  she  can  be  trusted, 
therefore,  upon  the  most  perilous  out-posts  of  duty  as  well  as  in 
the  most  secret  councils  of  the  nation;  and  the  doves,  weary  with 
their  fruitless  journeyings  over  the  deluge  of  discord,  have  found 
her  at  last  and  crowned  her  with  the  olive  of  peace." 

None  knew  better  than  she  how  stood  the  women  of  her 
section,  so  unexpectedly  called  forth  and  anxious  to  keep  step, 
yea,  even  in  the  advance  guard,  with  the  great  march  of  progress 
and  compete  with  organized  talent,  re-enforced  by  States  and 
individuals  with  such  plethoric  purses  that  would  seem  to  ears 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  251 

so  long  unaccustomed  to  the  click  of  coffered  treasures  like  a 
story  of  the  wonderful  Magi — a  dream  from  Persia,  or  the  spicy 
land  of  Araby  the  Blest. 

Yet  none  knew  better  than  she,  that  could  we  again  and  here 
embody  our  ideals  in  speech  and  action  before  this  body  and  the 
world,  and  follow  them  by  a  consistent  conduct  and  convince 
many  who  know  us  not,  that  holding  the  loftiest  conceptions  and 
awaiting  only  occasion  to  reduce  them  to  deed,  we  will  tolerate 
no  patronage,  but  demand  peerage,  and  will  accept  none  other 
even  from  the  wisest,  truest,  and  best  in  this  or  any  other  land 
we  would  have  done  very  much  for  the  unification  of  a  people 
and  the  ultimate  good  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and 
for  the  good  of  America  itself. 

Once  being  able  to  convince  you  of  this  and  granted  this 
entering  wedge,  we  are  willing  to  rest  this  matter,  knowing  that 
you  and  we  shall  have  raised  an  invisible  ladder,  other  than  that 
of  the  old  patriarch;  and  in  the  gold  of  day  or  the  soft  sheen  of 
night,  we  have  only  to  watch  the  angels  ascend  and  descend  on 
their  loving  ministry  to  all  states,  all  races,  and  all  peoples. 

And  further,  we  know  that  after  this  great  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  wisely  conducted,  as  it  is  being  done,  is  over,  we  had 
but  to  glance  from  a  refreshed  earth  to  a  prophetic  heaven,  to 
see  all  the  prismatic  colors  of  a  new  rainbow  dissolve  into 
celestial  tints  and  shadings,  so  indescribably  opaline  one  may 
become  so  lost  in  rapture  as  to  become  unconscious  of  where 
color  dies  and  dreams  and  vision  begin. 

In  her  name  and  ours,  we  beg  that  should  one  from  our 
country  now  or  ever  come  among  you,  who  does  not  bear  the 
marks  I  have  here  presented,  you  may  know  she  is  not  our  utter- 
ance, but  is  the  spurious  coin;  and  we  are  no  more  responsible 
than  are  the  mints  for  the  counterfeits  that  catch  an  honest 
public. 

But,  Madam  President,  these  latter  remarks  may  be  deemed 
unnecessary,  but  I  think  may  be  allowed  for  emphasis,  since  in 
lifting  you  as  our  ideal  from  the  first,  and  holding  you  firmly  on 
the  aegis  of  our  hearts,  till  all  this  Board,  in  the  long  ago,  and 
all  the  world  is  fast  recognizing,  and  we  ourselves  in  a  greater 
or  less  degree  begin  to  realize  that  our  highest  embodied 
17 


252  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

dreams  are  shared  alike  by  the  best  thought  and  feeling  every- 
where; that  the  ladder  has  already  been  stretched  and  we  have 
only  to  look  to  see  and  feel  the  tender  ministry  of  healing  angels. 

From  a  youth  that  had  known  luxury  and  ease,  from  princely 
possessions,  possibly  nowhere  exceeded  and  rarely  equaled  in 
this  country,  and  in  no  foreign  land  except  among  the  favored 
few,  she  became  in  her  latter  years  a  practical  bread-winner, 
and  of  that  class  which  in  responsibility  and  influence  equals  the 
clergy;  and  fitly  a  teacher. 

To  her  honor  be  it  said  that  she  accepted  the  situation 
grandly,  honored  her  work  by  doing  it  well,  and  it  honored  her 
by  giving  back  in  part  that  for  which  she  labored. 

Though  speaking  many  tongues,  she  had  best  learned  the 
universal  language  of  justice,  mercy,  and  magnanimity. 

Again,  she  has  yet  another  claim  to  our  hearty  respect  and 
commendation.  Though  educated  and  traveled,  a  long  resi- 
dent in  foreign  lands,  she  was  not  that  nameless  monstrosity — 
an  alienated  American.  To  such  a  nature  naturally  belongs 
loyal  allegiance  to  a  country  and  people  where  all  women  should 
be  queens  by  right  of  chivalry,  and  all  men  kings  by  right  of 
sovereignty. 

But  nature  makes  no  mistakes;  to  the  intensely  believing 
there  are  no  accidents.  Life  is  a  training  school — graded  it  may 
be— and  when  the  lesson  is  once  learned,  advancement  becomes 
imperative,  because  of  the  economy  and  justice  of  the  natural 
law  of  evolution. 

Let  us  who  admit  in  death  no  victor,  but  an  emancipator,  an 
iconoclast  of  matter  only  that  spirit  may  rise  triumphant,  though 
in  an  unseen  world,  which  only  that  peculiarly  feminine  organ 
of  the  higher  vision — faith — can  yet  penetrate,  say  not  with 
bated  breath  with  the  stolid  agnostic,  "  She  is  dead;  "  but  rather 
with  the  hope-illumined  Christian,  "  She  is  not  dead,"  no  more 
than  truth,  love,  and  goodness  shall  ever  die.  These  character- 
istics we  have  faithfully  pictured  and  presented,  stamp  the 
woman.  She  has  already  learned  what  all  of  us  must  before  our 
earthly  journey  is  over,  and  no  soul  could  have  more  fitly  joined 
m  that  exquisite  lyric  of  the  angels  : 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  253 

' '  Love  is  the  sunlight  of  peace, 
Age  by  age  to  increase, 
Till  anger  and  hatred  are  dead, 
And  sorrow  and  death  shall  cease. 
'Peace  on  earth,  and  good-will,' 
Souls  that  are  gentle  and  still, 
Catch  the  first  music  of  this 
Far  off  infinite  bliss." 

Here  and  to-day,  would  it  not  be  well  for  us  to  build  in  our 
tributes  to  her  memory  a  noble  and  imperishable  monument, 
choosing,  as  is  most  natural  in  eclectic  Americanism,  the  fitting 
and  beautiful  in  this  and  other  lands  ? 

In  so  doing,  let  us  observe  the  sacredly  mystic  Trinity,  select- 
ing first  the  weeping  willow  bending  its  whole  sympathetic  body 
to  the  earth  to  symbolize  our  sorrow  that  she  walks  no  more 
among  us;  again*  the  palmetto  of  her  own  beloved  State,  which 
through  all  the  seasons  and  all  the  ages  shall  wave  its  plumy 
foliage  to  speak  her  victory  over  sin  and  death;  and  last,  let  us 
transplant  from  the  shifting  sands  of  Arabia  the  noble  Lom- 
bard poplar,  whose  unyielding  trunk,  all  its  symmetrical  branches, 
and  every  quivering  leaf  point  upward  to  God  and  Heaven. 

And  shall  we  not  raise  an  imperishable  tablet  as  well  ? 

For  a  moment  let  us  turn  our  eyes  toward  where  she  rests, 
lulled  by  the  perpetual  requiem  of  old  ocean;  glance  downward 
to  a  single  spot  in  a  sister  State  somewhere  in  her  beloved  South. 
There  amid  perpetual  bloom  and  the  love-songs  of  birds  lies 
one  who  went,  as  was  her  wish,  in  the  budding,  scented  promise 
of  the  spring-time.  So  perfected  in  mind,  heart,  and  body,  she 
was  the  doubly  crowned  queen  of  the  hearts  of  men  and  women; 
yet,  she  was  the  bride  only  of  heaven.  It  was  said  of  her  that 
disease  touched  her  not;  that  the  angels  grew  envious  and  took 
her  away. 

Above  her  snowy  casket,  sheeted  with  maiden  ferns,  the 
rested  doves  came  and  sprinkled  valley-lilies;  and  one,  more 
tenderly  persistent  than  the  rest,  lifted  one  spray  into  his  beak 
and  lingered,  fluttering  above  her  heart  to  chime  the  song  of 
the  bird,  the  flower,  and  of  womanhood: 

"Bear  a  lily  in  thy  hand, 
Gates  of  brass  can  not  withstand 
One  touch  of  thy  magic  hand." 


264  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  breast  of  this  real  dove  who  clung  fitly  to  the  dove- 
maiden,  shadowed  a  sentence  so  far  as  we  know  never  used  in 
Gentile  America  before;  yet  it  was  borrowed  from  that  poetic 
thought  and  speech  of  a  people  beside  whose  history  all  records 
of  the  earth  pale — a  people  who,  through  all  their  errors  and 
wanderings  in  their  darkest  history,  were  kept  steady  and  cou- 
rageous through  the  doubt  of  day  and  the  despair  of  night  by  the 
Visible-Illumined  Presence  of  God;  yet  a  hunted  and  despised 
race  in  almost  every  land  and  every  clime  except  in  our  own  match- 
less country,  which  from  its  birth  of  freedom  and  baptism  of 
blood  and  fire,  has  welcomed  at  its  wide  open  doors  honest, 
conscientious  persistence  and  tireless  thrift,  and  spread  before 
them  for  choice  her  teeming  cities,  the  rich  treasure-store,  and 
unpreSmpted  acres  of  her  forbidding  yet  inspiring  mountains 
and  inviting  valleys.  So  from  Israel  we  borrow  and  inscribe 
upon  our  tablet  only  this: 

MARY   PRESTON   DARBY   RECEIVED   THE  "  Kiss  OF  GOD," 
January  Twentieth,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Ninety-one. 
Bend   you  every  ear  to  the  vocal  silence;   the  south  wind 
breathes  a  fragrant  whisper;  the  swaying   grasses  of    the  far 
western  prairies  nod  their  understanding  and  acceptance,  and  bid 
their   mountains  echo  the  message  to  the  hoarse  pines  of  the 
north — the  last  interprets  the  wordless  song  above  the  ceaseless 
din  of  her  teeming  millions. 

Let  humility  bend  low  and  expectancy  raise  her  dull  eye  and 
open  her  glad  ear;  a  glorious  celestial  quartette  is  interpreting 
this  prayer  of  nature  and  prophetic  hope  of  men;  there  is  the 
basso-profundo  of  man  and  the  answering  contralto  of  woman — 
the  religious  twins  of  song;  the  pleading  and  pathetic  appeals 
of  the  tenor,  soothed  and  uplighted  by  the  responsive,  glorified 
soprano — the  love  twins  of  earthly  passion  and  heavenly  long- 
ing. This  is  wRat  we  hear: 

"  Peace  beginning  to  be, 
Deep  as  the  blue  of  the  sea 
When  stars  their  faces  glass 
On  the  blue  tranquillity; 
Hearts  of  men  upon  earth 
Never  once  still  from  their  birth, 
To  rest  as  the  wild  waters  rest, 
\Vith  the  colors  of  heaven  on  their  breast." 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  255 

Give  ear;  the  music  of  speech  and  voice  is  dying  in  the  arms 
of  the  music  of  silence — the  tenor  and  soprano  only  are  heard; 
in  the  duet  there  is  a  change  again,  but  no  dissolution;  the 
desires  of  earth  find  blissful  rebirth  in  heavenly  reunion.  There 
is  a  solo — 'tis  the  soprano: 

"  Peace  be  unto  you. 

My  peace  I  leave  with  you 
Even  unto  the  end." 

A  new  day  is  born;  our  sombre  badge  of  sorrow  is  lightened 
by  the  roseate  veil  of  hopeful  love;  we  must  turn  from  this 
hallowed  ground  to  the  commonplace  duties  of  life,  where  we 
must  linger  to  work  and  wait,  to  reduce  theory  to  practice, 
undying  faith  to  noble  deeds;  to  sow  generously  now,  that  those 
who  come  after  may  reap  an  unstinted  harvest  of  plenteous 
good. 

Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  presented  the  following 
memorial  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Darby: 

There  is  a  touch  of  pathos  in  doing  even  the  simplest  thing 
for  the  last  time;  and  how  inexpressibly  tender  are  our  hearts,  as 
we  touch  upon  the  memory  of  her  who  was  with  us,  bright  and 
happy,  one  short  year  ago.  There  is  cause  for  sorrow,  but  not 
for  mourning,  that  she  has  passed  on  to  the  beyond;  her  life, 
perhaps,  had  not  formed  so  large  a  circle  of  experience,  of  glory 
or  of  greatness  as  many,  but  few  lives  have  been  more  pure  and 
perfect,  according  to  their  measure,  than  was  hers;  faithful  and 
true  in  her  loves,  generous,  loving  and  just  to  her  friends,  loyal, 
steadfast  and  devoted  to  her  convictions,  I  think  it  can  be 
fairly  said  her  life  was  a  successful  one;  and  not  many  can  close 
their  eyes  with  less  cause  for  remorse  or  more  pleasant  things  to 
remember  than  she.  Many  are  in  some  degree  better  and 
stronger  because  of  her,  and  not  one,  living  or  dead,  is  worse  or 
weaker  for  her  having  lived.  Thus,  with  kindly  thoughts  and 
grateful,  loving  memory,  let  us  bid  this  friend  and  sister  an 
affectionate  good-bye,  and  rekindling  the  flame  of  childhood's 
faith  by  its  light  and  warmth,  clearly  see  and  feel  the  hope  that 
surely  somewhere,  under  clear  skies  and  bright  sunshine,  we  shall 
receive  her  kindly  greeting  and  look  again  into  her  welcoming 
eyes. 


266  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

And  now,  in  behalf  of  the  great  Northwest,  I  am  proud  to 
bring  this  tribute  and  drop  it  into  thechaplet  that  wreathes  itself, 
fresh  and  pure,  around  her  memory. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Logan  the  Board  proceeded  to  the  reg- 
ular order  of  business. 

Mrs.  Brayton,  South  Carolina,  moved  that  the  report  of  the 
Executive  Committee  be  approved.  Seconded. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  as  an  amendment  that 
that  portion  relating  to  the  secretaryship  be  permanently  left 
on  the  table.  The  motion  to  amend  prevailed. 

Mrs.  Barker  called  for  the  reading  of  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee, which  was  read,  omitting  the  part  included  between  the 
middle  of  pages  9  and  26. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  then  read  her  disapproval  of  the 
action  of  the  Board  of  Control  as  contained  in  Article  I.  of  this 
report.  Considerable  discussion  followed. 

Mrs.  Eagle  moved  the  previous  question,  which  was  sec- 
onded. 

Mrs.  Meredith  then  closed  the  debate  on  her  report  from  the 
Executive  Committee. 

The  main  question  was  ordered,  that  being  Mrs.  Brayton's 
resolution  that  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  be  ap- 
proved. Seconded  and  carried. 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  2  p.  M. 


The  Board  re-assembled  at  2  p.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

Communications  were  read  from  Ursula  M.  Bright,  in  regard 
to  the  legal  position  of  women  in  England  ;  also  from  the  society 
of  American  Federation  of  Labor,  and  the  Illinois  Woman's 
Alliance. 


Minnies  of  Second  Session.  257 

Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 
Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to 
meet  and  confer  with  the  World's  Columbian  Commission,  as  to 
the  advisability  of  reconsidering  that  part  of  Article  V.  of  the 
resolutions  defining  the  powers,  etc.,  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, conferring  upon  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  the  power  to  amend  the  By-Laws  of  the  said 
Board. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  moved  that  the  remarks  made  by 
all  the  different  members  upon  the  death  of  Mrs.  Darby,  be 
entered  upon  the  minutes  of  the  Board,  and  a  copy  of  the  same 
sent  to  the  family  of  the  deceased.  Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  of  seven  be  appointed, 
who  shall  have  charge  of  arranging  for  congresses  to  be  held 
in  the  Woman's  Building  during  the  Fair. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  of  seven  be  appointed, 
who  shall  have  charge  of  arranging  for  music  to  be  performed 
by  women  in  the  Woman's  Building,  during  the  Fair. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  seven  be  appointed  on  class- 
ification, with  instruction  to  report  to  this  body  before  the 
adjournment  of  the  session,  such  standing  committees  as  they 
deem  expedient. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  announced  the  following  committee  on  Mrs.  Reed's 
resolution:  Mrs.  Deane,  California;  Mrs.  Stevens,  New  Jersey; 
Mrs.  Stone,  Mississippi. 

By  unanimous  consent  the  committee  was  excused  to  com- 
municate with  the  Commission. 


258  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Jtesolved,  That  in  courtesy  to  the  Commissioners  who  have  so 
kindly  extended  our  time  two  days  in  excess  of  the  five  days 
allotted  us,  we  expedite  business  as  quickly  as  possible,  and 
thereby  show  to  the  people  as  well  as  to  the  Commissioners  our 
disposition  to  practice  economy  of  time  and  money. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle  and  adopted. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  presented  an  outline  of  a  plan  of  work 
for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  moved  it  be  recorded  and 
printed. 

Mrs.  Margaret  B.  Sullivan,  of  Chicago,  and  Miss  Josephine 
Nichols,  of  Indiana,  being  present,  by  unanimous  consent  were 
invited  to  address  the  Board. 

Mrs.  Mason,  Tennessee,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  bring 
before  this  meeting  definite  plans  and  instructions  as  to  what  we 
shall  do  when  we  return  to  our  respective  States,  and  that  Miss 
Ford's  paper  be  referred  to  said  committee. 

Seconded. 

Mrs.  Allen,  Oregon,  moved  to  amend  by  adding  "  and  all 
future  communications  on  the  subject,  be  referred  to  the  same 
Committee." 

Amendment  seconded. 

Mrs.  Mason  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution  as 
amended  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Logan  presented  a  petition  from  the  colored  people  of 
Illinois,  and  moved  that  it  be  referred  to  the  different  State  and 
Territorial  Boards,  and  also  the  Board  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Seconded. 

Mrs.  Paul,  Virginia,  offered  the  following  substitute: 

JResotved,  That  the  work  of  arousing  interest  in  each  of  the 
several  States  and  Territories,  and  the  District  of  Columbia, 
among  the  colored  people,  and  the  best  methods  to  be  adopted 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  259 

and  pursued  therein  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby  expressly 
referred  to  the  Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates  in  each 
State,  Territory,  and  District  of  Columbia,  who  shall,  after 
consultation  with  the  World's  Fair  Board  thereof,  be  invested 
with  full  power  to  act,  and  shall  make  reports  from  time  to  time, 
of  the  progress  of  their  work,  to  the  President  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers. 

Seconded. 

After  discussion,  the  previous  question  was  moved  and 
seconded,  which  was  upon  Mrs.  Paul's  substitute  to  Mrs.  Logan's 
motion. 

The  question  was  put  by  the  Chair  and  carried. 

The  Chair  appointed  the  following  Committee  on  Classifica- 
tion: 

Mrs.  Barker,  Mrs.  Angell,  Mrs.  Frost,  Mrs.  Verdenal,  Mrs. 
Wallace,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Felton. 

By  unanimous  consent  the  communication  from  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor  was  re-read. 

Miss  Ford  moved  that  this  letter  from  Mr.  Gomper's 
(President  of  this  Federation)  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
State  work. 

Seconded  by  Dr.  Dickinson  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Mitchell,  Kansas,  presented  the  following  report  of  the 
committee  appointed  to  prepare  a  memorial  to  be  sent  to  the 
Presidents  of  State  Boards. 

CHICAGO,  September  7,  1891. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Ladies'  Board  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition,  held  in  Chicago,  a  full  report  of  the  work  done 
by  the  several  States,  and  their  attitude  towards  this  great  enter- 
prise was  made  by  the  National  Commissioners  to  that  body. 

The  animus  of  this  most  exhaustive  and  interesting  report 
was  one  of  general  interest  and  co-operation;  general,  but  not 
universal,  for  in  it  we  discover  several  of  the  States  have  not 
recognized  their  national  Lady  Commissioners,  and  have  not 


260  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

made  any  effort  by  appropriations,  to  enable  their  States  to  take 
a  representative  position  with  their  sister  States  at  this  great 
Exposition  of  the  world's  industries;  and  being  in  hearty  sym- 
pathy with  our  sisters  from  all  the  States  and  Territories,  and 
aiming  for  a  complete  and  exhaustive  expression  of  all  the 
national  wealth  and  products  of  our  great  country,  and  the  pro- 
gress of  the  women  in  their  many  valued  lines  of  reform,  as  an 
expression  of  the  voice  of  this  body  ;  be  it,  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  a  memorial  setting  forth  the  importance  of 
woman's  work  in  the  interest  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  and 
urging  the  appointment  of  women,  including  the  Lady  Managers, 
upon  the  several  State  Boards,  be  sent  by  this  body  to  the  Pres- 
idents of  the  various  State  organizations,  without  delay,  and  to 
the  Governors  of  those  States  and  Territories  where  no  appro- 
priations have  been  made,  giving  them  power  and  means  to  take 
their  position  with  those  more  favored  Commissioners  whose 
States  have  thus  honored  them. 

MRS.  ROBERT  B.  MITCHELL, 
MRS.  JOHN  LUCAS, 
MATILDA  B.  CARSE. 

Miss  Ives,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  109  designs  for  seals  have  been  sub- 
mitted, and  that  there  is  such  variety  of  material  and  subject, 
be  it 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  select 
the  seven  best  designs  to  be  sent  to  Mr.  St.  Gaudens  for  his 
decision  as  to  the  best.  The  six  designs  which  do  not  receive 
the  prize  to  receive  honorable  mention. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle. 

Miss  Cunningham,  South  Carolina,  moved  to  amend  by 
changing  the  number  of  the  committee  to  seven,  instead  of 
three. 

Amendment  seconded. 

Miss  Ives  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution  as 
amended  was  adopted. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  261 

Mrs.  Hooker  moved  to  re-consider  the  resolution  of  Miss 
Ives. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Hooker  then  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  after  this  committee  have  selected  seven  of 
the  best  designs,  that  those  designs  shall  be  presented  to  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  those  that  they  like  best  shall  be 
sent  to  Mr.  St.  Gaudens,  for  his  decision. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  presented  the  report  of  the  committee 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  Commission. 

On  presenting  a  request  to  the  Chairman  of  the  National 
Commission,  he  at  once  appointed  a  committee,  but  stated  that 
the  Commission  at  that  time  were  in  the  discussion  of  a  very 
important  question,  and  two  of  the  gentlemen  appointed  on  said 
committee  were  leading  the  debate,  and  found  it  inconvenient  to 
leave  at  that  time.  He,  therefore,  requested  that  the  ladies  of 
the  committee  meet  the  gentlemen  at  the  Palmer  House  that 
evening,  at  7:30. 

On  motion  the  report  was  accepted. 

Mrs.  Lucas,  Pennsylvania,  made  some  very  interesting 
remarks  on  the  subject  of  silk-culture,  and  stated  that  she 
desired  a  full  exhibit  should  be  made  of  this  industry. 

Mrs.  Hooker  suggested  that  Mrs.  Lucas  formulate  a  motion 
to  this  effect  to  be  presented  the  following  day,  to  which  Mrs. 
Lucas  assented. 

The  Chair  appointed  the  following  committee  on  the  selection 
of  designs  for  the  seal:  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Wilson,  Miss  Jackson, 
Miss  Miller,  Mrs.  Albright,  Miss  Smith,  Miss  Lovell. 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  10  A.  M.  Tuesday,  Sep- 
tember 8th. 


262  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 


OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board   of  Lady  Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session.— Sixth   Day,  Tuesday,   Sept.  8,  1891. 

The  Board  convened  at  10  A.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer  pre- 
siding. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Hooker. 

ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. — Kentucky,  Mrs.  Cantrill;  District  of 
Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Bagley;  New  York, 
Miss  Ford;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES. — Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick;  Arkansas, 
Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton;  California,  Mrs.  Rue;  Colorada, 
Miss  Samson,  Mrs.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker; 
Delaware,  Mrs.  Ball,  Mrs.  Torbert,  alternate;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell, 
Miss  Beck;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead;  Idaho,  Mrs. 
Straughan;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate;  Indiana,  Mrs.  Mere- 
dith, Miss  Ball,  alternate;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clark,  Mrs.  Miller;  Kansas, 
Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback;  Kentucky,  Miss  Payne;  Louisiana, 
Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare;  Maine,  Mrs  Burleigh,  Mrs. 
Stevens;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Reed,  Mrs.  Thomson;  Massachusetts, 
Mrs.  Frost,  Miss  Sears,  alternate;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs. 
Angell;  Minnesota,  Mrs.  Brown;  Mississippi,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  263 

Stone;  Montana,  Mrs.  Rickards;  Nebraska,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mrs. 
Langworthy;  Nevada,  Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Foley,  alternate;  New 
Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall;  New  Jersey,  Miss  Busselle, 
Mrs.  Stevens;  New  York,  Mrs.  Trautmann;  North  Carolina,  Mrs. 
Kidder,  Mrs.  Price;  North  Dakota,  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  Mrs. 
McConnell;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence;  Oregon,  Mrs. 
Allen,  Mrs.  Peyton;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  McCandless;  Rhode 
Island,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey;  South  Carolina,  Mrs. 
Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham,  alternate;  South  Dakota,  Mrs. 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Mason,  Mrs.  Cooke; 
Texas,  Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Cochran;  Vermont,  Mrs.  Chandler, 
Mrs.  Cochrane,  alternate;  Virginia,  Mrs.  Wise,  Mrs.  Paul; 
Washington,  Mrs.  O wings,  Mrs.  Houghton;  West  Virginia,  Mrs. 
Linch,  Miss  Jackson;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs.  Lynde; 
Wyoming,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES. — Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett;  Oklahoma, 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. — Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. — Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs.  Bradwell,  Mrs. 
Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse;  Mrs.  Shattuck,  Mrs.  Meyers,  alternates. 

Mrs.  Barker  asked  to  be  excused  from  the  Committee  on 
Classification.  Her  request  was  granted. 

The  Journal  of  the  preceding  day  was  read  and  approved. 

Mrs.  Barker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  to  Prepare  State 
Reports,  requested  that  all  reports  be  sent  in  at  once,  in  order 
that  the  Committee  might  complete  their  work. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  stated  that  her  Committee  had  con- 


264  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ferred  with  the  Committee  from  the  Commission,  who  requested 
further  time. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  as  a  committee  of  one  on  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee in  the  interest  of  the  negroes,  requested  further  time,  and 
asked  that  her  report  be  made  a  special  order  for  some  hour 
the  following  day. 

Mrs.  Gould,  Illinois,  as  the  committee  of  one  appointed  to 
confer  with  Chief  Fearn  in  regard  to  a  sum  of  money  to  sustain 
our  ladies  abroad,  stated  that  she  had  been  informed  she  must 
confer  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  or  with  the  President, 
or  Director-General  of  the  Commission. 

Miss  Ford  moved  that  Mrs.  Gould  be  made  a  committee  of 
one  to  confer  with  the  Director-General,  or  other  officers,  and 
have  a  telegram  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  asking  if 
we  may  still  use  such  portion  of  the  $20,000  as  we  may  need  to 
send  a  delegation  abroad.  Seconded  and  carried. 

By  unanimous  consent,  Mrs.  Gould  was  excused  from  the 
meeting  in  order  to  act  upon  this  matter. 

The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Mason,  Mrs.  Hooker,  and  Mrs. 
Gould,  a  Committee  on  State  Work.  Mrs.  Hooker  was  subse- 
quently excused  from  serving  on  this  committee,  and  Dr.  Frances 
Dickinson  appointed  in  her  place. 

Mrs.  Howes,  Michigan,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  acknowledge  their  appreciation  of 
the  work  done  by  Miss  Hayden  in  designing  the  Woman's 
Building;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  hereafter  appointed  by  our 
President  to  secure  a  proper  testimonial  to  be  presented  to  her. 

Mrs.  Howes  moved  the  adoption  of  this  resolution. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Howes  stated  that  as  the  whole  world  will  be  interested 
in  the  architect  of  the  building,  she  recommended  that  a  bust  of 
Miss  Hayden  be  placed  therein. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  265 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  when  we  adjourn  this  morning,  we  adjourn  to 
meet  in  executive  session  at  2  o'clock. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Thatcher  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  desire  to 
express  our  sincere  appreciation  of  the  generous  powers  con- 
ferred upon  our  Board  by  the  Commission  and  its  authorized 
committees,  giving,  in  the  words  of  our  President,  "  a  fullness  of 
power  and  an  amplitude  of  scope  we  had  not  dared  to  hope 
for,"  and  we  deprecate  any  effort  to  misconstrue  or  censure 
their  generous  action. 

Seconded  and  unanimously  adopted. 

Mrs.  Angell  moved  that  we  have    a  Sergeant-at-arms,   and 
that  Miss  Busselle  be  appointed  to  that  office. 
Seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

Mrs.  Cantrill  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  the  ladies  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  be 
invited  in  informal  committee  of  the  whole  to  meet  in  Parlor  O, 
Palmer  House,  at  8  p.  M.,  to  give  their  views  upon   a   suitable 
national  flower. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Lynde,  Wisconsin,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  assist  our  Pres- 
ident in  observing  and  maintaining  the  rules  of  order  passed 
by  the  Board,  especially  that  one  that  provides  that  no  member 
shall  speak  twice  on  the  same  subject. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Miss  Cunningham,  South  Carolina,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  Mrs.  Thatcher's  resolution  DC  put  in  writing 
and  sent  to  the  Commission  before  its  adjournment. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 


266  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Lucas  offered  the  following  preamble  and  resolution, 
which  was  presented  by  Miss  Beck: 

WHEREAS,  The  Report  from  the  Woman's  Silk  Culture  Asso- 
ciation has  been  received  with  much  interest  by  this  Ladies'  Board 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  it  has  been  shown  that 
the  work  has  been  retarded  by  the  failure  of  Congress  to  con- 
tinue its  support;  be  it  therefore 

Resolved,  That  we  offer  this  earnest  appeal  to  Congress  in 
behalf  of  this  effort  to  introduce  a  new  national  industry  among 
the  agriculturists  of  our  broad  land,  praying  that  they  will,  by 
their  favorable  action,  continue  to  urge  and  encourage  this  effort 
of  "  women  in  behalf  of  women,"  and  for  the  introduction  of  a 
great  national  industry. 

On  motion  of  Miss  Ford  the  resolution  was  laid  on  the 
table. 

Mrs.  Trautmann  moved  that  this  body  have  a  badge  known 
as  the  badge  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  and  their 
alternates. 

Seconded. 

Mrs.  Verdenal  moved  to  amend  by  adding  that  each  member 
pay  for  her  own  badge. 

Amendment  accepted,  and  the  resolution  as  amended  was 
adopted. 

Mrs.  Trautmann  re-stated  her  resolution  as  follows: 

That  we  have  a  badge  designed  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers, each  to  purchase  her  own  badge. 

Mrs.  Meredith  offered  the  following  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  select  a  design 
suitable  for  a  badge  for  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Bartlett  moved  that  we  ask  for  information  in  regard  to 
the  uses  of  the  Woman's  Building. 

Seconded. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  267 

Mrs.  Barker  offered  the  following  substitute: 

Resolved,  That  we  now  proceed  to  consider,  one  by  one,  the 

suggestions  and  recommendations  of  our  President,  as  made  in 

her  annual  address. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  these  suggestions  be  con- 
sidered in  their  regular  order,  as  put  on  the  tabulated  statement 
furnished. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

The  first  suggestion  was  read  as  follows: 

"  What  is  to  go  in  the  Woman's  Building? " 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  Mrs.  Bur- 
leigh,  Maine,  took  the  chair,  and  Mrs.  Palmer  gave  her  views  in 
regard  to  the  uses  of  the  Woman's  Building,  as  follows: 

MRS.  PALMER'S  REMARKS  WITH  REFERENCE  TO  THE 
WOMAN'S  BUILDING. 

LADIES  :  When  I  applied  to  the  Directors  for  a  building  for 
women,  it  was  imperative  that  some  definite  suggestions  be  pre- 
sented to  them.  They  required  that  we  inform  them  exactly 
what  space  we  wanted,  and  how  we  proposed  to  use  it.  I  there- 
fore hastily  made  some  suggestions,  which,  of  course,  will  be 
revised  by  you. 

That  is  only  one-half  of  the  ground  plan  (referring  to  plans), 
and  I  am  afraid  you  will  not  understand  it.  This  is  the  vestibule 
leading  into  the  main  gallery,  which  is  about  240  feet  long  and 
66  feet  wide.  In  this  gallery  it  is  proposed  that  we  have  a 
special  exhibit  of  the  most  brilliant  things  that  women  have 
done,  not  necessarily  the  best  painting  of  every  artist  in  every 
State  in  the  country,  or  from  the  best  painter  of  every  State, 
unless  she  has  reached  the  highest  standard  of  excellence.  We 
should  have  only  brilliant  work  in  this  very  small  space  which  is 
reserved  for  the  special  exhibit  of  the  greatest  achievements  of 
women. 

We  decided  at  our  first  meeting  that  there  should  be  no 
separate  exhibit  of  women's  work  ;  that  was  the  only  decision 

18 


268  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

we  arrived  at.  It  has  since  been  thought  by  many  that  it  would 
be  very  uninteresting  to  have  a  Woman's  Building  which  con- 
tained no  exhibit  whatever  ;  neither  do  we  wish  to  have  an 
aggregation  of  unimportant  objects,  so  that  persons  going 
through  the  grounds  would  say,  "  Don't  go  into  the  Woman's 
Building  ;  there  is  nothing  there  worth  seeing." 

The  decision  to  have  a  special  exhibit  in  the  Woman's  Build- 
ing gives  a  fine  opportunity  of  emphasizing  the  most  creditable 
achievements  of  women.  Although  we  may  be  able,  by  some 
device,  to  indicate  women's  work  in  the  main  buildings,  still, 
persons  going  through  them  may  not  notice  this  device  ;  it  is 
therefore  proposed,  where  there  is  anything  of  such  extreme 
excellence  that  we,  as  a  sex,  feel  proud  of  it,  that  we  have  a 
duplicate  of  it,  or  another  piece  of  work  from  the  same  hand, 
in  the  Woman's  Building,  in  order  to  call  attention  to  the  fact 
that  it  is  the  work  of  woman.  But  we  want  to  keep  this  exhibit 
very  choice.  We  must  keep  the  standard  up  to  the  highest 
point.  No  sentimental  sympathy  for  women  should  cause  us  to 
admit  second-rate  things  into  this  gallery. 

The  State  Boards  should  suggest  to  our  Board  articles  which 
they  deem  of  sufficient  importance  and  value  to  go  into  the 
Woman's  Building.  Our  foreign  committees  can  also  be 
requested  to  make  the  same  suggestions,  and  I  am  sure  they 
will  be  pleased  to  do  so.  I  would  also  say,  however,  that  we 
think,  in  this  case,  we  should  submit  these  various  articles  pro- 
posed to  a  competent  tribunal  of  experts,  probably  not  of  our 
own  body,  because  each  lady  would  be  so  partial  to  her  own 
State,  that  she  would  be,  to  a  certain  extent,  prejudiced  in  its 
favor. 

Mrs.  TRAUTMANN  :  May  I  ask  about  the  duplicate.  Is  that 
duplicate  to  go  into  the  competitive  building  ? 

Mrs.  PALMER  :  The  work  done  by  women  will  probably  be 
entered  for  competition  in  the  general  buildings.  We  can  invite 
those  contributors  whose  work  seems  most  meritorious  to  send  a 
contribution  also  to  the  Woman's  Building.  We  have  never 
decided  that  the  exhibit  in  the  Woman's  Building  shall  not  be 
for  competition  ;  that  question  is  yet  to  be  decided  by  our  Board. 
It  would  seem  to  be  undesirable,  because  so  many  of  the  women 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  269 

who  wish  to  enter  into  competition  prefer  to  go  into  the  general 
classification  ;  they  feel  that  their  work  would  be  at  a  disadvan- 
tage and  forgotten  by  the  jury,  if  placed  so  far  away  from  the 
general  exhibit  of  articles  belonging  to  the  same  class. 

Mrs.  BARKER:  I  merely  rise  to  ask  the  question  if  this 
Board  has  a  right  to  decide  whether  they  can  make  an  exhibit  in 
the  Building  competitive.  The  instruction  of  the  Commission  is 
that  no  display  in  a  State  Building  can  be  competitive.  Would 
that  allow  it  to  be  competitive  in  ours? 

Mrs.  PALMER:  The  Commission  has  given  us  absolute  con- 
trol of  our  Building,  and  we  can  make  all  decisions  about  it. 

Miss  DICKINSON:  It  seems  to  me  that  the  word  "  duplicate" 
is  unfortunate,  because  if  a  sculptor  has  something  that  she  puts 
in  for  competition,  she  may  or  may  not  wish  to  duplicate  that  in 
endeavoring  to  display  her  finest  work  in  the  Woman's  Building. 

Mrs.  PALMER:  I  think  we  should  not  require  them  to  do 
that;  we  should  simply  ask  them  for  their  best  work. 

Mrs.  ANGELL:  Is  it  not  a  fact  that  if  any  article  of  woman's 
work  is  found  in  the  Woman's  Building,  does  not  the  very  fact 
of  its  being  there  establish  its  claim  to  the  highest  merit? 

Mrs.  PALMER:  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  standard  be 
kept  so  high  that  admission  to  the  Woman's  Building  will  be 
considered  equivalent  to  a  premium. 

Ladies,  I  think  we  had  gotten  into  the  main  gallery.  It  was 
proposed  that  the  small  rooms,  into  which  the  front  and  rear  of  the 
central  portion  are  divided,  should  be  used  for  model  kindergar- 
tens, model  hospitals,  and  to  show  all  the  institutions  that  women 
wish  to  represent.  It  is  very  desirable  that  this  be  discussed 
here,  because  we  do  not  know  whether  the  different  States  want 
to  take  part  in  showing  their  kindergartens  and  other  institu- 
tions. I  think  it  was  understood  that  Bellevue  Hospital,  of  New 
York,  the  mother  training-school  for  nurses,  would  take  charge 
of  our  exhibit  of  trained  nurses,  and  that  the  other  training- 
schools  would,  each  in  turn,  show  their  special  systems.  It  was 
expected,  also,  that  the  Chicago  kindergartens  would  unite  in 
showing  their  systems,  and  each  have  possession  for  a  specified 
time  of  the  kindergarten  room  in  our  Building.  I  do  not  know 
whether  an  exhibit  of  kindergartens  could  be  made  from  other 


270  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

States;  whether  you  would  think  it  necessary  to  send  your  pupils,  as 
well  as  your  teachers,  which  would  entail  great  expense. 

It  was  proposed,  also,  that  one  room  be  devoted  to  a  library 
of  books  written  by  women,  and  that  in  this  connection  we 
should  try  to  show  how  for  many  years  women  wrote  nothing  at 
all;  then  commenced  novel- writing  and  story-telling,  thus  showing 
their  imagination  and  fancy;  arid  later,  when  education  came  to 
them,  how  they  became,  gradually,  authorities  upon  the  exact 
sciences,  art,  and  philosophy.  We  hope  to  show  what  a  thin, 
long  line  it  was  during  many  centuries,  and  how  it  has  rapidly 
broadened  out  in  a  magnificent  way  since  education  has  opened 
the  door  to  almost  every  department  of  science  and  art. 

It  is  intended  that  we  have  a  Bureau  of  Information,  where 
guides  can  be  furnished,  and  also  interpreters  for  those  who  do 
not  speak  our  language.  It  will  doubtless  prove  useful  to  train 
a  number  of  women  as  guides  to  take  people  over  the  Exposition 
grounds,  and  the  city  as  well.  A  number  of  women  can  thus  be 
given  an  opportunity  of  paying  their  expenses  during  the  Expo- 
sition, and  perhaps  of  earning  a  handsome  sum.  There  are  a 
great  many  school  teachers  who  would  be  glad  to  come  here, 
make  themselves  familiar  with  the  Exposition  grounds  and 
buildings,  and  act  as  interpreters  and  guides. 

That  department  will  adjoin  the  vestibule,  where  it  will  be 
convenient  and  accessible. 

It  was  also  suggested  that  one  wing  of  our  building  be  used 
for  the  exhibition  of  benevolent  institutions  of  women,  in  which 
will  be  shown  all  the  charities  and  beautiful  philanthropies  insti- 
tuted and  carried  on  by  them  ;  and,  in  case  we  have  no  better 
use  for  the  other  wing,  that  we  use  it  for  a  Colonial  and  histor- 
ical exhibit  of  all  the  beautiful  objects  associated  with  the  early 
history  of  our  country,  and  the  many  artistic  products  that  have 
been  developed  in  the  past  by  the  taste  of  women,  such  as  beau- 
tiful lace,  old  silver,  old  jewels  and  fans,  antique  costumes  and 
everything  of  that  nature. 

We  have  not,  in  our  country,  a  very  important  museum. 
The  Metropolitan  Museum  in  New  York  is  perhaps  the  most 
complete,  but  few  designers  have  access  to  that.  Of  course 
nothing  has  since  equaled  the  work  during  the  great  Fifteenth 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  271 

century,  and  American  artisans  have  no  opportunity  of  securing 
the  education  that  results  from  seeing  what  has  been  done  during 
the  best  eras. 

The  most  useful  thing  we  could  do  would  be  to  bring  from 
abroad,  and  from  our  own  museums  and  private  collections,  an 
exhibit  of  the  beautiful  work  which  they  could  not  otherwise  see. 
If  we  show  old  lace  —  and  I  think  in  nothing  is  the  designing 
so  beautiful  as  in  old  lace  —  we  will  have  flowing  scrolls  and 
arabesques  from  which  the  artisans  can  receive  valuable  sugges- 
tions. This  exhibit  will  be  interesting  to  the  general  visitor, 
because  we  all  love  to  see  beautiful  things ;  but  I  speak  now 
especially  of  the  benefit  to  the  artisans  and  designers.  Such  an 
exhibit  is  not  contemplated  by  the  Commission  at  all,  so  that  it 
would  be  unique  in  our  building. 

The  second  story,  it  was  supposed,  would  be  devoted,  in  the 
central  part  of  the  building,  front  and  rear,  to  ladies'  parlors. 
There  is  a  suite  of  parlors  planned,  with  balconies  opening  from 
them,  for  the  use  of  visitors,  but  it  now  seems  that  we  will  have 
so  great  a  demand  for  space  that  we  ought  not  to  give  up  so 
much  of  it  for  parlors,  especially  as  we  have  added  the  roof 
garden,  which  will  make  a  charming  open-air  sitting  room. 

Many  plans  have  been  suggested  from  time  to  time  ;  for 
instance,  an  exhibit  in  our  Building  of  the  modern  work  of  our 
Indian  women,  in  case  it  does  not  seem  to  belong  in  the  ethno- 
logical exhibit  or  in  a  competitive  exhibit.  It  has  been  sug- 
gested, also,  that  we  have  a  room  devoted  to  demonstration 
lessons  in  cooking. 

We  have  heard  frequently  that  dyspepsia  is  a  national  disease, 
and  that  there  are  no  people  who  cook  so  badly  as  Americans. 
Foreign  critics  claim  that  they  can  take  second-rate  materials 
and  prepare  dishes  both  palatable  and  nutritious,  while  we  use 
lavishly  the  best  materials,  and,  by  our  poor  cooking,  destroy 
their  nourishing  qualities.  It  seems  desirable  that  we  should 
learn  from  other  countries,  and  that  this  is  a  fine  opportunity  for 
a  comparison  of  methods.  I  have  a  very  interesting  letter  from 
Prof.  Lucy  Salmon  on  this  subject,  in  which  she  suggests  that 
we  put  this  kitchen  at  the  disposal  of  scientists,  so  that  cook- 
ing can  be  represented  in  a  scientific  manner  in  the  Woman's 
Department. 


272  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

We  have  in  the  second  story  a  very  large  assembly  room, 
capable  of  seating  1,700  people.  This  will  hold  such  gatherings 
as  we  may  wish  to  bring  together.  Mrs.  Julia  Ward  Howe  has 
said  that  one  of  the  most  useful  features  introduced  by  women 
at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition  was  the  fifteen  minute  or  half- 
hour  talks  given  in  the  morning,  before  the  buildings  were 
crowded.  The  ladies  met  in  one  room,  or  went  to  a  department 
where  some  expert  wished  to  call  attention  to  his  specialty,  and 
these  half-hour  addresses  were  found  to  be  of  the  greatest  interest 
and  value  to  all  who  heard  them.  Of  course  a  great  many  of  such 
"talks  "  will  be  given  in  our  building,  as  well  as  many  lectures 
from  prominent  men  and  women  who  chance  to  be  in  the  city. 

We  have  also  an  administration  room,  on  the  second  floor,  and 
space  for  several  committee  rooms,  in  case  they  prove  to  be 
necessary;  also  a  number  of  committee  rooms  on  the  third  floor. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  press-women  of  the  country 
have  a  room  for  headquarters  in  our  building.  I  should  think 
this  a  very  proper  thing.  A  great  many  journalists  will  come 
here  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  we  want  to  welcome 
them,  and  give  them  a  quiet  place  to  work  and  to  rest.  It  will 
certainly  be  to  our  interest  to  make  them  comfortable. 

It  has  been  suggested,  also,  that  we  give  a  room  for  head- 
quarters to  many  of  the  large  organizations  of  women.  I  think 
you  will  have  to  consider  this  point  very  carefully  before  making 
a  decision. 

We  have  about  eight  rooms  in  the  third  story  which  can  be 
used  in  any  way  that  you  desire,  either  as  committee  rooms  or 
headquarters  for  organizations,  or  for  the  press;  and  then,  in 
addition,  we  have  our  roof  garden. 

I  forgot  to  mention  that  the  suggestion  has  been  made,  in  case 
we  decide  to  try  to  bring  large  bodies  of  exhibitors  here,  that  we 
provide  a  club  room  for  them,  for  social  headquarters.  We  would 
naturally  bring  together  at  one  time  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  same  subjects,  as  they  would  then  be  congenial  and  sym- 
pathetic. 

On  being  asked  to  explain  her  idea  in  regard  to  Section  10 
of  her  recommendations,  Mrs.  Palmer  said: 

We  have  had  applications  from  women  all  over  the  country 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  273 

ever  since  our  Board  was  organized,  asking  what  they  could  do 
to  help  in  the  work.  Of  course  we  can  scarcely  assign  to  auxiliary 
bodies  the  duties  that  devolve  upon  us  by  the  Act  of  Congress, 
or  by  the  prescription  of  the  -Commission,  but  it  does  seem  that 
there  are  many  subordinate  kinds  of  work  in  which  we  could  em- 
ploy those  who  are  anxious  to  help  us.  For  instance,  in  bringing 
exhibitors  here.  Many  of  these  inquiries  are  from  trained 
women  who  take  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause  of  women,  and 
who  offer  to  put  their  time  and  abilities  at  our  disposal.  Of 
course  the  more  women  we  have  working  for  us,  the  greater  will 
be  the  interest  and  enthusiasm  aroused,  and  it  seems  that  we 
ought  to  find  something  for  all  women  to  do  who  are  anxious  to 
help  us.  It  is  very  hard  to  have  to  say:  "  We  do  not  need  you; 
we  can  give  you  no  work." 

Speaking  of  the  competitive  exhibits  in  the  various  buildings, 
Mrs.  Palmer  said: 

You  can  readily  understand  that  as  soon  as  possible,  after  the 
grounds  had  been  selected,  the  Director-General  had  applications 
for  space  from  all  the  States,  and  they  proposed  having  almost 
all  their  exhibits  in  their  State  buildings.  This  would  produce  an 
unfortunate  result  at  the  time  of  the  Fair,  as  it  would  really  be 
equivalent  to  having  a  number  of  State  fairs,  leaving  very  little 
in  the  building  for  general  competition.  The  Directors  and 
Commission,  therefore,  united  in  deciding  that  that  policy  must 
be  abandoned,  and  that  no  objects  would  be  exposed  in  State 
buildings  that  were  manufactured,  except  such  as  were  necessary 
for  the  decoration  of  the  building.  The  States  are  allowed  to 
place  only  their  natural  products  and  raw  materials  in  the  State 
buildings. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  stenographic  report  of  the  President's 
remarks  be  printed  and  given  to  each  member. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Palmer  resumed  the  chair. 

Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York,  moved  to  leave  the  entire  matter 
pertaining  to  the  Woman's  Building  to  the  President. 


274  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Palmer  declined  to  accept  this  responsibility,  and  Mrs. 
Reed  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  our  President  appoint  a  committee,  the  num- 
ber to  be  decided  by  her  at  some  future  time,  to  take  charge  of 
all  arrangements  belonging  to  the  Woman's  Building. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  second  suggestion  was  read  as  follows: 

"That  the  classification  be  re-arranged  to  meet  the  needs  and 
wishes  of  the  ladies." 

Mrs.  Eagle  stated  that  this  had  been  provided  for. 
The  third  suggestion  was  read  as  follows: 

"  That  a  prospectus  be  prepared  stating  fully  the  plans  and 
policy  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  which  shall  be  sent  to 
every  State,  and  to  foreign  countries,  and  be  given  wide  publicity 
in  the  press." 

Mrs.  Reed,  Maryland,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  pro- 
spectus setting  forth  the  plans  and  policy  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  the  members  to  be  appointed  by  the  president. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  fourth  suggestion  was  read  as  follows: 

"  Does  the  Board  approve  of  the  President's  suggestion  that 
committees  of  women  be  fornred  in  the  various  foreign  countries 
to  be  auxiliary  to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  to  cooperate 
with  us  in  our  work?" 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 
Resolved,  That  the  suggestions    made  by   the    President   in 

reference  to  committees  of    women   to   be   formed   in   foreign 

countries  be  adopted. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  fifth  suggestion  was  read  as  follows: 

"  Presentation  of  plans  and  an  official  appeal  to  the  Legis- 
latures that  have  not  yet  acted." 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  275 

This  having  been  provided  for,  the  sixth  suggestion  was  read 
as  follows: 

"  In  order  to  insure  variety  and  originality  in  the  exhibits 
installed  by  women,  it  is  suggested  that  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers issue  a  strong  appeal  to  industrial  women  all  over  the 
country,  and  also  to  manufacturers  employing  women,  encour- 
aging the  former  to  do  their  best  in  the  exercise  of  their  inge- 
nuity, skill,  and  taste,  and  asking  the  latter  to  see  that  every 
opportunity  is  given  them  for  so  doing." 

Mrs.  Barker  moved  that  this  be  referred  to  the.  Executive 
Committee  and  referred  to  the  Board  for  approval. 

Seconded  and  carrried. 

The  seventh  suggestion  was  read,  as  follows: 

"  In  case  we  find  no  woman  competent  to  serve  on  juries  of 
award,  what  shall  be  done?  " 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  this  be  left  to  the  discre- 
tion of  the  respective  committees  that  have  this  under 
consideration. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

The  eighth  suggestion  was  read,  as  follows: 

"  There  have  been  submitted  competitive  designs  for  the 
official  seal  of  this  Board.  It  will  be  necessary  that  a  committee 
be  appointed  to  examine  these  and  make  a  report." 

This  section  having  been  provided  for,  the  ninth  suggestion 
was  read,  as  follows: 

"  That  a  testimonial  to  Miss  Hayden,  the  architect  of  the 
Woman's  Building,  be  prepared,  which  shall  be  of  a  permanent 
character." 

This  having  been  provided  for,  no  further  action    was  taken. 

The  tenth  suggestion  was  read,  as  follows: 

"That  auxiliary  work  be  devised,  not  connected  with  the 
duties  assigned  to  us  by  Congress  or  the  Commission,  in  which 
the  numerous  applicants  who  offer  to  put  their  time  and  ability  at 
our  disposal,  may  be  employed." 


276  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  this  be  referred  to  a  special 
committee  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  the  number  to  be 
left  to  her  discretion. 

Seconded. 

Miss  Minor,  Louisiana,  offered  the  following  resolution  as  a 
substitute: 

Resolved,  That  all  auxiliary  work  done  by  persons  desiring  to 
assist  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  will  be  put  in  charge  of  the 
Lady  Managers  of  the  respective  States,  and  be  done  under  their 
supervision.- 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Hooker,  that  this  subject  be  reconsidered 
in  the  future,  the  resolution  and  substitute  were  laid  on  the  table. 

The  eleventh  suggestion  was  read,  as  follows: 

"We  recommend  our  representatives  to  organize  committees 
in  those  States  where  there  are  no  women  recognized  on  the 
State  Boards." 

This  section  having  also  been  provided  for,  no  action  was 
taken. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  moved  that  this  Board  give  direction 
as  to  what  position  the  Lady  Managers  would  take  in  a  State 
where  a  sub-committee  was  formed  by  the  State  Commission  in 
doing  the  State  work — whether  they  would  have  any  right  of 
precedence  or  dictation. 

Seconded. 

This  question  was  discussed  by  Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  Mrs.  Deane's  motion  be 
tabled. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Gould,  Illinois,  then  read  the  following  report: 

Your  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  Director-General 
Davis  upon  the  subject  of  sending  our  representatives  abroad, 
has  the  following  information  to  offer: 

Funds  from  the  sum  of  $20,000  known  to  us,  are  available  for 
the  use  of  representatives  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  277 

Treasury,  of  whom  there  are  now  in  Europe,  three  or  four 
gentlemen  acting  in  that  capacity.  I  am  informed  that  any 
recommendation  for  such  appointments  of  women,  made  by  Mrs. 
Palmer,  would,  without  doubt,  receive  ratification  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  the  fund  would  be  thus  open  to 
our  use. 

I  am  also  further  informed,  that  whatever  assistance  might  be 
given  our  President  in  this  matter  will  be  most  cheerfully 
accorded  by  Director-General  Davis. 

MARCIA  LOUISE  GOULD, 

Committee. 

Mrs.  Hooker  moved  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  very  welcome  communication  from  the  Director-General, 
and  act  upon  it. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Lynde  asked  permission  to  have  a  communication  read 
from  the  Commission  regarding  Professor  de  Guerville.  Her 
request  being  granted,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Wisconsin,  offered  the  fol- 
lowing resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  heartily  endorse 
the  action  of  Mr.  Walker  Fearn,  Chief  of  the  Department  of 
Foreign  Affairs;  Mark  McDonald,  of  California;  M.  B.  Harrison, 
of  the  Board  of  Control,  and  of  Commissioner  O.  V.  Tousley,  in 
granting  official  recognition  to  Monsieur  de  Guerville. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Hooker  moved  that  all  additional  information  given  by 
the  President  in  regard  to  the  Woman's  Building  be  printed 
with  her  former  remarks. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  2  p.  M. 

The  Board  assembled  in  Executive  Session  at  2  p.  M.,  Mrs. 
President  Palmer  presiding. 


278  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Dr.  Frances  Dickinson,  Chicago,  presented  the  following 
communication,  which  was  read  : 

To  the  President  and  Members  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 

of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  : 

LADIES  :  You  have  allowed  to  be  read  to  you,  and  have  put 
in  print  a  report  of  a  committee  of  your  body,  in  which  report 
serious  charges  are  made  against  me.  I  now  ask  a  hearing 

before  you. 

Respectfully, 

PHOEBE  W.  COUZINS. 

Miss  Minor,  Louisiana,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  this  communication  be  laid  upon  the  table. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Thatcher  and  adopted. 

Dr.  Dickinson  called  for  the  ayes  and  noes  on  the  question. 

A  rising  vote  was  taken  with  the  following  result :  61  for 
the  resolution  and  9  against. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  moved  to  take  this  from  the  table. 

Seconded  by  Dr.  Dickinson.     Motion  put  and  lost. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  rose  to  a  question  of  privilege,  and 
stated  that  as  the  hall  was  engaged  for  the  afternoon  of  the 
following  day,  she  moved  the  Board  adjourn  on  the  morrow, 
at  12.30,  sine  die. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas. 

Dr.  Dickinson,  Chicago,  moved  to  lay  the  motion  on  the 
table. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  McLaughlin,  North  Dakota,  and  lost. 

Mrs.  Meredith.  Indiana,  moved,  as  a  substitute  for  Mrs. 
Thatcher's  motion,  that  "  if  we  can  not  have  this  hall  after  12 
o'clock  to-morrow,  we  make  some  other  arrangement." 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  that  the  Board  rise  from 
executive  session,  and  go  into  open  session,  as  there  were 
many  ladies  anxious  to  attend  our  meeting. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  279 

Motion  seconded  by  Dr.  Dickinson,  Chicago. 
Motion  put  by  the  Chair  and  lost. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  rose  on  a  question  of  informa- 
tion regarding  the  Woman's  Building. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  that  the  Board  go  into 
committee  of  the  whole,  to  consider  the  character  of  the  device 
which  is  to  designate  the  work  of  women  in  the  Columbian 
Exposition. 

Seconded  by  Miss  Ford,  New  York,  and  carried. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  Board  of  Control  per- 
taining to  the  subject  of  the  device. 

The  Board  then  went  into  a  committee  of  the  whole,  Mrs. 
Felton,  Georgia,  in  the  chair. 

After  discussion,  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  that 
the  committee  rise,  with  the  recommendation  that  the  whole 
matter  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Price,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  President  Palmer  resumed  the  chair. 

Mrs.  Felton,  Georgia,  reported  from  the  committee  of  the 
whole  that  it  recommended  that  the  subject  of  a  device  be 
referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Motion  put  and  carried. 

The  Chair  called  for  reports  from  committees. 

Mrs.   Deane,  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  appointed 
to  confer  with  the  Commission,  submitted  the  following  report : 
Mrs.    POTTER    PALMER,    President   Board   of    Lady  Managers, 
World's  Columbian  Commission. 

DEAR  MRS.  PALMER:  By  direction  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission,  I  have  the  honor  to  hand  you  herewith  copy 
of  the  report  of  the  Special  Committee  appointed  at  yesterday's 
sessipn  to  confer  with  a  similar  committee  from  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers,  in  regard  to  the  advisability  of  revising  the 
powers  conferred  upon  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board 


280  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

of  Lady  Managers,  and  said  report  having  been  this  day  sub- 
mitted to  the  Commission,  and  unanimously  adopted. 
With  great  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  T.  DICKINSON,  Secretary. 

The  Special  Committee  appointed  at  yesterday's  session  of 
the  Commission,  to  confer  with  a  like  committee  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers,  to  consider  the  question  of  the  advisability  of 
action  by  the  Commission,  looking  to  the  revision  of  the  powers 
conferred  upon  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  by  the  fifth  paragraph  of  the  resolution  adopted  by 
the  Commission  at  its  fourth  session,  in  so  far  as  the  same  vests 
in  the  said  Executive  Committee  or  sub-committee  thereof,  the 
right  and  privilege  of  amending  the  By-Laws  of  the  Board,  beg 
leave  to  report,  that  your  committee  has  fully  conferred  with  the 
committee  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers ;  that  in  that  con- 
versation it  was  apparent  that  the  resolution  adopted  by  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  in  this  behalf,  expressed  neither  the 
recommendation  nor  desire  of  that  Board  in  favor  of  the  revision 
of  the  powers,  but  simply  suggested  whether  it  was  advisable  or 
not.  After  fully  considering  the  subject,  your  committee  is  of 
opinion  that  it  is  inadvisable  and  injudicious  at  this  time  to  take 
action  in  the  premises,  and  that  a  communication  be  addressed 
to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  informing  them  accordingly. 

J.  W.  ST.  CLAIR, 
Chairman  of  Special  Committee. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  of  Connecticut,  moved  to  receive  the  report 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico,  moved  that  pads  and  envelopes 
bearing  the  official  stamp  or  seal  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
be  furnished  to  each  of  the  Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates, 
and  also  that  all  matter  pertaining  to  the  Fair,  that  would  be  of 
interest,  be  mailed  especially  to  the  alternates. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Rue,  California,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  all  work  sent  to  the  Woman's  Building  may 
be  open  to  competition  with  similar  work  in  the  general 
building. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal,  New  York. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  281 

Mrs.  Brayton,  South  Carolina,  moved  to  table  this  resolution. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle. 

After  considerable  discussion,  the  motion  to  table  was  put 
and  lost. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  the  previous  question,  that 
being  Mrs.  Trautmann's  resolution. 

Motion  seconded  by  ten,  and  carried. 

The  Chair  then  put  the  question,  which  was  lost. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  three  members  be  added  to  the  Conference 
Committee,  and  they  be  requested  to  confer  with  the  Chairman 
of  the  Special  Committee  of  the  Commission  in  regard  to  this 
report  just  sent  to  us,  since  it  is  apparent  that  the  resolution  fur- 
nished our  committee  was  not  clearly  expressed,  and  so  did  not 
convey  the  real  wishes  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  asked  to  have  her  committee  dis- 
charged. 

The  Chair  stated  that  the  report  was  accepted,  but  com- 
mittee continued. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  the  following  as  a  substi- 
tute to  Mrs.  Hooker's  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  ask  the 
Commissioners  lo  abolish  that  clause  of  their  instruction  to  the 
Executive  Committee  which  gives  to  the  Executive  Committee 
the  power  to  change  the  By-Laws  of  the  full  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hartpence,  Ohio. 

Mrs.  Barker  explained  her  views  on  the  subject. 

After  prolonged  discussion,  the  substitute  was  put  by  the 
Chair  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Barker  agreed  to  increasing  the  committee  to  six  and 
asked,  as  a  special  favor,  that  Mrs.  Palmer  be  made  one  of  the 
Conference  Committee. 


282  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Palmer  declining,  Mrs.  Thatcher  moved  that  the  Presi- 
dent be  requested  to  appoint  this  committee. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle. 

The  Chair  appointed  Mrs.  Barker,  Mrs.  Hooker,  and  Mrs. 
Houghton  an  additional  committee  of  three,  with  the  Conference 
Committee  already  appointed. 

Mrs.  Deane  withdrew  her  request  to  be  discharged  from  serv- 
ing on  that  committee. 

Mrs.  Wilkins,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

WHEREAS,  It  has  come  to  the  knowledge  of  this  Board  that 
certain  members  of  this  Board  have  caused  to  be  published 
circulars,  pamphlets,  and  other  documents  derogatory  to  the 
character  of  our  President  and  members  of  this  Board,  and  cal- 
culated to  produce  discord  and  create  misunderstanding  as  to 
the  actions  of  this  Board,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  condemn  most  earnestly  all  such 
procedure,  and  that  in  the  future  any  member  of  this  Board 
who  shall  publish  or  cause  anything  to  be  published  derogatory 
to  the  character  of  any  Lady  Manager,  or  that  is  calculated  to 
produce  discord  or  inharmonious  action,  shall  receive  the 
censure  of  this  body,  and  that  we  will  petition  the  Commissioner 
by  whom  she  was  appointed  to  ask  for  her  resignation,  and  that 
he  appoint  a  successor  to  take  her  place  on  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hart,  Ohio. 

After  discussion,  the  resolution  was  put  and  unanimously 
adopted. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  that  the  vote 
on  this  resolution  be  given  to  the  public. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Meyers, 
Chicago,  Mrs.  Cantrill's  report  on  the  work  among  the  colored 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  283 

people,  was  made  the  special  order  of  business  for  the  following 
morning,  immediately  after  the  reading  of  the  Journal. 

The  Chair  then  announced  the  following  committees  : 

Committee  on  Testimonial  to  Miss  Hayden :  Mrs.  Howes, 
Michigan;  Mrs.  Stevens,  Maine;  Mrs.  Thomson,  Maryland; 
Mrs.  Olmstead,  Georgia;  Miss  Samson,  Colorado;  Miss  Cun- 
ningham, South  Carolina;  Mrs.  Payton,  Oregon. 

Committee  on  Designs  for  Badge  :  Mrs.  Trautman,  New 
York;  Mrs.  Stevens,  Maine;  Mrs.  Chandler,  Vermont;  Mrs. 
Hale,  Wyoming;  Mrs.  Wise,  Virginia;  Mrs.  Owings,  Washing- 
ton; Miss  Cunningham,  South  Carolina. 

Committee  on  Prospectus :  Mrs.  Paul,  Virginia;  Mrs. 
Straughan,  Idaho;  Miss  Payne,  Kentucky;  Miss  Sears,  Massa- 
chusetts; Mrs.  Brown,  Minnesota;  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Chicago; 
Mrs.  Langworthy,  Nebraska. 

On  motion  the  Board  adjourned  to  10  A.M.  the  following  day. 


10 


284  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

OFFICIAL  RECORD 

OF    THE 

Board   of  Lady   Managers 

OF    THE 

World's  Columbian  Commission. 


Second  Session. — Seventh  Day,  Wednesday,  Sept.  9,1891. 

The  Board  convened  at  10  A.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

Prayer  by  Mrs.  Deane,  California. 
ROLL  CALL. 

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. — New  York,  Mrs.  Verdenal ;  Kentucky, 
Mrs.  Cantrill ;  District  of  Columbia,  Mrs.  Lockwood  ;  Michigan, 
Mrs.  Bagley  ;  New  York,  Miss  Ford  ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Ryan. 

MEMBERS  FROM  STATES.  —  Alabama,  Mrs.  Fosdick,  Miss 
Smith,  alternate ;  Arkansas,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Mrs.  Edgerton ; 
California,  Mrs.  Rue,  Mrs.  Deane ;  Colorado,  Miss  Samson, 
Mrs.  Ashley;  Connecticut,  Miss  Ives,  Mrs.  Hooker;  Delaware, 
Mrs.  Ball,  Mrs.  Torbert,  alternate ;  Florida,  Mrs.  Bell,  Miss 
Beck ;  Georgia,  Mrs.  Felton,  Mrs.  Olmstead ;  Idaho,  Mrs. 
Straughan  ;  Illinois,  Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Gould,  alternate ;  Indiana, 
Mrs.  Meredith,  Miss  Ball,  alternate  ;  Iowa,  Mrs.  Clark,  Miss  Miller; 
Kansas,  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Hanback ;  Kentucky,  Miss  Payne; 
Louisiana,  Miss  Minor,  Miss  Shakspeare  ;  Maine,  Mrs.  Burleigh, 
Mrs.  Stevens ;  Maryland,  Mrs.  Thomson  ;  Massachusetts,  Mrs. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  285 

Frost,  Miss  Sears;  Michigan,  Mrs.  Howes,  Mrs.  Angell ; 
Minnesota,  Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs.  Winston,  alternate;  Mississippi, 
Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  Stone  ;  Montana,  Mrs.  Rickards  ;  Nebraska,  Mrs. 
Briggs,  Mrs.  Langworthy ;  Nevada,  Miss  Russell,  Mrs.  Foley, 
alternate ;  New  Hampshire,  Mrs.  Ladd,  Mrs.  Hall ;  New  Jersey, 
Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Stevens ;  New  York,  Mrs.  Trautmann ; 
North  Carolina,  Mrs.  Kidder,  Mrs.  Price;  North  Dakota,  Mrs. 
McLaughlin,  Mrs.  McConnell ;  Ohio,  Mrs.  Hart,  Mrs.  Hartpence ; 
Oregon,  Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Payton  ;  Pennsylvania,  Miss  McCandless; 
Rhode  Island,  Mrs.  Starkweather,  Miss  Dailey ;  South  Carolina, 
Mrs.  Brayton,  Miss  Cunningham,  alternate ;  South  Dakota,  Mrs. 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Barker ;  Tennessee,  Mrs.  Cooke,  Mrs.  Mason, 
alternate ;  Texas,  Mrs.  Turner,  Mrs.  Cochran  ;  Virginia,  Mrs. 
Wise.  Mrs.  Paul ;  Washington,  Mrs.  Owings,  Mrs.  Houghton  ; 
West  Virginia,  Miss  Jackson ;  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  Ginty,  Mrs. 
Lynde ;  Wyoming,  Mrs.  Harrison,  Mrs.  Hale. 

MEMBERS  FROM  TERRITORIES.  —  Arizona,  Mrs.  Butler,  Miss 
Lovell ;  New  Mexico,  Mrs.  Albright,  Mrs.  Bartlett ;  Oklahoma 
Mrs.  Beeson,  Mrs.  Miles ;  Utah,  Mrs.  Whalen,  Miss  Keogh, 
alternate. 

MEMBERS  FROM  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  —  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Wilkins. 

MEMBERS  FROM  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  —  Mrs.  Palmer,  Mrs. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Mulligan,  Dr.  Dickinson,  Mrs.  Wallace,  Mrs. 
Bradwell,  Mrs.  Doolittle,  Mrs.  Carse,  Mrs.  Shattuck,  alternate. 

The  Journal  of  Tuesday  morning,  September  8th,  was  read 
and  approved. 

Mrs.  Ashley,  Colorado,  moved  to  have  the  words  "  principal  " 
and  "  alternate  "  left  off  the  badge  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers. 

Seconded  and  carried. 


286  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

A  communication  was  read  from  Prof.  Lucy  M.  Salmon, 
Vassar  College,  in  regard  to  a  model  house  and  kitchen  exhibit. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Hooker,  Connecticut,  that  this  letter  be 
printed  for  distribution,  action  on  the  same  was  postponed. 

Miss  Ives,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Designs  for  a  Seal, 
presented  the  following  report: 

Your  Committee  appointed  to  select  designs  for  a  seal 
report  as  follows:  On  examining  the  designs  placed  before  the 
Committee,  all  seemed  to  have  many,  attributes  of  beauty  to 
claim  attention,  and  a  majority  were  specially  artistic  in  design. 

But  as  there  seemed  to  be  three  prominent  features  to  be 
embodied  on  the  seal,  some  difficulty  was  found  in  selecting  very 
many  that  harmonized  these  three  features  in  one  design. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Committee,  the  seven  designs  selected 
combine,  as  far  as  possible,  these  requirements:  75,  108,  66,  84, 

54,  73,  63. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)  Miss  IVES, 

Miss  MILLER, 
Miss  SMITH, 
MRS.  WILSON, 
Miss  LOVELL, 
Miss  JACKSON, 

Committee. 

Miss  Ives  moved  the  adoption  of  this  report. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Thomson,  Maryland,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Badges, 
stated  that  the  Committee  met  to  select  a  design,  but  found  that 
the  Committee  on  Seal  had  selected  all  of  the  best  designs.  It  was 
decided  that  the  Committee  on  Badges  would  wait  until  the 
seal  had  been  selected  to  send  to  Mr.  St.  Gaudens,  and  then  they 
would  select  their  badge  from  the  remaining  designs. 

Mrs.  Hooker,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Finance,  sub- 
mitted the  following  report: 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  287 

Your  Committee  met  in  Washington  February  23,  1891,  at 
the  call  of  the  President,  and,  as  has  been  shown  in  the  report  of 
the  President,  did  excellent  work  there.  In  fact,  we  are  con- 
vinced that  if  the  influence  of  this  Committee  had  been  brought 
to  bear  upon  Congress  earlier  in  the  session,  the  whole  appropri- 
ation asked  for  by  the  President  would  have  been  granted.  The 
history  of  our  bill  is  this:  When  the  appropriation  bill  left  the 
House  and  went  to  the  Senate  it  provided  for  §92,000,  of  which 
sum  $36,000  was  to  be  used  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 
The  Senate  then  lumped  the  appropriation  and  brought  the  whole 
sum  down  to  $40,000,  to  be  used  by  the  Commission;  and  as  this 
sum  would  not  defray  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  Commission, 
there  would  plainly  be  nothing  left  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Man- 
agers. When  our  Committee  arrived  in  Washington,  the  bill  was 
in  the  hands  of  a  conference  Committee,  consisting  of  three  from 
the  House  and  three  from  the  Senate,  and  it  was  upon  this  Com- 
mittee our  work  was  brought  to  bear,  and  the  result  was,  as  you 
know,  that  $36,000  of  the  money  granted  the  Commission  was 
for  the  use  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

The  Committee  recommend  that  in  order  to  secure  a  suitable 
appropriation  from  Congress  next  winter,  every  member  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  every  alternate,  be  instructed  to 
labor  with  the  members  of  Congress  from  her  own  State  as  soon 
as  elected,  and  if  possible  secure  from  each  one  of  them  a 
pledge  to  deal  generously  with  us  in  the  matter  of  an  appropri- 
ation, and  that  it  shall  be  given  directly  to  our  President. 

ISABELLA  B.  HOOKER,  Chairman. 

Mrs.  Hooker  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report.  Seconded 
by  Mrs.  Felton  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Barker  presented  the  following  report  of  the  Committee 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  Commission: 

The  Committee  appointed  to  confer  with  the  Commissioners 
and  ask  them  to  rescind  the  clause  in  their  instruction  to  the 
Executive  Committee,  conferring  upon  it  the  power  to  change 
the  By-Laws  of  the  Board,  met  Mr.  St.  Clair,  member  of  the 
Board  of  Control  and  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Conference, 
in  Mrs.  Hooker's  parlor  at  the  Palmer  House  last  evening. 


288  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Your  resolution  contemplated  an  appeal  to  the  Commission- 
ers, but  as  they  had  adjourned,  our  only  course  was  to  meet  the 
Board  of  Control,  and  as  some  of  them  were  to  leave  this  morn- 
ing, we  found  it  impossible  to  meet  them  officially,  but  were  glad 
to  hold  an  informal  meeting  with  Mr.  St.  Clair,  who  said:  "  I  am 
the  one  who  urged  the  'unusual  and  extraordinary  measure.'" 

Mr.  St.  Clair  than  gave  us  a  history  of  the  situation  in  which 
the  Executive  Committee  found  themselves  last  spring  with  a  Sec- 
retary in  whose  hands  resided  the  power  to  prevent  the  payment 
of  bills  by  refusing  to  sign  orders,  etc.,  and  added:  "  This  was 
an  emergency,  and  we  felt  that  in  the  absence  of  the  Board  we 
might  be  brought  to  the  spot  where  it  would  be  necessary  to 
adopt  extreme  measures,  but  the  Board  of  Control  never  meant 
to  take  away  one  right  or  prerogative  of  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers."  When  asked  if  this  were  not  an  unusual  proceed- 
ing, to  give  to  a  committee  the  right  to  destroy  the  rules  adopted 
by  the  whole  body  for  the  government  of  that  committee,  he 
answered  that  it  was  an  "unusual,  extraordinary,  and  unheard  of 
proceeding,"  and  that  he  did  not  wonder  that  the  ladies  of  the 
Board  who  did  not  understand  the  very  peculiar  position  in 
which  they  were  placed  were  aggrieved  and  indignant.  He  then 
very  emphatically  said:  "  Now,  ladies,  I  assure  you  that  as  soon 
as  the  legal  proceedings  growing  out  of  this  matter  and  based 
upon  our  action  are  at  an  end,  that  the  Board  of  Control  and 
the  Commissioners  will,  without  one  dissenting  vote,  expunge 
the  obnoxious  clause  and  make  it  right." 

(Signed)  H.  M.  BARKER, 

MRS.  J.  R.  DEANE, 
ISABELLA  B.  HOOKER, 
MRS.  JOHN  M.  STONE, 
M.  B.  STEVENS, 
ALICE  HOUGHTON. 

ivlrs.  Barker  moved  that  the  report  be  adopted  and  the  Com- 
mittee discharged 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Howes,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Testimonial  to 
Miss  Hayden,  reported  as  follows: 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  289 

Your  Committee  recommends  that  the  testimonial  shall  be  in 
the  form  of  a  pendant  having  engraved  the  picture  of  the 
Woman's  Building,  and  on  the  other  side  "  Sophia  Hayden;  pre- 
sented by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Commission,"  and  dated,  and  we  further  recommend  that 
each  Lady  Manager  be  invited  to  contribute  one  dollar  toward 
the  testimonial,  and  that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by 
the  Chair  toward  the  making  of  a  pendant. 

(Signed)      MRS.  HOWES, 
MRS.  STEVENS, 
MRS.  THOMSON, 
MRS.  OLMSTEAD, 
Miss  SAMSON, 
Miss  CUNNINGHAM, 
MRS.  PAYTON, 

Committee. 

Mrs.  Howes,  Michigan,  moved  the  adoption  of  the  report. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Rue,  California. 

The  Chair  stated  that  the  Board  would  probably  have  funds 
enough  to  pay  for  the  pendant  outside  of  any  contributions,  and 
suggested  that  the  Committee  revise  that  part  of  its  report. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  the  Committee  amend 
their  report  by  striking  out  that  clause  referring  to  private  con- 
tributions. 

Mrs.  Howes,  Michigan,  accepted  the  amendment. 

Motion  to  adopt  the  report  was  then  put  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Barker,  North  Dakota,  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
appointed  to  prepare  State  reports,  stated  that  the  Committee 
had  completed  their  work,  and  the  reports  were  ready  for 
the  press. 

Mrs.  Mason,  Tennessee,  presented  the  following  report  of  the 
Committee  appointed  to  formulate  a  plan  of  State  work: 

This  Committee  recommends  the  publication  of  two  sets  of 
circulars  clothed  in  the  simplest  language,  the  first  to  convey 


290  Board  of  Lady  Managers, 

information  to  the  people  by  answering  not  less  than  the  three 
following  questions: 

What  is  the  World's  Fair? 

What  is  the  World's  Fair  to  me? 

What  can  I  do  for  the  Fair? 

The  second  set  of  circulars  to  be  instructions  to  the  sub- 
committees or  those  agencies  of  the  Woman's  Board  that  are 
closest  to  the  people;  these  instructions  to  cover  at  least  the  fol- 
lowing subjects: 

1.  Exhibits;  what  shall  be  accepted   and   rejected,    and  the 
disposal  of  the  same. 

2.  Clubs. 

3.  Transportation  of  goods  and  people. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)     MRS.  MASON, 

DR.  FRANCES  DICKINSON, 
MRS.  GOULD, 

Committee. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker, 
the  report  was  adopted.  Mrs.  Hooker  added,  "with  thanks." 

The  order  of  business  was  suspended  and  unanimous  consent 
was  given  Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  to  offer  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  Article  VI.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  be  amended  by  adding,  "  The  President  shall 
have  full  and  complete  control,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  and  the  approval  of  the 
Commission  and  Director-General;  and  all  correspondence, 
clerical  and  working  force,  and  expenditures  of  money  shall  be 
directed,  ordered,  and  approved  by  the  President  of  the  Board, 
who  shall  have  all  accounts  duly  audited,  and  certify  the  same  to 
the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control." 

Mrs.  Meredith  moved  this  amendment  be  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  By-Laws. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker  and  carried. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  291 

Mrs.  Angell,  Michigan,  presented  her  report  of  the  Committee 
on  Classification.     The  report  as  amended,  is  as  follows  : 
REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  CLASSIFICATION. 

Madam  President  and  Ladies  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition: 

Your  Committee  on  Classification  come  before  you  with 
extreme  diffidence,  feeling  that  this  Report  is  very  inadequate 
in  its  presentation  of  this  important  subject.  Circumstances 
have  made  it  imperative  that  the  Report  should  be  given 
at  this  time,  and  they  plead  in  extenuation  of  the  many  defects 
of  which  they  are  conscious,  first,  the  hurried  manner  in 
which,  owing  to  the  lack  of  time,  they  have  been  obliged  to 
compile  it;  and  second,  the  difficulty  which  they  have  found  in 
adapting  the  exhaustive  Report  prepared  for  the  General  Com- 
mission to  the  more  especial  conditions  of  the  work  of  this 
Board. 

While,  perhaps,  there  is  no  industry,  no  profession  in  which  some 
brave,  heroic  woman  may  not  have  taken  part  and  accomplished 
noble  work,  still  there  are  certain  channels  in  which  we  instinc- 
tively expect  to  find  woman's  influence  dominant,  and  where 
her  truest  and  most  valuable  work  is  accomplished. 

To  give  these  especial  prominence  has  been  the  chief  aim  of 
your  Committee. 

"The  General  Regulations  for  Foreign  Exhibitprs,"  a  pam- 
phlet issued  by  the  authority  of  the  World's  Columbian  Com- 
mission from  the  office  of  the  Director-General,  has  formed  the 
basis  of  the  classification  which  we  submit  to  you,  and  this 
Report  constantly  refers  to  the  departments,  groups,  and  classes 
therein  mentioned. 

Every  lady,  therefore,  will  require  a  copy  of  these  General 
Regulations  in  order  to  make  this  Report  intelligible,  and  instead 
of  a  Blue  Book,  it  is  a  Green  Book  which  becomes  our  coun- 
selor and  friend. 

We  have  in  one  or  two  instances  suggested  that  a  single 
class  in  this  manual  should  be  given  an  entire  committee,  and 
we  have  occasionally  changed  the  position  of  certain  individual 
classes,  but  when  such  has  been  the  case,  the  change  has  been 


292  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

carefully  and   definitely  stated,  and  we  hope  that  no  annoying 
confusion  will  arise. 

A  close  search  through  the  manual  has  not  revealed  any  par- 
ticular mention  of  taxidermy,  and  since  many  women  have 
proved  themselves  skillful  taxidermists,  we  have  ventured  to  add 
this  branch  of  industry  to  one  of  the  correlated  classes. 

With  this  preliminary  statement,  and  in  the  hope  of  meeting 
with  lenient  judgment,  we  ask  your  attention  to  the  following 
summary: 

DEPARTMENT  A. 

Agriculture,  Forest  Products,  and  Forestry. —  Machinery  and 

Appliances. 

We  would  suggest  that  two  committees  be  appointed  in  this 
Department,  one  for  the  following  groups  which  we  will  call  A  i: 

Groups  i,  4,  5,  7,  8,  14,  15,  16,  and  19. 

If  you  notice,  Group  9  is  omitted  from  this  classification. 
You  will  hear  from  it  later. 

A  2  comprises  Groups  2,  3,  6,  10,  n,  12,  13,  17,  and  18 
except  Class  61,  and  the  whole  of  Group  9. 

DEPARTMENT  B. 

Viticulture,  Horticulture,  Floriculture. 

This  we  propose  to  make  one  committee.  We  are  very  well 
aware  that  Groups  22  and  26  have  very  large  interests  for  women, 
but  in  trying  to  reduce  our  committees,  we  have  only  proposed 
one  committee  for  this  Department. 

DEPARTMENT  C. 

Live  Stock. — Domestic  and  Wild  Animals. 
In  connection  with  Group  35,  Class  211,  we  suggest  that  there 
should  be  a  committee  on  this  class  called  a  Committee  on  Bee- 
Culture. 

DEPARTMENT  D. 

Fish,  Fisheries,  Fish  Products,  and  Apparatus  of  Fishing. 
Though  not  correlated  themselves,  we  have  thought  we  might 
unite  these  two  Departments,  C  and  D — Live  Stock,  Domestic 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  293 

and  Wild  Animals— and  Fish,  Fish  Products,  and  Apparatus  of 
Fishing. 

These  include  Groups  27  to  41,  inclusive.  Of  course  you. 
understand  this  is  open  to  your  criticism. 

DEPARTMENT  E. 

Mines,  Mining,  and  Metallurgy. 

At  first  we  should  not  suppose  that  many  women  were  em- 
ployed in  these  directions,  but  a  careful  examination  leads  us  to 
believe  that  this  Department  will  afford  scope  for  a  committee, 
and  we  would  suggest  that  special  attention  be  bestowed  upon 
Groups  42,  43,  45,  and  46,  Class  284. 

DEPARTMENT  F. 

Machinery. 

We  would  recommend  a  small  sub-committee  on  photography 
and  on  the  decoration  and  designs  of  wall  papers.  These  last 
are  mentioned  in  Department  H,  Group  88,  Class  539. 

DEPARTMENT  G. 

Transportation. — Railways,  Vessels,  Vehicles. 
We  have  thought  that  these  last  two  Departments  might  be 
united,  but  we  would  request  that  special  attention  be  bestowed 
on  the  following  groups  in  Department  F:  71,  72,  73,  74,  75,  and 
in  Department  G,  particular  attention  to  Group  82. 

DEPARTMENT  H. 
Manufactures. 

This  Department  comprises  so  many  and  such  interesting 
groups  that  your  Committee  have  found  difficulty  in  reducing  it 
to  the  proportions  required.  We  have  endeavored  to  assign  all 
the  groups,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  to  two  committees. 

Section  H  i:  Groups  86,  87,  88,  91,  92,  and  the  rest  inclu- 
sive to  1 1 8. 

We  have  omitted  Groups  89  and  90.  We  would  propose  that 
Group  90  should  be  a  special  committee  by  itself  on  Ceramics  in 
all  it  branches,  adding  to  this,  Class  284  of  Group  46,  of 
Department  E. 

H  2:     Groups  100,  102,  103,  104,  106,  107,  108,  109,  no. 


294  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

You  note  in  this  we  have  omitted  Groups  99  and  105,  and  to 
this  division  we  would  add  Class  549  of  Group  89,  of  Depart- 
ment H. 

For  Group  99  of  Department  H,  we  would  suggest  that  there 
be  a  committee  on  Silk  Industries  and  Culture. 

These  are  represented  in  the  classification  of  the  Commission 
under  this  Group  99,  and  Class  61,  which  is  in  Group  9,  Depart- 
ment A. 

Also  your  Committee  would  propose  that  Taxidermy  might 
properly  be  considered  in  connection  with  Department  H,  Group 

104,  Class  630. 

DEPARTMENT  J. 

Electricity. 

We  suggest  that  there  be  one  committee  in  that  Depart- 
ment. 

DEPARTMENT  K. 

Fine  Arts. — Pictorial,  Plastic,  and  Decorative. 

To  this  important  Department  we  desire  to  assign  four 
Committees: 

K  i:  Groups  135  and  141,  and  we  recommend  that  Class 
839,  Group  148,  of  Department  L  should  also  be  included  in  the 
work  of  this  Committee. 

K  2:     Groups  136,  137,  and  138. 

K  3:  Group  95  of  Department  H,  which  embraces  Wood- 
carving,  Ivory-carving,  etc.,  we  think  may  very  properly  be 
included  with  Groups  139  and  140,  Department  K. 

K  4:  Group  142,  a  Committee  on  competition  —  exhibit  of 
private  exhibitions. 

We  would  suggest  a  Committee  on  Decorative  Art  Needle- 
work, as  indicated  in  Groups  89  and  105,  Department  H;  and 
we  would  also  include  all  specimens  of  needle-work,  giving 
special  attention  to  Classes  549  and  639  of  the  same  Depart- 
ment. 

DEPARTMENT  L. 

Liberal  Arts. —  Education,  Literature,  Engineering,  Public  Works, 

Music,  and  the  Drama. 
This  Department  is  absolutely  crowded  with  all  the  works 


Minutes  of  Second  Session  295 

particularly  interesting  and  dear  to  women,  and  represents  so 
many  forms  of  labor  belonging  especially  to  women  that  we  have 
in  some  instances  divided  the  groups,  forming  a  committee  on 
classes  contained  in  the  group. 

Group  143  represents  two  committees,  the  first  containing 
Classes  775  to  780  inclusive,  and  the  second  including  Classes 
781,  782,  783,  and  799.  We  would  call  the  second  a  Committee 
on  Charities. 

Group  144. — This  we  would  consider  an  industrial  exhibit. 
It  includes  Classes  784  to  790,  and  Classes  793,  794,  797,  and 
Group  152. 

Group  145,  beginning  with  Class  774  of  Group  143,  which  has 
relation  to  Nurseries  and  Kindergartens,  and  including  Classes 
791,  792,  795,  796,  800,  801,  802,  803,  and  Group  151. 

A  Special  Committee  on  the  Higher  Education,  including 
Classes  800,  801,  802,  and  803. 

Group  146. — This  group  we  would  like  to  include  under  the 
head  of  the  Press  Committee.  There  are,  as  you  will  see,  other 
things  discussed  in  it  besides  absolutely  what  we  speak  of  tech- 
nically as  the  press — books,  libraries,  literature,  journalism. 
This  includes  Classes  804  to  814  inclusive. 

Feeling  that  Photography  can  not  properly  be  included  among 
the  Fine  Arts,  and  yet  recognizing  that  much  beautiful  and  im- 
portant work  has  been  accomplished  by  photographers,  we 
would  suggest  that  a  sub-committee  be  appointed,  to  whom 
shall  be  assigned  this  artistic  industry,  in  connection  with  Group 
147,  Department  L. 

Group  148.  —  Class  839  of  this  group  we  have  removed  and 
carried  back,  if  you  remember,  into  the  Committee,  on  Fine  Arts. 
We  are  quite  doubtful  as  whether  to  recommend  a  committee  on 
the  rest  of  this  group  or  not.  It  comprises  land  surveying, 
bridge  engineering,  construction,  etc. 

Groups  149  and  150  we  would  unite.  Government  and 
law,  the  various  systems  of  government,  postal  system,  inter- 
national law,  etc.  These  important  Groups  will  furnish  scope 
for  several  sub-committees. 

We  would  recommend  that  Class  844,  of  Group  149,  of  this 
Department,  having  relation  to  punishment  of  crime — prisons,  and 


296  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

reformatories,  etc.,  should  be  given  in  charge  of  a  special  sub- 
committee. 

We  have  not  spoken  of  Group  151,  institutions  and  organiza- 
tions for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge.  This  we 
would  include  in  the  Educational  Group,  145. 

Group  152  includes  the  industrial,  social,  and  cooperative 
associations.  It  is  suggested  that  Group  153  be  included  in  this, 
with  the  exception  of  Class  870,  which  we  place  with  Group  154. 

Group  154. —  Music  and  Musical  Instruments.  We  add  to 
this  Class  870  of  Group  153. 

In  connection  with  Department  L  we  have  recommended 
twelve  committees  and  such  sub-committees  as  the  President 
may  see  fit  to  appoint.  We  made  special  mention  of  this  fact, 
because  in  this  Department,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  a  Group 
represents  a  Committee. 

DEPARTMENT    M. 
Ethnology,  Archeology,  Progress  of  Labor  and  Invention. 

We  would  suggest  that  a  committee,  called  the  Committee 
on  Patents,  be  appointed,  which  shall  find  its  right  of  being 
from  Group  166,  Department  M.  Under  this  is  included  Groups 
155  to  159,  160,  170,  and  Class  798,  of  Group  145.  Under  M  2 
will  be  Groups  161  to  172  inclusive,  with  the  exception  of  Groups 
166  and  170. 

In  conclusion,  your  committee  would  state  that  as  the  Com- 
mission itself  is  reported  to  have  changed  its  classification,  so 
we  expect  that  it  will  be  found  necessary  to  make  many  changes 
in  this  condensed  statement. 

•Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)  MRS.  SARAH  S.  C.  ANGELL,  Chairman, 

MRS.  R.  S.  FROST, 
MRS.  MARY  S.  LOCKWOOD, 
MRS.  D.  F.  VERDENAL, 
MRS.. FRANC  LUSE  ALBRIGHT, 
MRS.  M.  R.  M.  WALLACE. 

Mrs.  Logan  moved  to  adopt  the  report  with  thanks. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Deane,  California. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  297 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  to  amend  by  adding  that  the 
Committee  be  continued  with  permission  and  instructions  to 
make  such  slight  changes  in  the  report  as  they  may  deem 
essential.  Motion  seconded. 

Mrs.  Logan  accepted  the  amendment. 

Motion  as  amended  was  then  put  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Eagle,  Arkansas,  moved  that  the  President  be  allowed  all 
the  time  she  may  desire  to  nominate  and  announce  the  Standing 
Committees. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Cantrill. 

Motion  put  by  Mrs.  Eagle  and  unanimously  carried. 

The  Chair  announced  the  presence  of  Mrs.  Zerelda  Wallace, 
mother  of  the  author  of  "Ben  Hur." 

Mrs.  Wallace  was  greeted  enthusiastically,  and  made  a  short 
address  to  the  Board. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  be  allowed  to  with- 
draw, to  rescind  their  action  on  the  matter  of  foreign  repre- 
sentatives of  this  Board  abroad,  so  that  the  full  Board  may  act 
upon  the  question  through  a  committee  who  can  avail  themselves 
of  the  important  changes  that  have  arisen  since  that  time, 
through  the  work  begun  by  Mrs.  Palmer  in  the  interim  since  the 
session  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

The  Chair  announced  the  following  Committee  on  Foreign 
Appointments:  Mrs.  Bagley,  Michigan;  Mrs.  Wilkins,  District 
of  Columbia;  Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas;  Mrs.  Hanback,  Kansas; 
Mrs.  Torbert,  Delaware;  Mrs.  McConnell,  North  Dakota;  Mrs. 
Logan,  District  of  Columbia;  and  Miss  Dailey,  Rhode  Island. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  in  the  appointment  of  the  Standing  Com- 
mittees we  waive  the  parliamentary  rule  of  having  the  first 


298  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

named  made  chairman,  and  allow  each  Committee  to  elect  its 
own  chairman. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Logan  asked  if  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Appoint- 
ments could  select  agents  from  outside  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers,  or  must  they  confine  themselves  to  that  body  ? 

Mrs.  Edgerton,  Arkansas,  moved  that  the  matter  be  left 
entirely  to  the  discretion  of  the  Committee. 

Motion  seconded  by  Mrs.  Rue  and  carried. 

Dr.  Dickinson,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  circulars  recommended  to  be  printed  by 
the  Committee  to  formulate  a  plan  of  work  that  can  be  utilized 
by  all  States  shall  be  written  by  a  committee  appointed  for  that 
purpose,  who  shall  confer  with  the  President;  the  approval  of 
the  President,  of  all  the  matter  within  these  circulars  and  the 
form  it  shall  take,  must  be  had  before  publication. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse  and  adopted. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Carse,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Thatcher,  the 
Board  adjourned  until  2  p.  M. 


The  Board  was  called  to  order  by  the  President  at  2  p.  M. 

A  quorum  not  being  present,  a  recess  of  ten  minutes  was 
taken. 

The  Board  reassembled  at  2:10  p.  M.,  Mrs.  President  Palmer 
presiding. 

Mrs.  Bagley  rose  to  a  question  of  privilege  and  stated  it  as 
follows : 

After  the  meeting  of  yesterday  and  the  resolution  of  confi- 
dence in  our  President,  passed  by  the  ladies  of  this  Commission, 
it  is  most  desirable  that  the  members  should  have  tangible  proof 
of  the  facts  that  controlled  the  action  of  this  Board  in  the  re- 
moval of  Miss  Couzins.  She  has  given  her  side  to  the  public;  she 
has  already  made  her  statements,  which  have  gone  to  the  National 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  299 

Commission.     These  statements  are  in  print  and  have  been  cir- 
culated where  they  would  produce  the  most  effect. 

All  this  is  calculated  to  cripple  the  action  of  the  Board  in  our 
States,  and  I  would  most  respectfully  ask  that  in  vindication  of 
herself,  our  honored  President  be  permitted  to  make  a  statement 
to  this  Board. 

Mrs.  BAGLEY  :  I  would  like  this  to  be  put  as  a  motion. 
Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan. 

Motion  was  put  by  Mrs.  Bagley  and  carried  unanimously. 
Mrs.    Shepard,    Illinois,    stated   that  all  members  were  not 
present. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  moved  to  postpone  this  matter  until 
3  o'clock. 

Seconded. 

Motion  put  by  Mrs.  Thatcher  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  who  had  been  appointed  to  represent  in  the 
Executive  Committee  the  interests  of  colored  people,  read  a 
report  in  which  she  stated  that  her  report  was  greatly  shortened 
and  simplified  by  the  action  of  the  Board,  which  had  already  at 
this  session  adopted  a  resolution  expressly  delegating  to  the 
Lady  Managers  in  the  respective  States  the  work  of  arousing  an 
interest  among  the  colored  people,  and  of  determining  the  best 
methods  to  be  adopted  and  pursued  in  their  respective  States. 
The  purport  of  this  resolution  was  unmistakable.  In  this  Expo- 
sition there  is  to  be  no  color  or  racial  divisions.  Citizenship  will 
be  considered.  A  man  does  not  by  color  cease  to  be  a  loyal 
Virginian,  Georgian,  or  Kentuckian.  The  colored  people  are 
urged  to  respond  and  take  part  in  the  great  movement  toward 
advancement  in  education  and  industry.  We  should  be  judicious 
in  dealing  with  this  interesting  subject,  and  stretch  out  a  help- 
ing hand  of  encouragement.  Many  of  the  questions  referred  for 
decision  and  action  did  not  properly  belong  to  this  Committee, 
and  we  have  not  jeopardized  the  interests  of  a  State  or  of  the 

20 


300  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

great  Exposition,  but  gladly  and  appropriately  lay  before  the 
proper  authorities  these  questions,  knowing  the  interests  of  no 
one  will  suffer  at  their  hands  in  all  that  is  just,  expedient,  and 
wise,  in  all  that  relates  to  the  interests  of  all  parties  at  the 
Columbian  Exposition. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Cantrill,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton,  the 
report  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  moved  to  reconsider  the  adopted  resolu- 
tion of  Mrs.  Paul,  Virginia,  in  regard  to  the  colored  women. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Angell. 

Motion  was  put  by  the  Chair  and  lost. 

A  communication  was  then  read  from  Harrison  &  Coover, 
photographers. 

Mrs.  Ellen  M.  Henrotin,  Vice-President  of  the  woman's 
branch  of  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary,  presented  a  report  of 
the  work  contemplated  by  the  Auxiliary  Congresses. 

Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington:  " In  conversation  to-day  with 
Mr.  John  Thorp,  Chief  of  Floriculture,  he  stated  that  he  would 
be  very  glad  to  take  charge  of  the  grounds  surrounding  the 
Woman's  Building,  and  would  like  to  have  the  opinion  of  the 
Board  on  this  subject;  I  would  like  to  offer  a  resolution  that 
this  body  recommend  that  the  privilege  of  decorating  the 
grounds  surrounding  the  Woman's  Building  be  placed  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  John  Thorp,  Chief  of  Floriculture." 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Edgerton  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Bagley's  motion  requesting  the  President  to  make  a 
statement  to  the  Board  was  then  re-read. 

Mrs.  Logan  asked  Mrs.  Bagley  to  state  that  the  resolution  of 
Mrs.  Wilkins  adopted  the  previous  day,  not  only  vindicated  our 
honored  President,  but  also  all  the  ladies  against  whom  Miss 
Couzins  had  preferred  charges. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  801 

Mrs.  Bagley  accepted  the  amendment,  which  was  put  and 
carried. 

The  motion  as  amended  read  as  follows: 

After  the  meeting  of  yesterday,  and  the  resolutions  of  con- 
fidence in  our  President,  and  also  in  all  the  ladies  against  whom 
Miss  Couzins  had  preferred  charges,  passed  by  the  ladies  of  this 
Commission,  it  is  most  desirable  that  the  members  should  have 
tangible  proof  of  the  facts  that  controlled  the  action  of  this  Board 
in  the  removal  of  Miss  Couzins.  She  has  given  her  side  to  the 
public;  she  has  already  made  her  statements,  which  have  gone 
to  the  National  Commission.  These  statements  are  in  print,  and 
have  been  circulated  where  they  would  produce  the  most  effect. 

All  this  is  calculated  to  cripple  the  action  of  the  Board  in  our 
States,  and  I  would  most  respectfully  ask  that,  in  vindication  of 
herself,  our  honored  President  be  permitted  to  make  a  statement 
to  this  Board. 

The  President  then  made  an  oral  statement  in  answer  to  a 
pamphlet  that  had  been  issued  by  the  ex-Secretary  of  the  Board, 
and  certain  affidavits  were  read  bearing  upon  the  same  matter, 
which  are  filed  among  the  records  of  our  office,  and  known  as 
Nos.  494,  495,  496>  497,  498>  499- 

Mrs.  ASHLEY,  Colorado  :  I  make  the  motion  that  we  indi- 
vidually go  on  record  in  this  matter  as  fully  indorsing  the 
action  of  our  President  and  the  members  of  the  Executive 
Committee. 

Motion  seconded  by  Mrs.  Bartlett. 

Mrs.  Barker  suggested  that  inasmuch  as  the  Board  was 
unanimous,  the  ladies  stand  instead  of  having  the  roll  called. 

Motion  carried  unanimously  by  a  rising  vote. 

A  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  then  read  as 
follows: 

At  a  session  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of 


302  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Lady  Managers  held  September  9,  1891,  Mrs.  Meredith,  Vice- 
Chairman,  presiding,  the  following  ladies  were  present: 

Mrs.  Allen,  Mrs.  Angell,  Mrs.  Bartlett,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Miss 
Beck,  Miss  Busselle,  Mrs.  Cantrill,  Mrs.  Eagle,  Miss  Ford,  Miss 
Ives,  Mrs.  Logan,  Miss  McCandless,  Mrs.  Meredith,  Miss  Miller, 
Mrs.  Ryan,  Mrs.  Rue,  Miss  Shakespeare,  Mrs.  Starkweather, 
Mrs.  Shepard,  Mrs.  Thatcher. 

A  quorum  was  announced. 

Mrs.  Shepard,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  hereby  rescind  all  action  taken  by  the 
Executive  Committee  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  ladies 
to  represent  the  Board  in  South  America,  and  other  foreign 
countries. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Starkweather,  and  adopted. 

(Signed)     SUSAN  G.  COOKE, 

Secretary  Executive  Committee. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Shepard,  Illinois,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Bart- 
lett, New  Mexico,  the  report  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  in  the  absence  of  Mrs.  Lynde, 
Wisconsin,  presented  the  following  report  of  the  By-Law  Com- 
mittee: 

The  resolution  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
which  reads  as  follows:  "That  Article  VI.  of  the  By-Laws  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers  be  amended  by  adding,  The  President 
shall  have  full  and  complete  control,  subject  to  the  direction  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board,  and  to  the  approval  of 
the  Commission  and  Director-General;  and  all  correspondence, 
clerical  and  working  force  and  expenditures  of  money  shall  be 
directed,  ordered,  and  approved  by  the  President  of  the  Board, 
who  shall  have  all  accounts  duly  audited  and  certify  the  same  to 
the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control."  This  resolution  has  been 
carefully  considered  by  the  Committee  on  By-Laws,  and  they 
would  recommend  that  Article  VI.  shall  be  amended  as  to 
read: 

Article  VI.  Duties  of  the  President.  The  President  shall 
preside  over  all  the  meetings  of  the  Board,  and  shall  appoint  all 
committees,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  Board,  and  she 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  303 

shall  have  all  the  powers  and  authority  incident  to  the  office  of 
President.  The  President  may,  and  at  the  written  request  of  a 
majority  of  the  Executive  Committee,  or  of  one-third  of  the 
members  of  the  Board  shall  recommend  to  the  Commission,  the 
calling  of  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  each  of 
whom  shall  receive  reasonable  notice  of  the  meeting.  The 
President  shall  also  have  full  and  complete  control,  subject  to  the 
direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board,  and  to  the 
approval  of  the  Commission  and  Director-General;  and  all 
correspondence,  clerical  and  working  force,  and  expenditure 
of  money  shall  be  directed,  ordered,  and  approved  by  the 
President  of  the  Board,  who  shall  have  all  accounts  duly  audited 
and  certify  the  same  to  the  Board  of  Reference  and  Control. 

(Signed)     MRS.  LYNDE. 

MRS.  THATCHER. 
Miss  IVES. 
MRS.  BRIGGS. 
MRS.  CANTRILL. 
Miss  DAILEY. 
MRS.  BRADWELL. 

Committee. 

The  Chair  stated  that  the  question  would  then  recur  upon 
the  adoption  of  the  amendment  as  recommended  by  the  report 
of  the  Committee. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  the  adoption  of  the  amend- 
ment. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Lockwood  and  carried  unanimously  by  a 
rising  vote. 

Mrs.  Lockwood,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  reconsider  Mrs.  Trautmann's  resolution 
governing  the  organization  of  the  Standing  Committees. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse. 

At  the  request  of  the  President,  Mrs.  Ashley  occupied  the 
chair. 

Motion  to  reconsider  Mrs.  Trautmann's  resolution  put  and 

carried. 


304  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  that  we  indefinitely  post- 
pone the  subject  contained  in  the  motion  before  the  house. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  moved  that  we  leave  the 
naming  of  the  chairmanship  of  the  different  committees  with  the 
President. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ryan,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann  desired  to  discuss  the  question  of  "dupli- 
cate "  exhibits  in  the  Woman's  Building. 

After  prolonged  debate,  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia, 
moved  that  further  discussion  on  this  subject  be  indefinitely 
postponed. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Cantrill,  Kentucky,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  First,  that  each  member  of  this  Board  be  asked  to 
inquire  into  the  feeling  existing  in  her  respective  State  with 
regard  to  State  and  national  flower,  and  the  reasons  for  same; 
second,  that  each  member  shall  interest  herself  in  finding  all 
poems  or  prose  written  upon  this  subject,  giving  especial  atten- 
tion to  those  of  women;  third,  that  a  committee  be  formed  to 
receive  and  make  use  of  same  for  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Unanimous  consent  was  given  to  Miss  Cunningham,  South 
Carolina,  to  make  the  following  remarks: 

Miss  CUNNINGHAM:  I  have  a  suggestion  to  make  in  regard 
to  the  badge.  My  idea  is  a  crescent,  with  the  face  of  a  woman 
appearing  within  the  crescent,  surrounded  by  stars,  with  some  of 
the  stars  entangled  in  the  hair  of  the  woman.  I  would  suggest 
44  stars,  representing  the  44  States,  and  the  motto,  "  Crescendo." 
I  suggest  that  as  our  badge. 

[The  President  resumed  the  chair.] 

Mrs.  Rue,  California,  offered  the  following  resolution: 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  305 

Resolved,  That  the  States  having  special  beautiful  products, 
such  as  woods,  marble,  onyx,  etc.,  ask  that  certain  rooms  in  the 
Woman's  Building  be  set  aside  for  their  ornamentation  in  these 
materials,  given  in  the  names  of  the  women  of  their  several 
States. 

Three  or  more  States  may  combine,  one  furnishing  wood, 
marble,  or  onyx,  another  any  ornamentation  peculiar  to  their 
States. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Deane. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  to  amend  by  adding  that 
every  State  is  cordially  invited  to  offer  any  particular  thing  that 
is  handsome  and  suitable  for  the  Woman's  Building. 

Mrs.  Rue  accepted  the  amendment,  and  the  resolution,  as 
amended,  was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Bartlett,  New  Mexico,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  report  of  the  Classification  Committee  be 
printed  on  separate  slips  for  the  benefit  of  the  Lady  Managers, 
in  making  up  their  preferences  for  the  committees  on  which 
they  wish  to  serve. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  offered  the  following  preamble  and 
resolution: 

WHEREAS,  The  World's  Columbian  Exposition  affords  an 
admirable  opportunity  to  exhibit  woman's  power  to  originate, 
and  her  executive  force  as  well  as  her  fidelity  in  subordinate 
positions;  her  ability  to  plan  as  well  as  to  perform;  to  direct  as 
well  as  to  obey;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
that  women  should  be  appointed  upon  the  committees  to  which 
the  work  of  the  Exposition  is  intrusted,  in  all  cases  where  women 
can  be  found  familiar  with  the  duties  of  such  committees. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hooker  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  moved  that  the  alternates  of  Chicago 
be  considered  in  the  matter  of  committees. 

Mrs.  Meredith  stated  that  in  order  to  effect  this  we  should 


306  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

have  to  amend  our  By-Laws,  as  a  principal  and  alternate  could 
not  act  at  the  same  time.  A  principal  could  give  way  to  an 
alternate  if  she  desired,  but  she  destroyed  her  own  power  to  act 
on  that  committee. 

Mrs.  Deane,  California,  stated  that  she  offered  a  motion  to 
that  effect. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Kidder.     The  motion  was  lost. 

Miss  Ford,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  President  appoint  a  committee  to  collect  and 
compile  from  the  returned  blanks  of  proposed  exhibitors  the  per- 
centage of  woman  labor  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  the  article. 

Seconded  by  Dr.  Dickinson. 

President  Thomas  W.  Palmer,  accompanied  by  some  of  the 
National  Commissioners,  here  entered  the  room. 

Mrs.  Thatcher,  Chicago,  moved  that  in  view  of  the  distin- 
guished visitors  present,  we  lay  Miss  Ford's  resolution  on  the 
table,  and  give  them  an  opportunity  to  address  the  Board. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Cantrill  and  carried. 

PRESIDENT  THOMAS  W.  PALMER  :  Ladies  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  :  I  hardly  thought  we  should  be  caught  in  this 
predicament.  We  discussed  it  coming  over,  that  if  we  came  into 
the  hall  we  should  undoubtedly  be  called  upon  to  say  some- 
thing, and  I  had  not  much  of  anything  to  say.  We  came  for 
two  reasons:  first,  because  we  thought  it  would  be  discourteous, 
as  long  as  we  had  adjourned,  not  to  come  and  attend  one  of 
your  meetings,  and  the  other  reason  was  that  we  wanted  to 
come. 

I  congratulate  you  upon  the  harmony  of  your  deliberations, 
and  I  judge  that  you  have  had  somewhat  of  the  experience,  only 
not  to  such  an  extreme,  that  we  have  had  in  the  Commission. 
When  we  first  come  together,  we  have  very  lively  times,  but  be- 
fore we  adjourn  it  is  all  harmony  and  brotherly  love.  I  think, 
as  I  have  always  said,  that  the  bringing  together  of  the  Board  of 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  307 

Lady  Managers  was  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  civilization — to 
see  ladies  from  all  parts  of  our  country  coming  together,  and 
acting  in  a  legislative  capacity,  and  I  must  say,  with  more  con- 
sideration and  deference  to  each  other  than  we  show  in  the 
Commission  where  the  men  have  charge. 

I  anticipate  for  your  work  most  triumphant  results,  and 
beyond  all  as  an  educational  process  it  should  be  regarded  as 
very  emphatically  expressing  the  advance  of  men  and  women 
during  the  present  generation. 

GENERAL  ST.  CLAIR  :  Ladies,  I  am  not  here  in  the  capa- 
city of  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Control,  I  would  have  you 
know,  but  as  an  individual  admirer  of  the  Ladies'  Board.  I  said 
to  my  brother  Palmer,  on  the  street  coming  over  here,  that  if  we 
were  called  upon  to  speak  this  afternoon,  he  must  understand 
that  he  was  to  be  the  speaker,  for  the  reason  that  I  had  under- 
taken to  talk  as  much  to  the  ladies  for  the  Board  of  Control,  the 
the  last  few  days,  as  I  thought  lay  upon  the  head  of  any  one 
man.  I  shall  only  detain  you  to  say  this,  that  we  have  just 
adjourned  what  I  consider  to  have  been  the  most  fortunate 
meeting  of  the  National  Commission.  I  think  it  resulted  in 
more  good  to  the  Exposition  than  all  the  meetings  we  have 
heretofore  held.  While  I  have  not  been  present  at  your  sessions 
and  heard  what  you  have  been  doing,  I  have  undertaken  to  keep 
track  of  you  in  the  press,  and  if  you  are  correctly  reported,  I  am 
sure  you  have  done  no  less  a  work  for  the  Women's  Board  than 
was  performed  on  the  part  of  the  National  Commission.  While 
we  may  have  our  differences,  both  in  the  National  Commission, 
and  possibly  in  the  Ladies'  Board,  it  is  exceedingly  fortunate 
that  when  we  have  done  our  work  we  can  go  home  as  brethren 
and  sisters.  I  believe  you  are  charged  with  a  more  important 
duty,  under  the  Act  of  Congress  which  created  you,  than  has 
been  laid  on  the  National  Commission,  for  I  think  that  the 


308  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

people  of  the  United  States  have  come  to  see  more  clearly  than 
they  have  ever  seen  before,  that  the  mission  of  woman  in  this 
world  has  heretofore  been  largely  prescribed,  and  when  they 
gave  to  you  this  recognition  in  the  Act  of  Congress,  they  knew 
they  were  selecting  a  wise  agency  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the 
National  Commission  in  elevating  the  standard  of  womanhood. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  stated  that  her  report  regarding 
State  work  was  not  acted  upon,  and  moved  that  the  report,  or 
the  digest  of  the  reports  of  the  States,  be  put  into  the  hands  of 
the  Secretary  to  be  printed  and  distributed. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Houghton  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Albright,  New  Mexico,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  adopt  our  motto  for  our  seal,  instead  of 
taking  any  of  the  mottoes  found  on  the  seven  seals  to  be  sent  to 
St.  Gaudens,  and  also  that  the  two  dates,  1492  and  1892,  be  on 
the  seal. 

Seconded  by  Miss  Lovell  and  carried. 

Miss  McCandless,  Pennsylvania,  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  request  exhibi- 
tors not  to  send  exhibits  to  Chicago  until  they  are  passed  upon 
by  their  respective  States. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Allen,  Oregon,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

WHEREAS,  We  have  been  assured  that  abundant  opportuni- 
ties will  be  given  to  display  the  work  of  women  in  the  field  of 
literature;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Lady  Managers  in  their  respective  States 
endeavor  to  collect  the  meritorious  literary  works  of  the  women 
in  their  States. 

Mrs.  Allen  moved  the  adoption  of  this  resolution.  Seconded 
by  Mrs.  Cantrill  and  carried. 

The  following  resolution  was  also  offered  by  Mrs.  Allen: 

Resolved,  That    the  library  in   the  Woman's  Building  be  in 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  309 

charge  of  a  librarian,  that  the  works  which  are  there  exhibited 
may  be  examined  by  visitors  who  desire  the  privilege. 

Mrs.  Allen  moved  that  this  resolution  be  referred  to  the  com- 
mittee in  charge  of  the  Woman's  Building,  which  is  hereafter  to 
be  appointed. 

Motion  seconded  by  Miss  McCandless,  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Meredith,  Indiana,  moved  that  a  committee  of  three  be 
appointed  to  approve  the  minutes  of  the  Executive  session  of 
yesterday,  and  also  the  minutes  of  to-day. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Ashley,  and  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  all  unfinished  busi- 
ness was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

MRS.  C ARSE:  "The  second  Commissioner  from  Alaska  has 
not  yet  appointed  a  Lady  Manager.  I  hope  he  will  appoint 
Mrs.  Hayden.  As  she  is  there  at  the  present  time,  I  move 
that  we  have  an  exhibit  from  Alaska,  and  that  Mrs.  Hayden 
be  commissioned  to  take  charge  of  the  same." 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Hall. 

Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  moved  as  a  substitute  that  the  matter  be 
left  in  the  hands  of  the  Lady  Managers  from  that  Territory. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Bartlett  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  designs  for  the  badge  be  asked  for  and  sent 
to  Chicago,  to  be  accepted  by  our  President  and  a  committee  of 
her  selection. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Shepard,  Illinois,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  thank  Colonel  Dickinson  for  the  delicious 
luncheon  at  the  Hyde  Park  Hotel  the  first  day  of  the  session; 
and 

Resolved,  also,  That  we  thank  Mrs.  Palmer  for  the  drive  to 
Jackson  Park. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan  and  adopted. 


\ 


310  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Mrs.  Houghton,  Washington,  offered  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  Lady  Managers  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  convey  to  the  directors  of  the  Nebraska 
State  Fair  our  heartiest  thanks  for  the  cordial  invitation  extended 
to  this  body  to  be  present  at  their  State  Fair,  and  also  to  the 
Lady  Managers  from  that  State  who  were  instrumental  in 
securing  this  favor. 

Mrs.  Bartlett  seconded  the  motion  and  moved  to  amend  by 
adding  that  Mrs.  Briggs  and  Mrs.  Langworthy  be  empowered 
to  carry  our  thanks  to  Nebraska. 

Mrs.  Houghton  accepted  the  amendment  and  the  resolution 
was  adopted. 

Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  this  body  wish  to  express  their  profound 
thanks  to  M~s.  Susan  G.  Cooke,  for  the  faithful,  intelligent,  sys- 
tematic manner  in  which  she  has  kept  the  minutes  of  this  Board, 
at  all  times  furnishing  transcripts  and  information  with  despatch 
and  fidelity,  thereby  meriting  confidence  and  gratitude 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Carse  and  adopted. 

Miss  Cunningham,  South  Carolina,  offered  the  following 
resolution: 

Resolved,  That  we  pass  a  special  resolution  of  thanks  to  our 
President  for  the  patient  and  impartial  manner  with  which  she 
has  presided  over  our  meeting. 

Seconded  and  adopted  unanimously  by  a  rising  vote. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago,  the  suggestions  con- 
tained in  the  letter  of  Prof.  Lucy  Salmon  were  referred  to  a 
committee  hereafter  to  be  appointed. 

Mrs.  Carse  moved  that  the  President  appoint  this  committee 
at  her  leisure. 

The  motion  prevailed. 


Minutes  of  Second  Session.  311 

Mrs.  Kidder,  North  Carolina,  moved  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
Mrs.  McVicker  and  Mrs.  Chetlain,  for  the  entertainment  at 
McVicker's  Theatre,  on  the  evening  of  September  4th,  to  hear 
Mr.  Keene  in  his  character  of  Louis  XI. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Verdenal  and  carried. 

The  Chair  stated  that  Mrs.  Albright  had  had  a  resolution 
at  the  desk  for  two  days  to  the  same  effect. 

Miss  Ives,  Connecticut,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  a  vote  of  thanks  be  offered  Mr.  Phillipson 
for  his  generous  invitation  to  view  his  illustration  of  the  World's 
Fair  in  Miniature.  All  found  the  illustration  most  novel  in 
execution,  and  admirable  in  idea,  as  it  conveyed  a  very  com- 
prehensive representation  of  the  plan  of  the  Exposition. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Ryan,  Texas,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  be  given  to  Mr. 
Bowen  for  his  valuable  services  at  the  present  session  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  President  be,  and  is  hereby  authorized  to 
appoint  a  special  committee  on  Federal  Legislation,  to  consist 
of  twelve  ladies,  the  President  being  one,  and  the  Chairman 
thereof  ;  which  committee  shall  have  charge  and  control  of  all 
matters  pertaining  to  legislation  by  Congress,  in  the  interest 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Meredith  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Carse,  Chicago:  I  desire  to  offer  a  resolution  of  thanks 
to  our  excellent  Sergeant-at-Arms,  Miss  Busselle,  who  has  done 
such  excellent  work  for  us;  and  to  our  young  and  charming  pages 
and  ushers,  and  to  our  stenographer,  Miss  Merrill. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Logan  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Albright,  New  Mexico,  offered  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  thanks  be  voted  to  the  press  of  Chicago,  so 


312  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

ably  represented  by  the  reporters  present,  for  the  kindly  way  they 
have  reported  us  to  their  several  papers. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Bartlett  and  adopted. 

Mrs.  Cantrill  moved  a  special  vote  of  thanks  to  Colonel 
Payton. 

Carried  by  a  rising  vote. 

Mrs.  Stevens,  Maine,  moved  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be  extended 
to  all  others  who  have  in  any  manner  contributed  to  make  the 
meeting  of  our  Board  so  profitable  and  pleasant. 

Seconded  and  carried. 

Mrs.  Trautmann,  New  York,  then  presented  a  report  of  the 
reforms  accomplished  in  New  York  in  sanitary  matters  through 
the  organization  of  women. 

Mrs.  Barker,  South  Dakota,  moved  that  the  tenth  suggestion 
of  the  President's  report  to  be  taken  from  the  table  and  referred 
to  a  special  committee  of  her  own  appointment. 

Seconded  by  Mrs.  Eagle  and  carried. 

On  motion  of  Mrs.  Logan,  District  of  Columbia,  seconded  by 
Mrs.  Eagle,  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  then  adjourned  sine  die. 


APPENDIX. 


REPORTS  FROM  STATES. 

ALABAMA — Bv  MRS.  FOSDICK. 

The  report  of  Alabama's  women  deplores  the  fact  that  no 
appropriation  was  granted  by  its  Legislature  for  this  great 
Exposition. 

A  convention  was  called  last  May,  which  resolved  itself  into 
a  stock  association.  This  convention  named  thirteen  women  on 
its  committee,  and  another  convention  has  been  called  for  the  4th 
of  November,  for  the  perfection  of  its  plans.  At  the  time  this 
committee  met  in  Montgomery,  in  August,  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the  State  Association  was  also  in  session,  and  increased 
its  capital  stock  to  $50,000,  of  which  the  women  present  agreed 
to  raise  $25,000. 

Through  the  instrumentality  of  a  woman,  generous  responses 
in  several  instances  have  been  secured  from  railroads,  in  the 
matter  of  transportation.  Alabama's  possibilities  are  large,  and 
the  hopes  of  her  women  are  equally  large. 

ARKANSAS — BY  MRS.  EAGLE  AND  MRS.  EDGERTON. 

Arkansas  is  behind  many  of  the  States  with  her  State  organi- 
zation, in  consequence  of  her  Legislature  having  declined  to  make 
an  appropriation.  This  was  not  due  to  lack  of  interest,  but  to 
the  fact  that  it  required  a  two-thirds  vote.  It  passed  the  House, 
but  failed  in  the  Senate  by  three  votes.  The  people  were  not  in 
accord  with  this  action;  Governor  Eagle  recommended  an 
appropriation  of  $100,000,  and  as  that  failed,  he  called  a  con- 
vention last  August  to  take  action  for  providing  funds  for  an 
exhibit.  This  convention  adopted  a  charter  for  a  stock  company 

(313) 


314  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

of  $100,000,  with  $2  shares.  This  charter  provides  for  a  board 
of  directors  who  shall  elect  a  State  board  of  lady  managers 
composed  of  the  same  number.  This  board  will  solicit  exhibits 
of  the  work  of  women,  and  to  them  was  given  control  of  5  per 
cent,  of  all  funds  collected. 

Deep  interest  is  felt  by  the  leading  men  of  the  State. 
Arkansas  will  have  an  exhibit  which  you  will  be  pleased  to  see. 

CALIFORNIA — BY  MRS.  DEANE. 

California  reports  an  appropriation  of  $300,000,  which  will  be 
increased.  Our  State  Commission  does  not  contain  any  women, 
but  the  Lady  Managers  have  asked  for  ex-officio  membership 
and  for  control  of  woman's  work.  They  are  in  correspondence 
with  the  different  counties,  and  much  interest  is  being  awakened, 
and  California  will  have  an  exhibit  worthy  of  her. 

COLORADO — BY  Miss  SAMSON. 

Colorado  reports  an  appropriation  of  $100,000,  and  the 
appointment  of  a  board  of  fourteen  members.  The  National 
Commissioners  and  their  alternates,  the  Lady  Managers  and 
their  alternates,  constituting  eight  members,  and  five  others 
appointed  by  the  Governor,  who  is  the  President  of  the  board. 
Four  of  the  appointees  being  heads  of  the  departments: 
Education,  Mining,  Agriculture,  and  Horticulture. 

This  board  met  and  organized  in  May  of  the  present  year. 
At  this  meeting,  the  lady  members  of  the  board  were  given 
charge  of  Class  G — Woman's  Department,  outlined  as: 
"  Dairy  products,  pantry  stores,  needlework,  plain  and  ornamental, 
the  natural  flora  of  Colorado  named  and  classified,  such  of  the 
decorative  arts,  plastic  and  ornamental,  as  are  the  product  of 
woman's  hand,  and  a  general  supervision  of  woman's  work 
throughout  the  State  in  all  its  branches,  usual  and  unusual." 
Two  women  were  also  elected  to  so  organize  the  women  of  the 
State  as  to  secure  the  best  results  in  their  power,  and  a  third  was 
selected  for  special  work. 

We  did  not  apply  for  a  separate  specified  part  of  the  State 
appropriation,  as  we  were  assured  that  we  should  have  sufficient 


Appendix.  315 

sums  for  our  use  as  needed.  Our  State  Board  have  been  most 
fair  and  generous  in  their  dealings  with  us,  allowing  us  to  begin 
our  work  at  the  earliest  moment  possible,  and  granting  us  all 
aid  at  their  command  in  carrying  out  our  plans. 

Our  plan  is  to  organize  local  boards  (consisting  of  from  ten 
to  thirty  members,  as  circumstances  may  dictate)  in  one  or  more 
cities  of  each  county,  making  the  rest  of  the  county  auxiliary  to 
these  boards.  The  officers  of  each  board  to  consist  of  a  Presi- 
dent, two  Vice-Presidents,  a  Corresponding  and  a  Recording 
Secretary,  and  a  Treasurer.  The  committees  proposed  for  each 
board  are  an  executive  committee,  a  finance  committee,  commit- 
tee on  exhibits,  committee  on  statistics,  committee  on  clubs  and 
club  work,  and  a  press  committee. 

We  have  followed  the  plan  recommended  by  our  Executive 
Committee,  in  endeavoring  to  obtain  on  each  local  board  repre- 
sentatives from  each  organization  of  women  where  the  board  is 
formed.  We  have  found,  almost  without  exception,  representa- 
tive women  prepared  to  co-operate  with  us  heartily  and  promptly, 
in  our  efforts  to  secure  the  best  representation  from  the  women 
of  our  State. 

A  number  of  counties  are  already  organized,  and  we  hope  as 
soon  as  this  work  is  completed  to  call  a  State  convention  con- 
sisting of  representative  women  from  each  local  board,  who  will 
assist  us  in  determining  the  best  exhibits  available  from  each 
county;  also  the  best  method  of  securing  these  exhibits. 

These  county  boards  will  also  furnish  us  points  of  corre- 
spondence, by  means  of  which  we  may  at  any  time  reach  any  or 
all  parts  of  the  State. 

The  members  of  these  local  boards  are  looking  forward  with 
interest  to  the  printed  matter  promised  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, giving  outlines  of  proposed  exhibits  in  time  for  intelli- 
gent study  on  desired  topics. 

The  Act  of  our  State  Legislature  which  authorized  the 
World's  Fair  Board,  and  appropriation  for  the  use  of  same,  also 
allowed  the  assessment  of  a  two-mill  tax  in  each  of  the  counties. 
Each  local  board  appoints  a  committee  to  interview  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  county  in  which  it  is  located,  in  order  to  influence 
them  to  grant  the  desired  sum,  and  also  to  secure  for  the  women 

21 


316  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

of   that  county   an   amount   sufficient   to  defray  the  necessary 

expenses  of  their  work. 

We  most  cordially  invite  our  honored  President  and  each  and 

every  member  of  our  National  Board,  to  meet  with  us  when  our 

State  convention  shall  be  held. 

M.  A.  SAMSON, 
SUSAN  R.  ASHLEY, 
MRS.  R.  J.  COLEMAN, 
MRS.  M.  D.  THATCHER. 

CONNECTICUT — BY  MRS.  HOOKER. 

The  Legislature  of  Connecticut  has  not  been  approached  on 
the  subject  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  because  that  body  was 
so  engaged  in  settling  who  should  be  Governor,  they  were  not 
attending  to  any  other  business.  Three  men  claim  the  posi- 
tion, and  each  one  thinks  he  has  as  good  a  right  as  the  others. 

At  a  fair  held  last  November  in  Hartford,  I  addressed  a  large 
concourse  upon  the  subject  of  the  World's  Fair.  Through  the 
help  of  Mrs.  Smith,  an  alternate  upon  the  Board  of  Lady  Mana- 
gers, the  interest  of  two  women  in  every  town  has  been  secured. 
Beginning  with  these  as  a  point  of  contact,  the  help  of  many 
others  is  assured. 

A  circular  which  has  been  prepared  for  use  in  State  work 
contains  the  following  paragraphs  : 

"  The  most  impressive  feature  to  me  in  our  first  gathering 
.last  November  was  the  patriotic  devotion  of  the  Southern 
women  and  their  earnest  desire  to  become  trained  workers  in  this 
great  enterprise.  During  the  first  three  days,  when  all  was 
chaos  because  we  were  without  chart  or  compass,  or  cargo,  or 
port  of  departure  or  of  destination,  by  reason  of  the  very  meager 
instructions  received  from  Congress,  these  ladies  sat  quietly 
listening  to  the  debate,  but  taking  no  part  in  it,  and  seldom  at- 
tempting to  vote,  till  finally  one  said  to  me  in  private,  '  We  are 
distressed  to  be  of  so  little  service  here.  We  have  never  be- 
fore been  called  to  transact  public  business  of  any  sort,  are 
unfamiliar  with  parliamentary  rules,  and  fear  we  must  be  count- 
ed as  worthless  members.'  Reporting  this  to  the  Convention, 


Appendix.  317 

I  said  :  '  Dear  Sisters,  take  courage.  You  have  shown  your- 
selves good  listeners,  and  able  to  sit  still  when  you  have  nothing 
to  say  that  is  worth  the  saying,  and  that  is  more  than  some 
members  of  Congress  are  able  to  do,  after  years  of  experience.' 
For  this  I  was  thanked  almost  with  tears,  and  before  we  closed 
our  session  it  was  said  to  me  by  more  than  one :  '  We  are 
going  home  to  study  these  matters  of  industry  and  social  prog- 
ress, and  we  are  going  to  study  parliamentary  methods  also, 
and  teach  our  daughters  as  well,  and  some  day  you  will  find  us 
better  able  to  help  in  all  good  work,  both  local  and  national,  by 
our  coming  here.'  " 

And  toward  the  last  a  noble  Southern  woman,  a  leader  cf 
thought  and  in  beneficent  work  in  her  own  State,  said  to  me 
with  equal  dignity  and  frankness :  "  I  came  here  with 
prejudices  against  Northern  women,  and  against  you  in  partic- 
ular, but  I  wish  to  say  to  you  that  every  prejudice  is  now 
removed,"  and  on  her  return  home  she  wrote  me  the  following 
letter  : 

"  DECEMBER  8,  1890. 
"  MY  DEAR  MRS.  HOOKER  : 

"  Your  kind  letter  came  to-day.  Thanks  !  As  I  sit  alone  in 
my  little  quiet  cuddy  (where  I  go  to  write  or  read  or  think),  my 
mind  reverts  to  you  and  yours.  It  so  happened  that  I  read  to- 
day an  article  in  Lippincott's,  August,  1890,  about  Mrs.  H.  B. 
Stowe,  her  early  life  and  early  work  for  the  press.  Taken  to- 
gether with  your  letter  and  my  pleasant  recollection  of  our 
intercourse  in  Chicago,  I  found  myself  wishing  to  know  more  of 
you.  As  the  winter  wind  howls  around  my  home  to-night,  I 
almost  long  to  see  your  face  and  hear  you  tell  me  of  your  life, 
your  childhood,  maidenhood,  and  wifehood.  That  it  has  been 
a  brave  true  life  I  am  ready  to  vouch  for;  as  Solomon  said,  '  A 
gracious  woman  retaineth  honor.'  In  the  life  to  come  (please 
God  we  shall  meet  beyond  the  river),  we  will  have  time  to  tell 
each  other  of  the  pilgrimage,  where  it  seems  one  must  get  old 
enough  to  be  almost  ready  to  depart  before  we  can  learn  to 
agree,  and  at  the  same  time  learn  to  differ  in  an  agreeable  way. 

"  I  am  Southern  born  and  Southern  raised,  with  all  both  stand 
for,  and  I  verily  believe  our  sectional  disagreements  were  owing 


318  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

in  large  measure  to  our  ignorance,  not  of  books,  but  of  people. 
If  our  ancestors  had  required  a  convocation  of  the  sections  once  in 
every  ten  years,  there  would  have  been  no  Civil  War,  in  my  opinion. 
There  was  entirely  too  much  backbiting  and  intermeddling  also. 
A  face-to-face  conference  between  discordant  factions,  seasoned 
with  prayer  and  praise  for  God's  preserving  mercies,  would  have 
made  a  very  different  state  of  affairs.  My  heart  was  full  of 
this  feeling  all  the  time  of  my  stay  in  Chicago.  It  was  borne 
in  upon  my  mind  that  God  was  reconciling  us  in  a  true  and 
genuine  way.  This  grand  old  Republic  may  yet  be  saved  by 
its  women;  and  my  mind  is  open  to  conviction  on  this  line,  so  I 
shall  read  every  word  of  your  argument  in  the  book  you  are  to 
send  me." 

DELAWARE — BY  MRS.  BALL. 

Delaware's  appropriation  of  $10,000  is  much  less  than  was 
asked  for.  Of  this  sum,  $7,000  is  to  be  expended  for  a  State 
building.  The  plan  for  the  building  has  already  been  received 
from  the  architect.  This  will  be  a  very  creditable  club-house 
for  the  use  of  Delaware's  citizens.  A  State  Board  has  been 
formed  in  compliance  with  the  terms  of  the  bill  creating  it.  A 
woman  from  each  of  the  three  counties  of  the  State  has  been 
selected  to  sit  upon  the  Board,  and  one  of  them  has  been  made 
its  Secretary.  The  ladies  of  the  National  Board  have  been  made 
ex-officio  members  of  this  Board.  All  women's  work  has  been 
passed  over  to  the  care  of  the  women  of  the  State  Board.  A 
force  of  700  workwomen  employed  in  the  Harlan  &  Hollings- 
worth  works  is  to  be  drawn  upon  to  furnish  an  exhibit.  One 
woman  has  entered  the  field  of  invention,  and  by  her  process  is 
able  perfectly  to  preserve  food  for  an  unlimited  time. 

FLORIDA — BY  MRS.  BELL. 

A  State  Convention  has  beeen  called  for  October  yth  to  plan 
for  World's  Fair  work,  hence  its  report  can  not  be  very  comprehen- 
sive. A  State  Building  will  be  erected,  and  Florida  will  have  a 
fine  display.  Much  individual  work  has  been  done,  and  mostly 
by  women.  There  are  few  industries  in  the  State  in  which 
women  are  not  employed.  Even  in  carriage-making  women  arc 


Appendix.  319 

employed  in  stenciling  and  striping,  as  well  as  upholstering,  and 
the  employer  says  they  make  his  best  workers,  as  they  never  go 
on  a  spree  Saturday  night,  and  hence  can  work  on  Monday. 
Florida  will  raise  a  large  sum. 

GEORGIA — BY  MRS.  FELTON. 

1.  Georgia  is  absolutely  debarred  by  constitutional  limita- 
tions from  making  any  appropriation  save  for  legislative  and 
municipal  purposes.     Therefore  it  is  idle  to  think  of  an  appro- 
priation by  the  State  for  the  Fair. 

2.  Among  the  people,  however,  there  is  a  strong  feeling  of 
State  pride,  which  is  manifesting  itself  among  the  members  of 
the   "  State   Agricultural   Society "  and  its  collateral   branches 
within  the  State's  Alliances,  and  amid  the  large  corporations, 
institutions,  and  industries. 

3.  Nothing,    therefore,   can    be  done   save  by  private  sub- 
scription  in    Georgia.     It   is    the   desire   and    intention  of  the 
Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers  to  organize  a  "Joint  Stock 
Company  "  (upon  the  plan  adopted  by  Texas   and   other  States 
which  have  no  legislative  appropriations),  with  the  hope  that   a 
large  sum,  subscribed  for  in  small  amounts,  may  be  procured  for  a 
proper  exhibit  and  representation  of  the  State's  resources. 

4.  Our  people  are  conservative — more  so,  perhaps,  than  the 
people  of  any  State  in  the  Union.     We  move  slowly,  but  it  the 
feeling  of  "pride  in  the  Commonwealth  "  is  once  aroused  they  will 
subscribe  liberally. 

IDAHO — BY  MRS.  STRAUGHAN. 

Idaho's  appropriation  of  $20,000  has  been  increased, 
through  the  liberality  of  Captain  de  Lamar,  to  $40,000.  He  has 
been  made  State  Commissioner,  and  it  is  thought  he  is  where  he 
will  do  the  most  good.  There  are  no  women  on  the  State  Board, 
neither  are  the  Lady  Managers  members  ex-officio  thereof. 

ILLINOIS — BY  MRS.  PHILLIPS. 

Illinois  reports  an  appropriation  of  $800,000,  10  per  cent,  of 
which  ($80,000)  has  been  put  into  the  hands  of  the  women  of  the 


320  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

State  Board.  This  Board  is  made  up  of  eight  members,  four  of 
whom  are  the  Lady  Managers  and  their  Alternates,  the  remain- 
ing four  being  appointees  of  Governor  Fifer.  Plans  for  State 
work  are  still  in  an  embryonic  condition,  but  in  a  little  while 
Illinois  will  be  in  line  with  her  sister  States. 

INDIANA  —  BY  Miss  BALL. 

The  last  Legislature  of  Indiana  appropriated  $75,000  for 
World's  Fair  purposes,  $25,000  of  which  are  to  be  expended  for  a 
State  Building.  The  Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates  are  ex- 
officio  members  of  the  State  Board.  Twenty-six  members  com- 
pose the  State  Board,  four  of  whom  are  women.  Out  of  eight 
committees  appointed,  five  have  women  upon  them.  Mrs.  Vir- 
ginia C.  Meredith  and  Mrs.  Laura  D.  Worley,  of  our  National 
Board,  are  members  of  the  Executive  Committee.  Two  of  the 
five  composing  the  Committee  on  Machinery  and  Manufactures 
are  women;  two  of  the  five  on  the  Building  Committee  are 
women,  and  also  two  of  the  five  that  compose  the  Committee  on 
Education,  Arts,  and  Charities  are  women.  Mrs.  May  Wright 
Sewall,  who  has  an  international  reputation  as  an  educator  and 
progressive  woman,  is  on  this  committee. 

IOWA  —  BY  MRS.  CLARK. 

The  State  of  Iowa  has  appropriated  $50,000  for  the  uses  of 
the  World's  Fair  Commission.  That  was  done  at  the  last  session 
of  the  Legislature,  nearly  two  years  since.  We  expect  that 
this  amount  will  be  increased  at  the  next  General  Assembly  in 
January.  The  State  Board  of  the  men  is  composed  of  eleven 
members.  The  Board  has  not  recognized  the  women's  depart- 
ment as  yet,  but  this  is  merely  deferred  for  the  present.  The 
only  fear  I  have  in  regard  to  the  exhibit  of  woman's  work  is  an 
embarrassment  of  riches. 

KANSAS  —  BY  MRS.  HANBACK. 

The  Legislature  failed  at  its  last  session  to  make  any  appro- 
priation for  the  Kansas  exhibit  at  the  Columbian  Exposition,  which 
made  it  necessary  for  the  people  to  raise  money  to  carry  on  the 


Appendix.  321 

work.  The  Board  of  Promotion  have  already  $60,000  at  their 
command;  $20,000  of  this  amount  will  be  expended  on  a  State 
Building.  A  permanent  State  Board  will  be  elected  September 
i6th,  which  will  consist  of  nine  members,  one  from  each  con- 
gressional district,  and  two  at  large.  Every  effort  will  be  made 
to  secure  recognition  for  woman  on  the  State  Board. 

KENTUCKY  —  BY  Miss  FAULKNER  AND  Miss  PAYNE. 

Since  the  appointment  of  the  Commissioners  in  Kentucky, 
there  has  been  no  session  of  the  Legislature,  and,  except  that 
general  interest  in  the  World's  Fair  is  being  aroused,  no  plan  of 
action  has  yet  been  inaugurated. 

LOUISIANA — BY  Miss  MINOR. 

Louisiana  is  one  of  the  States  whose  laws  do  not  permit  the 
making  of  an  appropriation  for  the  World's  Fair.  We  have 
urged  upon  our  Governor  a  State  organization,  but  owing  to  other 
matters  which  are  absorbing  the  attention  of  the  public  at  this 
time,  it  is  considered  best  not  to  bring  our  commission  work 
before  the  people  at  present;  therefore  -there  has  been  no  State 
organization,  and  hence  no  State  work  to  report  from  Louisiana. 

(Inserted  by  Secretary.) 

MAINE — BY  MRS.  BURLEIGH. 

Maine  has  a  State  Board  of  four  men  and  four  women.  The 
law  in  Maine  includes  two  members  of  the  National  Board  of 
Commissioners,  and  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  their 
alternates.  An  appropriation  of  $40,000  has  been  made.  In  the 
organization  in  Maine,  the  women  have  been  equally  recognized 
with  the  men  in  filling  offices  and  making  up  committees. 
They  feel  sure  that  they  will  be  fairly  treated  relative  to  the 
need  of  the  woman's  department  of  State  work,  and  be  enabled 
to  make  an  exhibit  worthy  the  State  whose  motto  is  "Dirigo." 

MARYLAND — BY  MRS.  REED. 

There  is  nothing  official  to  report  from  Maryland.     We  are 
looking  hopefully  to  the  next  Legislature  for  an  appropriation, 


322  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

when  we  hope  a  State  Board  will  be  appointed.  Space  has 
been  secured  for  a  State  building.  Maryland  is  rich  in  resources, 
with  cotton  mills  and  glove  factories,  which  employ  a  large 
number  of  women. 

MASSACHUSETTS — BY  MRS.  FROST. 

An  organization  of  a  State  Board  has  recently  been  perfected; 
there  were  two  ladies  and  three  gentlemen  appointed.  An 
acceptable  location  has  been  secured  for  a  State  building.  The 
Legislature  has  appropriated  $75,000.  The  State  Board  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Russell,  and  their  first  circular  was  issued 
about  a  fortnight  ago.  Massachusetts  will  be  heard  from  at  the 
World's  Fair,  with  credit  to  the  Commonwealth  and  Union. 
Neither  the  Lady  Managers  nor  the  alternates  are  recognized  on 
the  State  Board,  either  by  appointment  or  ex  officio.  On 
organization  of  the  Board,  I  forwarded  communications  I  had 
received,  as  belonging  to  their  province.  I  received  courteous 
acknowledgment  and  assurance  that  any  suggestions  will  be 
most  carefully  considered.  I  personally  shall  do  all  I  can  to 
help  the  State  Board,  and  know  that  my  colleagues  and  the 
alternates  will  do  the  same. 

MICHIGAN — BY  MRS.  HOWES. 

Michigan  has  an  appropriation  of  $100,000.  The  Michigan 
State  Board  consists  of  six  members,  two  of  whom  are  women, 
besides  a  Secretary  whose  office  is  a  salaried  one.  Two  meet- 
ings have  been  held  at  which  plans  for  future  work  were  agreed 
upon.  $20,000  are  to  be  devoted  to  the  construction  of  the 
State  building,  which  sum,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  increased  by  dona- 
tions of  building  materials.  The  work  of  the  State  has  been  so 
divided  that  the  women  are  given  that  for  which  they  are  best 
adapted. 

MINNESOTA — BY  MRS.  BROWN. 

There  has  been  no  appropriation  for  the  ladies  of  Minnesota, 
but  they  have  the  assurance  from  the  business  men  of  their 
State,  as  well  as  their  Commissioners,  that  the  Lady  Managers 
will  receive  the  necessary  means  to  prosecute  their  work. 


Appendix.  323 

MISSISSIPPI — BY  MRS.  LEE. 

Thus  far  Mississippi  has  done  nothing  toward  making  an 
exhibit  at  the  Columbian  Exposition.  Its  Legislature  convenes 
in  January  next,  when  the  Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers  will 
unite  in  their  efforts  to  secure  a  liberal  appropriation  worthy  of 
so  great  a  State. 

MISSOURI — BY  MRS.  MOORE. 

The  Legislature  of  Missouri  made  an  appropriation  of  $150,- 
ooo.  A  State  Board  of  seven  members  has  been  appointed. 
The  Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates  are  recognized  as 
members  ex-officio;  four  ladies  are  in  the  field  thus  early  in  the 
interest  of  woman's  work. 

MONTANA — BY  MRS.  RICKARD. 

The  ladies'  department  of  Montana  consists  of  five  members, 
including  the  Lady  Managers  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  have 
charge  of  products  and  industries,  the  fine  arts,  plain  and  orna- 
mental needlework,  etc.,  in  which  women  are  interested.  It  is 
expected  at  least  one-tenth  of  the  funds  appropriated  will  be 
set  aside  for  the  use  of  the  woman's  department. 

NEBRASKA — BY  MRS.  BRIGGS  AND  MRS.  LANGWORTHY. 

Nebraska  has  made  an  appropriation  of  $50,000,  but  has  not 
yet  recognized  women  as  an  important  factor  in  the  work,  but 
there  is  a  strong  and  growing  sentiment  in  favor  of  so  doing. 
The  Commissioner,  General  Robert  R.  Greer,  is  a  great  friend  of 
woman's  work,  as  is  also  the  Governor. 

The  State  Board  of  Agriculture  has  issued  invitations  to 
every  member  of  our  Board  to  attend  its  Fair  this  month. 

Letters  have  been  written,  and  personal  work  done  to  interest 
the  ladies  of  the  State,  and  good  things  may  be  expected  of 
Nebraska.  The  Lady  Managers  have  secured  free  transporta- 
tion for  World's  Fair  work  throughout  the  State. 

NEVADA — BY  Miss  RUSSELL. 

Owing  to  financial  depression  in  Nevada,  the  Legislature 
failed  to  make  an  appropriation,  despite  the  persistent  efforts 


324  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

and  hard  work  of  the  Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers, 
However,  they  are  not  discouraged — a  spirit  of  interest  and 
enthusiasm  is  developing — and  they  are  confident  of  a  sufficient 
amount  of  money  to  establish  Nevada's  Success  at  the  Fair. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE — BY  MRS.  HALL. 

The  members  of  the  Commission  and  Lady  Managers  went 
to  Concord,  and  secured  an  appropriation  of  $25,000.  The 
National  Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers  were  left  off  from 
the  State  Committees,  but  we  have  good  reason  to  think  we 
shall  secure  recognition  later.  The  Board  as  now  constituted 
consists  of  five  members.  A  joint  meeting  of  this  Board,  with 
the  National  Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers  was  convened 
to  plan  for  State  work.  Very  little  interest  has  thus  far  been 
manifested  in  the  Exposition  by  the  women  of  the  State;  but 
the  work  they  have  done  in  building  and  furnishing  the  Soldiers' 
Home  and  the  Home  for  Fallen  Women,  leads  us  to  believe  that, 
when  aroused,  they  will  not  let  New  Hampshire  fall  behind  her 
sister  States  in  making  an  exhibit  at  Chicago.  We  expect  to 
erect  a  State  building  of  native  granite. 

NEW  JERSEY — BY  Miss  BUSSELLE. 

New  Jersey  has  an  appropriation  of  $20,000  with  which  to  work 
up  State  interests.  The  women  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers 
do  not  act  in  conjunction  with  the  State  Board  at  present.  Large 
industrial  interests  are  carried  on  within  her  borders,  of  which, 
no  doubt,  adequate  representation  will  be  made. 

NEW    YORK — BY    MRS.    VERDENAL,    Miss    FORD,    AND    MRS. 

TRAUTMANN. 

The  political  situation  in  this  State  last  winter,  at  the  regular 
session  of  its  State  Legislature,  accounts  sufficiently  for  the 
apparent  inactivity  reported.  No  funds,  owing  to  the  arising  of 
a  political  deadlock  in  the  Legislature,  are  at  present  available, 
but  hopes  are  expressed  and  confidently  stated  that  New  York 
will  provide  a  suitable  exhibit  at  the  Fair. 


Appendix.  325 

NORTH  CAROLINA— BY  MRS.  KIDDER  AND  MRS.  PRICE. 

The  appropriation  from  the  Legislature  is  $25,000.  The 
ladies  have  most  generous  recognition  on  the  State  Board  and 
expect  their  full  share  of  money  to  use  for  their  especial  work. 
The  State  has  many  large  cotton  mills  and  cigar  factories  where 
women  are  employed.  North  Carolina  being  one  of  the  thirteen 
original  States  her  women  are  anxious  to  show  their  pride  in  this 
fact  by  making  a  good  exhibit,  which  they  no  doubt  will  succeed 
in  doing. 

NORTH  DAKOTA — BY  MRS.  MCLAUGHLIN. 

The  Governor  did  not  see  fit  to  appoint  women  on  the  State 
Board,  but  the  gentlemen  are  very  friendly  to  woman's  work, 
having  invited  the  Lady  Managers  to  meet  with  them.  The 
State  has  quite  a  number  of  successful  women  farmers,  who, 
no  doubt,  will  exhibit  some  of  their  fine  No.  i  "hard  wheat," 
raised  by  them  and  shipped  direct  to  the  Exposition  without 
stopping  at  any  intermediate  point  for  adulteration, 

OHIO — BY  MRS.  HART  AND  MRS.  HARTPENCE. 

Ohio  has  an  appropriation  of  $100,000.  We  hope  for  an 
additional  bill,  and  that  a  part  of  the  money  may  be  set  aside  for 
woman's  work.  Ohio's  Board  consists  of  twenty-three  members. 
The  National  Commissioners  and  Lady  Managers  are  ex-officio 
members.  Ohio  has  great  wealth  and  vast  resources.  Her 
women  are  employed  in  many  industries  —  teachers,  artists, 
musicians,  and  the  charities  —  and  no  doubt  will  make  a  grand 
exhibit,  having  received  throughout  the  kindest  courtesy  from 
all  concerned.  Our  School  of  Design,  our  wood  carving,  and 
our  pottery,  as  also  our  Conservatory  of  Music,  have  a  national 
reputation.  No  doubt  these  will  have  many  exhibits. 

OREGON  —  BY  MRS.  ALLEN  AND  MRS.  PA.YTON. 

Oregon  has  no  appropriation,  but  the  press,  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture  and  of  Horticulture,  and  State  Chamber  of 
Commerce  have  all  passed  favorable  resolutions.  Addresses 
have  been  made,  local  clubs  have  been  formed,  and  a  great  deal 


326  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

done  to  arouse  in  women  an  interest  in  the  Fair.  Oregon's 
report  declares  that  their  aim  is  not  only  to  work  for  the  success 
of  the  World's  Fair,  but  also  for  the  permanent  good  of  mankind. 

PENNSYLVANIA  —  BY  MRS.  LUCAS. 

The  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  has  appropriated  $300,000, 
and  created  a  commission  of  thirty  gentlemen  for  its  disburse- 
ment. The  National  Commissioners  are  ex-officio  members,  with 
equal  rights  and  privileges.  The  Committee  on  Woman's  Work 
has  been  granted  an  office  and  a  Secretary  with  needed  material 
for  immediate  work.  This  Committee  has  sent  out  a  circular  letter 
to  all  large  and  effective  organizations  of  women  in  the  State, 
and  a  circular  letter  to  each  State  asking  what  relation  the 
Woman's  National  Commissioners  bear  to  their  State  Commis- 
sioners, and  we  hope  to  arouse  our  women  to  earnest  effort. 

RHODE  ISLAND  —  BY  Miss  DAILEY. 

The  Lady  Managers  from  Rhode  Island  report  an  appropria- 
tion of  $25,000.  Of  that  sum  $-11,000  will  be  expended  in  the 
erection  of  a  State  Building.  This  will  contain  Rhode  Island's 
interesting  historical  exhibit.  A  prize  has  been  offered  to  the 
successful  architect  designing  the  building,  women  being  invited 
also  to  compete.  The  Rhode  Island  State  Board  is  composed 
of  sixteen  members,"  eight  of  whom  are  members  of  the  National 
Commission,  being  the  Commissioners  and  their  alternates,  the 
Lady  Managers  and  their  alternates.  One  of  the  members  of 
the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  was  chosen  Secretary  and  Treasurer 
of  this  Board,  another  is  a  member  of  the  Building  Committee, 
and  so  the  good  work  goes  on. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA — BY  MRS.  BRAYTON. 

The  Governor  of  this  State  made  no  recommendation  to  the 
last  Legislature  to  the  effect  that  he  desired  it  to  pass  upon  the 
matter  of  an  appropriation  for  World's  Fair  purposes.  A  col- 
lection of  South  Carolina's  phosphates,  woods,  cereal  products, 
and  manufactured  articles  has  been  exhibited  at  the  National 
Exposition  in  New  Orleans,  Atlanta,  and  Augusta.  This  will, 


Appendix.  327 

no  doubt,  be  drawn  upon  in  whole  or  in  part  in  the  production 
of  a  State  exhibit.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Darby,  one  of  the  Board 
of  Lady  Managers  originally  appointed,  has  caused  a  temporary 
set-back  to  the  promulgation  of  plans.  But,  in  spite  of  draw- 
backs, South  Carolina  will  produce  from  among  her  heirlooms 
and  relics  a  most  interesting  and  instructive  exhibit.  Her 
negro  population  will  also  be  stimulated  to  show  something 
creditable  and  surprising  to  friends,  as  well  as  to  those  who  know 
little  of  the  latent  possibilities  concealed  in  this  race.  Mrs. 
Thomson,  who  fills  the  place  made  vacant  by  Mrs.  Darby, 
desires  to  introduce  flower  culture  into  her  State,  with  a  view  not 
only  of  furnishing  employment  to  women  and  children,  but  of 
supplying  materials  with  which  to  manufacture  perfumes, 
unguents,  and  pomades. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA — BY  MRS.  BARKER. 

The  bill  introduced  last  winter  into  the  State  Legislature  for 
an  appropriation  failed  to  pass.  In  June  the  Board  of  Trade 
of  Yankton  called  a  meeting  to  devise  means  to  raise  money  for 
the  Exposition.  The  Governor  had  also  issued  a  call  for  a 
like  meeting  at  Huron.  They  held  one  under  a  joint  call. 
Steps  are  being  taken  to  send  an  exhibit  of  the  mining  interests 
of  the  Black  Hills,  our  jasper  quarries,  and  our  agricultural 
interests. 

TENNESSEE — BY  MRS.  MASON. 

The  Tennessee  Legislature,  at  its  last  general  session,  did 
not  make  an  appropriation  for  the  World's  Fair.  Since  that 
time  Mrs.  Gillespie  has  gone  abroad  .and  Mrs.  Cooke  has  been 
removed  from  the  State  by  her  appointment  as  Secretary.  There 
is  a  special  session  of  the  Legislature  in  Tennessee  at  this  time, 
one  of  the  duties  of  which  is  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the 
World's  Fair.  The  women  of  Tennessee  feel  very  sure  if  they 
make  an  appropriation  we  will  get  all  we  wish  of  it.  If  they  do 
not,  we  will  raise  our  own  money  and  do  our  own  work. 

TEXAS — BY   MRS.  TURNER. 

Texas  has  a  constitutional  provision  prohibiting  the 
appropriation  of  public  funds  for  such  purposes.  Her  patriotic 


328  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

citizens  were  forced  to  make  other  provisions,  which  they  are 
heroically  doing.  There  are  already  600  women  actively 
engaged  in  the  work.  Columbian  Clubs  are  being  formed  and 
exhibitions  for  raising  money  are  being  given.  The  ladies  of 
Texas  will  organize  after  the  manner  of  the  National  Board. 
The  Governor  is  to  issue  a  proclamation  for  the  setting  apart  of 
a  day  as  "  Children's  World's  Fair  Day."  The  Texas  Lady 
Managers  will  report  monthly  to  the  National  Board  of  Lady 
Managers. 

The  Teachers'  Association  of  Texas  has  offered  magnificent 
prizes  to  those  who  will  do  most  toward  getting  subscriptions 
for  and  creating  an  interest  in  the  work.  Twelve  thousand 
teachers  will  add  their  contributions  and  the  State  is  sure  to  do 
something  worthy  of  its  greatness. 

VERMONT — BY  MRS.  CHANDLER. 

Vermont's  appropriation  is  not  large,  but  considering  her 
population  it  is  as  large  as  that  of  many  of  the  States.  The  Lady 
Managers  are  recognized  equally  with  the  men  on  the  State  Board. 
Women  are  not  largely  engaged  in  manufacturing  interests  in 
Vermont,  except  in  the  dairy  and  the  home.  These  can  hardly 
be  equaled,  and  the  Green  Mountain  State  may  be  expected  to 
act  well  in  her  woman's  part  in  the  great  Fair. 

VIRGINIA — By  MRS.  PAUL. 

There  was  no  meeting  of  the  Legislature  last  winter,  hence 
no  appropriation.  Business  men  have  organized  for  State  work 
and  have  sought  the  cooperation  of  women.  Interest  is  increas- 
ing in  the  Fair,  and  when  the  Legislature  convenes,  we 
confidently  expect  a  generous  appropriation.  The  Old  Dominion 
State  will  have  a  creditable  exhibit  at  Chicago. 

WASHINGTON — BY  MRS.  HOUGHTON. 

The  Legislature  of  Washington  made  an  appropriation  of 
$100,000,  and  it  is  expected  $150,000  will  be  secured  through 
contributions;  and  it  is  believed,  through  the  liberality  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  R.  R.  Company,  the  State  will  be  enabled  to 


Appendix.  329 

get  free  transportation  for  its  entire  exhibit.  The  law  creating 
the  State  Board  made  the  Lady  Managers  members  of  the  State 
Board. 

WEST  VIRGINIA — BY  Miss  JACKSON. 

West  Virginia  hopes  to  have  one  of  the  finest  art  exhibits  at 
the  Columbian  Exposition.  A  rare  collection  of  paintings  by  cel- 
ebrated artists  has  already  been  secured,  and  arrangements  are 
being  made  to  carry  on  the  work  in  the  woman's  department 
successfully. 

WISCONSIN — BY  MRS.  GINTY. 

There  are  seven  men  and  one  woman  on  the  State  Board  of 
Wisconsin,  with  an  appropriation  of  $65,000  to  carry  on  their 
work.  The  members  of  the  National  Board  are  ex-officio  mem- 
bers of  the  State  Board.  The  ladies  did  not  ask  for  a  special 
appropriation,  as  they  preferred  to  work  side  by  side  with  the 
men.  Rare  pearls  found  in  the  inland  rivers  will  be  among 
the  various  exhibits  of  Wisconsin. 

WYOMING — BY  MRS.  HALE. 

The  first  State  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the  World's  Fair 
was  Wyoming;  $30,000  was  provided  by  the  Legislature  last 
winter,  $10,000  of  this  to  be  used  for  a  building.  The  expenses 
of  the  ladies  will  be  paid  while  working  for  woman's  exhibits. 
The  expense  of  transportation  in  Wyoming  is  from  5  to  10 
cents  per  mile.  The  display  of  woman's  work  will  be  small,  as 
there  are  no  manufactories  to  employ  them;  but  the  ladies  will 
use  every  effort.  As  Wyoming  was  the  first  State  to  give  suffrage 
to  women,  it  will  not  fall  behind  its  record. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA — BY  MRS.  WILKINS  AND  MRS.  LOCKWOOD. 

Through  information  obtained  at  the  patent  office,  the  ladies 
intend  showing,  by  means  of  a  series  of  pictures  or  models,  the 
work  of  women  all  over  this  broad  land.  A  woman  has  recently 
been  appointed  assistant  curator  of  the  Botanical  Bureau.  By 
means  of  charts  and  models,  representations  of  all  patents  issued 
by  women  in  the  last  century  will  be  shown.  These  will  amount 


330  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

to  several  thousand.  "  When  the  man  brought  his  slain  deer  and 
threw  it  down  at  the  cabin  door,  and  the  woman  sharpened  her 
flint  for  a  knife,  she  became  the  first  cutler — the  real  founder  of 
Sheffield.  When  she  removed  the  hide,  she  little  thought  she  was 
becoming  the  patron  saint  of  all  butchers!  She  rolled  up  the 
hide  and  dressed  it,  smoked  it,  curried  it,  and  softened  it  with 
implements  of  stone  and  bone,  thereby  making  herself  the  first 
tanner  and  currier.  From  the  leather,  she  cut  and  made  moccasins 
for  her  husband,  which  to  his  speed  added  wings."  These  ladies 
expect  to  be  able  to  prove  that  women  were  the  first  millers,  the 
first  potters,  the  first  geometricians,  the  first  architects,  and  so  on 
indefinitely. 

REPORTS    FROM    TERRITORIES. 
ARIZONA — BY  MRS.  LOVELL. 

Arizona  reports  $30,000  in  hand,  with  which  to  prosecute 
World's  Fair  work.  Congress,  however,  by  reason  of  her 
dependence,  must  approve  the  Act  before  she  can  expend  any 
portion  of  it.  This  vast  Territory  is  so  little  traversed  by  rail- 
roads that  communication  is  difficult,  and  work  so  far  is  only  in 
its  incipiency. 

NEW  MEXICO — Bv  MRS.  ALBRIGHT  AND  MRS.  BARTLETT. 

New  Mexico  has  appropriated  $25,000,  and  the  counties  will 
make  appropriations,  thus  increasing  the  sum  to  $40,000  or 
$50,000.  Throughout  the  territory  a  lively  interest  exists. 
The  work  has  been  divided  between  two  Lady  Managers. 
They  propose  to  have  a  display  of  New  Mexico  Indian  work  and 
progress,  Indian  Mission  and  Industrial  Schools,  benevolent 
societies,  agricultural  products,  tree  culture,  the  flora  of  New 
Mexico,  etc.  The  Governor's  wife,  Mrs.  Prince,  is  greatly 
interested,  and  they  have  every  promise  of  success. 

OKLAHOMA — BY  MRS.  MILES  AND  MRS.  BEESON. 

A  canvass  has  been  made  of  nearly  the  entire  State,  and  much 
interest  aroused.  Steps  have  been  taken  for  a  thorough  organi- 


Appendix.  331 

zation.  The  Democratic  Territorial  Convention  passed  favorable 
resolutions,  and  we  are  sure  this  new  section  will  be  heard  from 
in  1893. 

UTAH — BY  MRS.  WHALEN. 

The  women  of  Utah  take  great  interest  in  the  work.  They 
have  good  reason  to  expect  the  Territorial  appropriation  to  be 
$100,000.  They  expect  to  make  a  grand  exhibit  of  the  Territory's 
boundless  resources  of  minerals,  building  stones,  vegetables,  fruits, 
and  of  her  great  Salt  Lake. 

REPORTS   FROM  THE  CITY  OF  CHICAGO. 

Mrs.  MEYERS,  an  alternate  from  Chicago,  made  a  report 
regarding  a  contemplated  marine  exhibit,  which  is  to  be  her 
special  province,  and  will  be  of  exceeding  interest. 

Mrs.  DOOLITTLE  :  The  Illinois  Woman's  Alliance,  the  Trades 
Unions,  and  various  labor  organizations  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  women  and  children,  petitioned  the  City  Council  of  Chicago 
during  the  spring  of  1889  to  appoint  female  tenement  and  factory 
inspectors.  The  object  they  had  in  view  was  the  reduction  of 
child  labor  to  proper  limits,  which  had  not  hitherto  been  accom- 
plished, and  to  make  life  endurable  for  women  and  children  em- 
ployed almost  everywhere  and  in  every  sort  of  business.  The 
Mayor  and  Aldermen  were  interested  in  the  subject  from  the 
start,  and  an  ordinance  was  soon  passed  authorizing  the  Mayor 
to  appoint  five  female  inspectors.  Heretofore  in  this  country 
the  labor  connected  with  Health  Departments  had  been  entirely 
performed  by  men,  but  last  year  New  York,  Boston,  Lowell, 
Lynn,  and  Fall  River  followed  Chicago's  example,  and  it  is  now 
an  assured  fact  that  women  can  perform  the  inspector's  duties 
satisfactorily. 

It  will  be  interesting,  perhaps,  to  those  who  knew  nothing  of 
the  controversy  at  the  time,  to  hear  that  at  the  outset  we 
encountered  a  serious  obstacle  that  threatened  to  put  an  end  to 
our  usefulness  in  this  direction.  I  refer  to  the  refusal,  for  a 
time,  to  administer  the  oath  of  office  to  a  woman,  on  the  ground 
that  the  law  contemplated  policemen,  not  policewomen.  After 

23 


332  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

a  careful  review  of  the  subject  by  the  Corporation  Counsel,  it 
was  decided  that  the  Common  Council  had  authority  to  pass 
ordinances  regulating  and  controlling  the  Police  Department, 
and  it  therefore  had  authority  to  authorize  female  police. 

The  appointments  were  made  in  the  interest  of  women  and 
children,  consequently  factories  where  two  or  more  females  are 
employed  are  placed  under  the  special  supervision  of  female 
inspectors.  It  is  their  duty  to  see  that  work-rooms  are  comfort- 
able, cleanly,  properly  lighted  and  heated;  to  insist  that  they 
shall  not  be  overcrowded,  and  to  examine  toilet-rooms  and 
plumbing  of  every  description. 

The  law  in  regard  to  compulsory  education  is  being  as  rigidly 
enforced  as  possible,  and  no  child  under  fourteen  is  allowed  by 
law  to  work  without  a  permit  from  the  Board  of  Education. 
In  case  of  necessity  permits  are  given. 

Two  years  ago,  when  we  entered- upon  our  duties,  many 
factories  were  found  in  a  deplorable  condition,  overcrowded, 
poorly  ventilated,  with  the  most  meager  toilet  accommodations 
for  women,  and  often  no  elevator  privileges,  and  interference  by 
inspectors  was  regarded  by  the  managers  as  entirely  unwarranted, 
the  officer's  star  alone  preventing  doors  being  closed  in  our  faces. 
Even  that  sesame  was  not  always  effectual. 

Our  aim  was  high,  and  our  enthusiasm  unbounded,  and  now, 
when  we  return  to  these  establishments,  we  are  gratified  to  find 
that  a  greater  degree  of  neatness  prevails,  more  attention  is  given 
to  ventilation,  and  a  desire  is  expressed  by  those  most  interested 
for  suggestions  from  us  if  we  see  necessity  for  further  improve- 
ment. Happy  faces  greet  us  now  as  girls  here  and  there 
recognize  us,  where  before  we  saw  only  a  shrinking  surprise,  and 
many  have  already  expressed  to  us  the  greatest  gratification  in 
regard  to  changes  that  have  been  effected  by  our  perseverance. 

According  to  statistics  in  the  report  published  by  the  Health 
Department  for  1890,  there  are  98,915  women  at  work  in 
Chicago  (there  are  587,319  men),  the  greater  part  of  whom  are  in 
stores  and  manufacturing  establishments.  The  number  of 
employes  in  eight  of  our  leading  dry  good  stores  is  7,182,  3,381 
of  whom  are  females,  nearly  one-half;  in  eight  paper  box 
factories  (these  statistics  were  lately  taken  by  women  inspectors), 


Appendix.  333 

there  are  67  men  and  153  women;  in  eight  printing  establish- 
ments, 494  men  and  140  women;  men's  furnishings,  58  men  and 
397  women;  eight  book  binderies,  829  men  and  630  women;  eight 
boot  and  shoe  factories,  195  men  and  198  women;  eight  tobacco 
factories,  451  men  and  418  women;  four  candy  factories,  339 
men  and  144  women;  four  cloak  factories,  182  men  and  425 
women.  The  number  of  men  employed  in  these  eight  factories 
is  2,615,  °f  women,  2,505.  Women  will  be  found  in  box,  shoe, 
candy,  preserving,  flavoring  extract,  suspender,  neckwear, 
knitting,  shirt  and  cloak  factories,  book  binderies,  type  foundries, 
and  printing  offices,  and,  in  fact,  in  almost  every  sort  of  a  work- 
shop, either  preparing  goods  for  market  or  labeling  them. 

They  are  not,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  as  well  paid  for  their 
services  as  men.  Wages  vary  according  to  the  work  required, 
inexperienced  young  girls  receiving  only  two  or  three  dollars 
a  week,  while  older  ones  seldom  make  more  than  ten.  When 
they  work  by  the  piece,  as  they  do  in  many  factories  entirely, 
they  may  possibly  earn  a  few  dollars  more ;  but  this  would  be 
an  exception,  while  a  man  will  receive  from  two  to  three  times 
the  amount,  whether  he  is  paid  by  the  week  or  piece. 

Forewomen's  wages  do  not  often  exceed  $15  a  week,  although 
one  factory  has  been  discovered  where  the  forewoman  receives 
$25,  and  by  working  over  hours  manages  sometimes  to  make 
from  $35  to  $40.  The  foreman's  wages  in  the  same  establishment 
are  $40,  and  he  can  make  $60. 

One  reason  for  this  apparent  undervaluing  of  women's  serv- 
ices is  that  many  girls  who  have  comfortable  homes,  where  they 
are  well  provided  for  by  parents,  seek  work  in  these  factories  of 
stores  in  order  to  procure  for  themselves  luxuries  in  the  way 
of  dress  and  amusements,  and  accept  lower  wages  than  the 
really  needy  can  procure  the  necessaries  of  life  for,  thereby 
either  crowding  out  the  most  deserving  or  forcing  them  to  take 
starvation  wages. 

The  law  in  regard  to  seats  behind  counters  in  stores  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  may  occasionally  find  a  leisure  moment  to 
take  advantage  of  them,  has  been  enforced  by  women  inspectors, 
and  Mr.  Otto  Young,  the  manager  of  a  store  known  as  "  The  Fair," 
opened  last  year  a  school  for  the  cash  girls.  An  instructor 


334  Board  of  Lady  Managers. 

in  the  common  branches  of  education  is  furnished  by  the  firm, 
without  charge,  from  eight  until  ten  every  morning,  and  the  chil- 
dren are  so  absorbed  in  their  studies,  and  so  eager  to  learn,  that 
visitors  come  and  go  to  watch  the  novel  sight,  and  are  amazed 
to  find  no  wondering  eyes  fastened  upon  them.  One  or  two 
other  firms  have  lately  followed  this  noble  example. 

Attractive  lunch-rooms  are  now  furnished  by  some  firms  for 
employes,  where  tea  and  coffee  can  be  procured  at  nominal 
prices,  or  facilities  for  heating  the  same  can  be  found.  For  all 
these  changes  women  inspectors  claim  the  credit. 

An  immense  effort  has  been  made  to  enforce  the  eight-hour 
law  for  the  benefit  of  cash  girls  and  boys,  and  in  several  large 
stores  they  are  now  required  to  work  only  8£  hours. 

The  good  work  still  goes  on,  reforms  are  being  constantly 
inaugurated,  and,  in  1893,  when  we  desire  to  have  the  whole 
world  inspect  our  city,  we  hope  also  to  have  taken  a  great  step 
forward  in  the  advancement  of  workingwomen. 

I  have  said  nothing  about  the  tenement  work,  as  the  field 
is  so  large  and  interesting  that  I  could  not  do  justice  to  it  in 
the  time  that  I  feel  at  liberty  to  monopolize. 

I  am  happy  to  have  been  able  to  make  this  statement,  for 
two  reasons.  So  little  has  been  published  in  regard  to  our 
work  that  the  public  generally  are  entirely  ignorant  of  it,  and  I 
am  especially  happy  to  have  the  opportunity  of  asking  the 
ladies  assembled  here  (those  who  have  not  already  done  so), 
to  take  an  active  interest  in  the  condition  of  workingwomen, 
to  agitate  the  subject  in  their^  cities  and  towns,  and,  taking 
courage  by  what  a  few  have  succeeded  in  doing  in  Chicago, 
to  bring  about  a  revolution  in  such  matters  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  by  its  example  throughout  the  world. 

I  thank  you  for  your  attention,  and,  as  I  have  only  touched 
upon  the  different  points,  I  will  be  glad  to  aid  any  one  who  is 
interested  in  investigating  the  subject  more  thoroughly. 

[By  special  request  this  was  ordered  printed  with  the  State 
reports.] 


